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Topic: Endemic species

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	Endemic (ecology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Endemic in biology and ecology means exclusively native to a place or biota.
		Islands are especially likely to develop endemic forms because of their geographical isolation; remote island groups, such as Hawai'i and the Galápagos Islands, have large numbers of endemic species.
		Endemics can also develop in other biologically isolated areas, such as the highlands of Ethiopia or large bodies of water like Lake Baikal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endemic_species (232 words)

	Endemic species of Taiwan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan — that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.
		Fourteen endemic bird species of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 471 bird species).
		Another 69 subspecies are endemic, accounting for another 45 percent of the local resident population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endemic_species_of_Taiwan (116 words)

	HawaiiÕs Endemic Birds
		Three seabird species are endemic to Hawaii: the endangered dark-rumped petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis), the threatened Newell's shearwater (Puffinus newelii), and the Hawaiian noddy (Anous minutus melanogenys).
		Species confined to such a small geographical area are extremely vulnerable to natural disasters (e.g., hurricane damage) or human-related impacts (e.g., introduction of disease or predators to the island).
		Both the greatest number of species and the number of losses of species of Hawaiian birds are found in the forest bird group.
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/noframe/t018.htm (3090 words)

	Mycorrhizal Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Endemic, indigenous, naturalized and cultivated angiosperms growing in a variety of habitats in Hawaii were examined for mycorrhizae.
		Of 147 species (representing 61 families) examined, 122 were mycorrhizal, and 98% of the latter formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM).
		The high incidence of mycorrhizae in endemic species suggests that VAM fungi and obligately mycotrophic plant species may have been present in the Hawaiian Islands from the earliest stages of the development of the angiosperm flora.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/1992/92_koske1.htm (126 words)

	Endemic Species of the Albertine Rift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An 'Endemic Species' is one that is only found in a particular region and nowhere else in the world.
		Many of these species have some form of IUCN classification as they are considered threatened or little is known about their distribution.
		Thirteen species are endemic to the Albertine Rift (AR).
	www.albertinerift.org /arift-home/arift-species/endemic (526 words)

	endemic species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many endemic species were lost, a natural filter system for waste and pollutants into rivers and the Persian Gulf was devastated, and an entire culture rich in...
		High numbers of endemic species of mammals, such as the fl-shanked duoc langur, gaur, and important species of birds, were also sighted, illustrating the...
		A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Macaronesian endemic species of Convolvulus was undertaken using data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed...
	www.biometnews.com /environment/endemic_species.html (480 words)

	Gulf of Guinea Islands' Biodiversity Network: Ornithology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		São Tomé and Príncipe contain 28 species of bird that are endemic to one or both of the islands.
		The level of endemism is high on the islands with over half of the breeding landbirds either being an endemic species or subspecies.On São Tomé 57% (28 out of 49) of the breeding landbirds are either endemic species or subspecies.
		This rating is based upon the highest restricted-range bird species richness score, with both islands being three times or more richer in species than expected for their area.
	www.ggcg.st /birds/stpbird_endemintro.htm (380 words)

	endemic - definition by dict.die.net
		Belonging or native to a particular people or country; native as distinguished from introduced or naturalized; hence, regularly or ordinarily occurring in a given region; local; as, a plant endemic in Australia; -- often distinguished from exotic.
		Note: An endemic disease is one which is constantly present to a greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an epidemic disease, which prevails widely at some one time, or periodically, and from a sporadic disease, of which a few instances occur now and then.
		Fear, which is an endemic latent in every human heart, sometimes rises into an epidemic.
	dict.die.net /endemic (117 words)

	Botany online: Reproductive Isolation and Mechanisms of Reproduction - Prezygotic Barriers
		Introduction of foreign species into an area has shown, that this type of reproductive barrier is often rather feeble and collapses easily.
		The roughly 20 species are easiest distinguished by the shape of their leaves.
		These two mechanisms take often place simultaneously, because, on one hand, the influence of the pollinator on the development and selection of species has to be considered, on the other hand, the flower structure allowing pollen nectar, and stigma access to only certain pollinators is of importance.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e38/38a.htm (1320 words)

	Wild World Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The plants and animals of the Galápagos Islands are a result of adaptive radiation, where one plant or one animal species diversified into many species that fill a variety of ecological roles.
		For example, the redfin darter is a fish endemic to the rivers of the Ozark forests, and the Joshua tree is a plant endemic to the Mojave Desert.
		A relict species may be one that had a wider range but is now found only in particular areas (like the European white elm tree in western Siberia), or it may have survived relatively unchanged from an older period when other kinds of species went extinct (such as horseshoe crabs).
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/glossary.html (1577 words)

	The State of the Marine Environment Report for Australia Technical Annex: 1 - Conservation of rare, threatened and ...
		Rates for colonisation and extinction appear to be largely independent of variation in the number of resident species, patch size and shape, and proximity to the source because of the unpredictable nature of larval supply and adult mortality.
		Species which are extreme habitat specialists, particularly those associated with one species of habitat forming organism; eg fish and invertebrates associated with a single coral or anemone species.
		The 'last resort' approach for terrestrial species is to transfer remaining individuals to island refuges containing suitable habitat that is free of exotic competitors or predators.
	www.ea.gov.au /coasts/publications/somer/annex1/marine-species.html (3914 words)

