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Topic: Endianness

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	Endianness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		For example, in interpreting data stored in binary format and using an appropriate bitmask, the endianness is important because different endianness will lead to different results from the mask.
		Writing binary data from software, to a common format, leads to a concern of the proper endianness of the storing of data in order for to maintain the integrity of the data stored in that format.
		For example saving data in the BMP bitmap format requires little endian integers - if the data is stored using big endian integers then the data may be corrupted since it does not match the format.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/e/en/endianness.html (708 words)

	Introduction to Endianness - big endian, little endian, byte order, byte swap
		Endianness is the attribute of a system that indicates whether integers are represented from left to right or right to left.
		Little endian means that the least significant byte of any multibyte data field is stored at the lowest memory address, which is also the address of the larger field.
		For that reason, it may be unwise to select a little endian processor for use in a device, such as a router or gateway, with an abundance of network functionality.
	www.netrino.com /Publications/Glossary/Endianness.html (1120 words)

	Byte and Bit Order Dissection
		Little endian is the opposite; it refers to the method of storing the most significant byte of an integer at the highest byte address.
		The endianness of network protocols defines the order in which the bits and bytes of an integer field of a network protocol header are sent and received.
		The endianness of NIC devices usually follow the endianness of the network protocols they support, so it could be different from the endianness of the CPU on the system.
	www.linuxjournal.com /node/6788/print (2548 words)

	code::gallery :: Endianness :: May :: 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In the big endian version, the most significant byte (MSB) is stored in the lowest memory address, whereas in the little endian version the least significant bit (LSB) is stored in the lowest memory address.
		In case of the little endian scheme, the bytes are stored in the order 36 1B 44 and 2D.
		Endianness becomes a critical issue for portable code when it is targetted for multiple architectures.
	codegallery.blogsome.com /2006/05/08/endianness (348 words)

	Hardware Data Access (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Endianness is something that a lot of programs, even in a lower level language such as C, are blissfuly unaware of.
		Endianness is the order in which bytes of a 16-bit or 32-bit value are stored in memory.
		When you are looking at documentation or headers for a PCI device, you need to pay special attention since in a lot of cases, the headers have been reorganized already to account for the 4-bit shuffling, whereas the documentation often refers to things using their unshuffled addresses.
	mojo.calyx.net /~bri/projects/GGI/GGPG/data-access.html (530 words)

	Endianness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computing, endianness generally refers to sequencing methods used in a one-dimensional system (such as writing on computer memory).
		Endianness is simply illustrated by the different manners in which countries format calendar dates.
		One notable counter-example is the German and the Dutch languages which uses Little Endian for numbers between 21 and 99 and mixed Endianness for larger numbers (e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endianness (2849 words)

	UDI Core Specification 1.01 - Endianness Management Utility Functions
		Endianness of data must be managed in any structure that requires a specific endianness which is potentially different from the driver's endianness.
		This includes hardware protocol-defined structures such as SCSI commands (which are big endian) or networking headers (which are generally big endian), shared control structures (DMA-able structures which are shared between the driver and the device, are typically in system memory and in the endianness of the device), or device memory (registers, card RAM, etc.).
		First, protocol structures have a required endianness that is known at compile time, whereas shared control structures have a required endianness which in general is only known at runtime (due to the impacts of intervening bus bridges).
	docsrv.sco.com /UDI_spec/core_spec-23.html (1866 words)

	Endianness assumptions - GNU Pascal priručnik.
		Endianness is also relevant (the more common case) when exchanging data between different machines, e.g.
		Most known data formats have a specified endianness (usually that of the processor on which the format was originally created).
		Note: The endianness in the procedure names refers to the file, not the system – the routines know about the endianness of the system they run on, but you have to tell them the endianness of the file to use.
	www.gnu-pascal.de /gpc-hr/Endianness-assumptions.html (356 words)

	Boost Endian Integers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		An endian is an integer byte-holder with user-specified endianness, value type, size, and alignment.
		Aligned integer operations may be faster (20 times, in one measurement) if the endianness and alignment of the type matches the endianness and alignment requirements of the machine.
		Endian integers have proven widely useful across a wide range of computer architectures and applications.
	mysite.verizon.net /~beman/endian.html (1218 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Endian-Neutral Software, Part 1 \| July 22, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Endian is a processor-addressing model that affects the byte ordering of data and instructions stored in computer memory, and the data's representation provided by a programming language.
		Endian concepts can be confusing since there are different Endian types, different ways to represent these types, and intertwined considerations for both code and data portability between opposite-endian hardware platforms.
		Endianness is not limited to any particular component of a system but can occur wherever data is addressed, retrieved, stored, processed, or transmitted.
	www.ddj.com /184409326?pgno=23 (3363 words)

	Guide to Adding Support for Solaris OS on x86 Platform to Existing Applications Available on SPARC Platform
		Endianness is mandated by the hardware platform used.
		One of the strengths of the Solaris OS is that it handles the endianness issue, so that ISVs or developers do not need to be concerned about how quickly their applications will be available on x86 platforms.
		Another solution to the shared memory problem due to the endianness of the processor is the use of apertures for different endianness.
	developers.sun.com /solaris/articles/support_for_x86.html (5866 words)

	Endian issues for drivers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Intel systems and most peripheral busses use the ``little endian'' model, where the least significant byte is at the lowest address in memory.
		See ``Code fragments for handling byte order (``endianness'')'' for code that can be copied into your driver to provide this functionality.
		UDI handles most endian issues transparently; the platform environment does any byte swapping that may be required.
	docsrv.sco.com /HDK_concepts/ddT_endian.html (453 words)

	Introduction to Endianness
		A big endian representation has a multibyte integer written with its most significant byte on the left; a number represented thus is easily read by English-speaking humans.
		A little endian representation, on the other hand, places the most significant byte on the right.
		A common solution to the endianness problem associated with networking is to define a set of four preprocessor macros: htons(), htonl(), ntohs(), and ntohl(), as shown in Listing 1.
	www.embedded.com /shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=9900450 (1139 words)

	Jeremy Kuhne's Blog : A little more on bytes and endianness (byte order) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Endianness refers to the order used when storing a data type that is comprised of multiple bytes.
		Where on the PC most files' data is written in little-endian, there are still a number of files that have big-endian ordering.
		In my wrapped BinaryReader class I have a property for "endianness" and when I read a type out of the imbedded BinaryReader I check said property for endianness and flip appropriately.
	blogs.msdn.com /jeremykuhne/archive/2005/07/21/441247.aspx (649 words)

	Endianness in the Solaris Operating Environment
		Readers unfamiliar with endianness as applied to programming (as opposed to eggs) will find some needed background in the next section.
		Endianness collision: a program running on a machine of one endianness having to deal with structured data (that is, not simply an array of bytes) exported from an environment of the other endianness
		This paper is intended to help those who may have to deal with endianness issues either in developing a new product or porting an existing product.
	developers.sun.com /solaris/developer/support/driver/wps/endianness/files/c0101.html (714 words)

	Oracle10g Platform Endianness Datafiles Tablespace 10g
		Big endian means the most significant byte comes first, and little endian means the least significant byte comes first.
		If the source platform and the target platform are of different endianness, then an additional step must be taken on either the source or target platform to convert the tablespace being transported to the target format.
		If they are of the same endianness, then no conversion is necessary and tablespaces can be transported as if they were on the same platform.
	www.remote-dba.net /10g_50.htm (322 words)

	Digital Mars - D - Also...
		Endianness causes a lot of problems in XP code.
		As a result endian specifications should be a character of structures rather
		Default endianness is the one that is defined by the system.
	www.digitalmars.com /d/archives/3084.html (1107 words)

	External interface to Fsimg and Fsim
		In such cases the parameters which are passed to the user function are converted to reflect the simulating host endianness and return value has to be converted back from host endianness to the simulating processor's endianness.
		Fsimg detects this mismatch of endianness in parameters and generates code for changing the endianness of parameters before passing to the user function.
		The endianness has to be changed when ever a multi-byte item is loaded from memory to a register or stored to the memory from a register.
	www.cse.iitk.ac.in /research/mtech1997/9711121/all007.html (2373 words)