	Endemic Insects - Great Sand Dunes Monument and Preserve
		Endemic species are those that exist at only one location or area on Earth.
		Although it is a noctuid moth, it lacks the rather drab grey-brown appearance of its cousins, the "Miller Moths" or "Cutworm Moths".
		Robber flies are often observed foraging on other flying insects (wasps, bees, and flies) during the heat of the day, after all crawling insects have taken cover from the extreme heat of the sand.
	www.nps.gov /grsa/resources/endemic_insects.htm (1097 words)

	Hunters Namibia Safaris - Namibia's Endemic Species
		With it distinct fl blaze, (not brown which is often a result of inbreeding with the Common Impala) extending from the nostril to the top of the head and between the ears, and with a slightly larger trophy by quite a few inches, this antelope is an exceptional trophy.
		Another endemic specie, breeding herds of which have unfortunately been "exported" to neighboring countries, is the Mountain Zebra or Hartmann's Mountain Zebra.
		This specie is found primarily along the western rock strewn, dense brush overgrown, grassless, hard clay ground edges of the mountainous regions in the deep south of Namibia up and into southern Angola.
	www.huntersnamibia.com /species.htm (1133 words)

	Seychelles Endemic Species (Animals) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Seychelles warbler is one species of bird that exhibits co-operative breeding.
		This large species is a subspecies of the Seychelles fruit bat.
		There are 11 endemic species of amphibians in the Seychelles (7 species of caecilians and 4 species of frogs).
	www.pps.gov.sc /enviro/html/seychelles_endemic_species__an.html (1235 words)

	The 'Age and Area' Hypothesis and the Problem of Endemism by Edmund W. Sinnott
		A species limited on all sides by effective barriers will not be able to extend its limits, no matter how long it may exist; and with types which have thus reached the boundary of their possible ranges, area of dispersal will obviously afford no clue as to antiquity.
		The fact that the proportion of such genera (not endemic but containing only endemic species) is lowest in those regions where the arrival of new species has apparently been of frequent occurrence, and highest in regions which are most isolated, suggests that these parent species tend eventually to disappear altogether.
		To a certain extent, particularly in genera which are rich in endemic species and which seem to be developing new forms rapidly, such as Impatiens, Eugenia, and Strobilanthes in the Ceylon flora, this restricted dispersal among the endemics is doubtless due in part to their youth.
	www.wku.edu /%7Esmithch/biogeog/SINN1917.htm (2852 words)

	Hawai`i's native species
		Some of the endemic species are so rare that they are also threatened and endangered.
		Insects : At least 10,000 native and endemic species, of which an estimated 20-30% are extinct and 20-50% are biologically endangered.
		This endangered species is found only from 6,500 to 9,600 feet in mamane-naio forests on the slopes of Mauna Kea on the island of Hawai`i.
	www.state.hi.us /dlnr/native_species.html (569 words)

	Araucariaceae of New-Caledonia: endemic species in danger
		The continuous regression of populations of several species, brought on by human-induced bush fires, mining and urban expansion is putting their genetic integrity at risk.
		Two species are strictly associated with ultramafic substrates (A. lanceolata and A. ovata), two with acid rocks (A. corbassonii and A. montana), and one species is spread over both types of substrate (A. moorei).
		Among the species encountered on ultramafic rocks, three (A. subulata, A. biramulata, A. bernieri) are essentially forest adapted, whereas the other seven grow in both the forest and the maquis.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-01/idrp-aon010604.php (908 words)

	CBD - Letterhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The administration is in clear violation of the Endangered Species Act by failing to respond to two scientific petitions filed with FWS, one to list the Andrew’s dunes scarab beetle, and the other to list 16 Algodones Dunes endemic species, as threatened or endangered.
		Animal species endemic to the Algodones Dunes are adapted to the hot, arid environment and often exhibit habitat specialization, such as dependence upon a particular host plant.
		In fact, the DEIS listed only five insect species as “known to occur or having the potential to occur” at the Algodones Dunes, and only three of the species are endemics (Andrew’s dune scarab beetle, Carlson’s dune beetle, and Hardy’s dune beetle).
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/press/dunes12-2-04.html (1073 words)

	'White Elephant' in a Green Forest
		5 species belonging to 2 families of monocots are endemic to the region.
		Studies have revealed that 21 species of amphibians are strictly endemic to the Western Ghats.
		The Western Ghats are rich in their invertebrate diversity, 16 species of ants are found to be endemic and many are endangered.
	www.esgindia.org /campaigns/kudremukh/docs/BiodiversitySurvey.htm (769 words)