	The GNU Pascal Manual: Endianness
		Endianness depends on the hardware, especially the CPU.
		Endianness becomes important when exchanging data between different machines, e.g.
		E.g., the Internet uses big-endian data, and most known data formats have a specified endianness (usually that of the CPU on which the format was originally created).
	www.umanitoba.ca /acn/unix/software/vendor_html/gpc/gpc_161.html (387 words)

	Sun Microsystems-Reality Check
		The term "endian" can be traced to Jonathan Swift's novel "Gulliver's Travels." In one of Gulliver's adventures, he encounters an island whose inhabitants bitterly argue over the correct way to open soft-boiled eggs - the little end or the big end.
		Little endians and big endians are each convinced that their method is the only correct method for opening an egg.
		The difficulties surrounding interoperability of different endian systems is apparent when a big endian system attempts to read data stored by a little endian system (or vice versa).
	www.sun.com /realitycheck/headsup980803.html (846 words)

	Guide to porting from Solaris to Linux on POWER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		For example, you need to know if the endianness on the source platform is different from the endianness on the target platform.
		Endianness issues are often encountered during the process of migrating applications from one type of architecture to another.
		Endianness is the ordering of a data element and its individual bytes as they are stored and addressed in memory.
	www.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/l-pow-portsolaris (5168 words)

	When Features Collide
		This is a general rule, applicable when the computer is operating with its native endianness or with reversed endianness, and regardless of the method used to permit operation with reversed endianness.
		In the case of an unaligned operand, when operating with reversed endianness, the CPU is responsible for reversing the order of the parts itself either when assembling an operand that has been fetched from memory, or when preparing an operand for storage.
		Thus, the diagram that shows a little-endian perspective places the bytes in higher memory addresses on the left, which makes the little-endian mode of operation the one in which a number consistently begins with the most significant digit on the left, continuing to the least significant digit on the right.
	www.quadibloc.com /arch/ar0506.htm (1749 words)

	SRFI 74: Octet-Addressed Binary Blocks
		It deals only with integers in various sizes with specified endianness, because these are the most frequent applications.
		Generally, the access procedures come in different flavors according to the size of the represented integer, and the endianness of the representation.
		endianness evaluates to the endianness of the underlying machine architecture, and must be
	srfi.schemers.org /srfi-74/srfi-74.html (906 words)

	Bug 283 - postgis interface has problems with different wkb data endianness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		WKB geometries that are not in the same endianness as mapserver cannot be used.
		For example if we run the SQL server on an intel machine, query a layer with WKB geometry and use that as layer data on a Macintosh, Mapserver dies.
		It turned out that the problem was that the postgis (and opengis simple features standard in general) DO tako into account the endianness of the mapserver running machine, problems rise when the machine does not have one of the 2 standard byte orders (like 4-2-3-1 on some old MIPS machines).
	mapserver.gis.umn.edu /bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=283 (166 words)

	LTI-Lib: lti::endianness Class Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Endianness This class is used to read data from a file with a known endianness.
		This class encapsulates the endianness of the processor used.
		For Unix systems the processor and endianness are determined automatically by the configure script.
	ltilib.sourceforge.net /doc/html/classlti_1_1endianness.html (411 words)

	Natural Sciences Guide to Computing - Byte Endianness Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Unformatted data comprises words of a certain byte length (typically four); the order the bytes are written in each word varies according to the platform.
		This is know as byte endianness; architectures can be either big or little endian.
		If you are trying to use unformatted data on an architecture of one endianess that was written on an architecture of another endianness, you may need to byte-swap the data in each word.
	www.sns.ias.edu /Main/computing.php/?pagename=info/endianness (184 words)

	SELinux Mailing List: by thread
		Portability would be useful for cross-compile environments, for analysis when one has no access to the platform that generated the policy, and for cross-platform deployment of a single binary policy.
		It looks like binary policies are always little endian so portability may not be an issue.
		They are always converted to/from little endian when written/read.
	www.nsa.gov /selinux/list-archive/0509/thread_body7.cfm (4074 words)

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