	WORLDTWITCH - Solomons - Birding the Solomon Islands by Jon Hornbuckle
		We were soon observing endemic parrots and flycatchers on nearby Mount Austen but were alarmed to hear there was trouble in the hills, with Guadalcanalese killing Malaitan settlers who were of course retaliating.
		The endemics are in the hills, so we hired a truck for the hour’s journey to 550m up Mt Alsa’an.
		The two other island groups holding endemics in the Solomons are the Shortlands, for Bougainville Crow and Monarch, and Santa Cruz with 3 white-eyes and a monarch.
	www.worldtwitch.com /solomons_jh.htm (2258 words)

	Africa Environment Outlook - Chapter 2
		Morocco, for example, has 3 675 recorded species of higher plants, and Sudan has 267 recorded species of mammals and 938 recorded species of birds.
		The sub-region has 1 129 endemic species, 22 endemic species of mammals, one endemic bird species, 20 endemic species of reptiles and 4 endemic species of amphibians, with Morocco having the greatest level of endemism (WCMC 1992).
		Tassili d`Ajjer, a highland area in Algeria, where several plant species are recorded as near endemic and one is strictly endemic.
	www.grida.no /aeo/069.htm (352 words)

	The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation is the only non-governmental organization in Mauritius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The bird is still on the endangered species list and the management of its population will have to continue for many years to come in order to ensure its survival.
		Today, out of 45 surviving endemic plant species, the majority are critically threatened and seven species are down to less than 10 specimens in the wild.
		As a result of the work undertaken by the MWF and its partners, Mauritius is at the forefront in the conservation of endangered species and is looked upon as a live laboratory which has set new standards for conservation round the world.
	www.maurinet.com /wildlife.html (1206 words)

	CENTERS OF ENDEMIC TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES AND DIVERSITY IN COLOMBIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		What is more, the endemic species are important indicators for the evaluation of the resilience and complexity of a regional landscape, due to that their small populations ability to withstand their extintion.
		Worldwide distribution records show that there are more than 450 endemic species of terrestrial vertebrates which are found only on Colombian territory, as well as another 300 which are also common to neighboring countries (Guzman,1997, preliminary data).
		Although these species have been known since the last century, with the exception of some bird species, there are still doubts concerning not only their taxonomic identity, but also some details about their population biology, danger of extinction and real distribution.
	www.phil.uni-sb.de /%7Eanguzman (526 words)

	Birding for endemics
		When one refers to the term an endemic species, it means a species that is restricted to a certain region and that can be found nowhere else in the world.
		While chasing some of these target species requires an early start and two or more hours drive from the city, a few days spent accumulating these endemic birds take one into a wide variety of spectacular habitats ranging from sparse semi-desert through coastal strandveld and mountain fynbos to damp montane forests.
		Accompanying this travelling and scenic splendour, of course, is brilliant birding and some truly splendid species, and at the end of it all, a large proportion of the region's endemic species.
	www.zestforbirds.co.za /endemic.html (407 words)

	South African Museum - Endemic Species of Nemesia in the Western Cape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nine species occur in the Cape Peninsula alone.
		All species of Nemesia are characterized by having opposite leaves and two-lipped flowers, the upper lip being four-lobed, and the lower one expanded, usually with one or two protuberances, and generally differently coloured to the upper lip.
		Most species of Nemesia prefer sandy soils and can be seen in flower any time between July and April but mainly during the spring months of August and September.
	www.museums.org.za /sam/resource/botany/nemesia.htm (334 words)

	Endemic Species in Taiwan
		There are sixty-one species of mammals, more than 400 species of birds, 92 species of reptiles, 30 species of amphibians, 140 species of freshwater fish,
		It is so amazing that Taiwan has so many species.
		Now it is the time for you to make a discovery of those endemic species in Taiwan.
	coe.west.asu.edu /students/jpchung/wquest/intro.htm (94 words)

	Where do you want to go birding in Ethiopia today?
		With some 30 endemics, some African species difficult to see elsewhere, and many birds quite approachable, it makes for a birder and digiscoper's paradise.With this illustrated trip list I've added some information on species, etc that may be of use; it's a pretty concentrated trip.
		Information on endemics and specialities is derived from Sibley and Monroe checklists and bird distribution lists in Thayer's Birder's Diary - Version 2.05, supplemented by material found in Where to Watch Birds in Africa - by Nigel Wheatley.
		The endemic, endangered and speciality birds may be uncommon, extremely rare vagrants, may be extirpated in the country now or may only be present in migration.
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/africaethiopia.htm (947 words)

	Darwin Initiative awards grant to project on Climate Change and the conservation of Galapagos endemic bird species
		These endemic bird species have populations of less than 1500 individuals, are listed as threatened by the IUCN - Birdlife International and occur mainly on western Galapagos where most fishing activities currently take place.
		Conflicts often arise due to the different interests of the conservation and fishing sectors; however, their resolution is difficult as information needed for the zoning of the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), or scientifically based management plans, are not available.
		The main objective of the project is the conservation of the three endemic and endangered bird species, and associated biodiversity, by strengthening local capacities for scientific research, practical conservation, ecological monitoring, decision-making and sustainable management.
	www.gct.org /apr03_3.html (841 words)

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