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Topic: Endochondral ossification

Related Topics

Intramembranous ossification

Epiphysis

Hyaline cartilage

Chondrocyte

Bone

Mesenchymal cell

Periosteum

Diaphysis

Hemopoiesis

Osteoblast

Cell (biology)

Fontanelle

Skull

Synovium

Joint (disambiguation)

	ITAG - Skull Ossification Discussion, Research Information and Scientific Details
		Below is a very detailed scientific discussion about ossification and the human skull, not necessarily as it totally relates to Trepanation, but more for a better understanding as to the overall dynamics of what effects are caused and derived from human bone skull ossification and closing of the cranial sutures.
		Endochondral ossification is a bone formation process that begins within (endo) cartilage (chondral).
		These bones are formed through endochondral ossification, and for this reason the cranial base is sometimes referred to as the chondrocranium.
	www.trepan.com /ossification.html (1954 words)

	Endochondral ossification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During endochondral ossification in the developing fetus, mesenchymal cells aggregate to form a compact grouping of cells in a process called prechondrogenic condensation.
		Prechondrogenic condensation begins the process of endochondral ossification and is required for subsequent skeletal development.
		The first site of ossification occurs in the primary center of ossification, which is in the middle of diaphysis (shaft).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endochondral_ossification (746 words)

	Skeletal System / Bone Development and Growth
		The terms osteogenesis and ossification are often used synonymously to indicate the process of bone formation.
		Endochondral ossification involves the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue.
		Ossification in the epiphyses is similar to that in the diaphysis except that the spongy bone is retained instead of being broken down to form a medullary cavity.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit3_3_bone_growth.html (634 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These endochondral bones are all bones from the base of the skull on down, except the clavicles, and they include the long bones of the limbs, the carpals, tarsals, sternum, limb girdles, and vertebrae.
		Endochondral ossification involves the sequence diagrammed in today’s handout, which you can imagine showing a growing tibia (shin bone).
		Actually, endochondral ossification involves the increase in length of the growing bone, and the bone’s corresponding increase in width has a different mechanism that we will consider later.
	www.wsu.edu /~jmallatt/biol315/Lecture8Jan27,2006.doc (2720 words)

	Mechanobiology in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of articular cartilage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As the secondary ossification center expands radially toward the joint surface, we hypothesize that endochondral ossification stabilizes in response to the tissue's mechanical stress state and that a layer of articular cartilage is progressively defined.
		In the course of endochondral growth and ossification, cartilage undergoes the normal sequence of proliferation, maturation, hypertrophy, calcification, and ossification.
		One angiogenic factor associated with endochondral ossification is transferrin (34), a molecule released by hypertrophic chondrocytes.
	www.vard.org /jour/00/37/2/beaupre.htm (3864 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The process of endochondral ossification cannot occur, however, without the orderly production of a cartilage model upon which to develop, that is, without a normal growth zone of the diaphysis (metaphyseal growth plate) and growth zone of the epiphysis (joint cartilage of the immature animal).
		Following flap immobilization, epiphyseal chondrocytes adjacent to the vascularized fibrotic bone marrow of the secondary center of ossification begin to hypertrophy, marrow capillaries invade, and endochondral ossification is resumed.
		Disruption of endochondral ossification in the metaphyseal growth zone (physis) due to osteochondrosis is thought to be responsible for such disease conditions as retained endochondral cores of the distal ulna and ununited anconeal process and possibly ununited (fragmented) coronoid process, and has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of epiphysiolysis of the femoral head in dogs.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /saortho/chapter_84/84mast.htm (8495 words)

	bc_martini_eap_3\|The Skeletal System\|Embryology Atlas
		Ossification is not completed in certain bones until about twenty-five or thirty years of age.
		Ossification of the vertebral column and ribs begins in the eighth week, continues throughout childhood, and becomes complete in young adulthood.
		At birth, primary centers of ossification occur in all the limb bones except the patella, and carpal and certain tarsal bones.
	wps.aw.com /bc_martini_eap_3/0,7016,453937-,00.html (3515 words)

	Dinosaur anatomy, Dinosaur bones, Dinosaur skeleton, Bones dinosaur, Dinosaur, Dinosaur model, Dinosaur unit
		Intramembranous ossification mostly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull; the bone is created from mesenchyme tissue.
		Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones, such as limbs; the bone is formed from cartilage.
		Endochondral ossification begins with points in the cartilage called "primary ossification centers." They mostly show during fetal development, though a few short bones begin their primary ossification after birth.
	www.rareresource.com /bone.htm (516 words)

	BONE DEVELOPMENT
		Intramembranous ossification takes place in the so-called membrane bones of the skull, while endochondral ossification is characteristic of the bones of the trunk and extremities.
		This type of ossification involves the replacement of a cartilaginous model by bone and is best observed in long bones, such as the humerus or femur.
		The cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification canters is called the epiphyseal plate, and it continues to form new cartilage, which is replaced by bone, a process that results in an increase in length of the bone.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /histology/labmanual2002/labsection1/boneform&synovialjoints03.htm (1411 words)

	The Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Research Foundation
		Evaluation of endochondral bone included (1) the area occupied by trabeculae composed of spicules of calcified cartilage covered by osteoid and newly formed bone, (2) the thickness of these trabeculae, and (3) the percentages of bone and calcified cartilage in these trabeculae.
		Vascular invasion of the hypertrophic cartilage associated with endochondral ossification ccurred in the callus at the interface of bone and cartilage.
		Although histological examination of the fracture calluses from the ciprofloxacin-treated animals showed progressive formation of cartilage and subperiosteal bone and replacement of cartilage by endochondral ossification, histological abnormalities were apparent when the specimens were compared with the fracture calluses from the cefazolin-treated and control animals.
	www.fqresearch.org /tendon_28.htm (5129 words)

	Equine Podiatry \| Dr. Stephen O'Grady, veterinarians, farriers, books, articles
		Invariably, it is related to the process of endochondral ossification and the maturation of cartilage to bone in the developing skeletal system.
		Normal endochondral ossification occurs in the bones of the extremities, vertebral column, pelvis, and base of the skull.
		Another scenario is the thickened cartilage persists without fissuring and becomes surrounded by subchondral bone as adjacent cartilage continues endochondral ossification; the retained cartilage dies resulting in a subchondral cyst-like lesion.
	www.equipodiatry.com /dod.htm (1798 words)

	ossification - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Ossification is the process of bone formation, in which connective tissues, such as cartilage are turned to bone or bone-like tissue.
		Endochondral ossification is one of two types of bone formation (ossification) and is the process responsible for much of the bone growth in vertebrate skeletons, especially in long bones.
		Ossification: The process of creating bone, that is of transforming...
	encarta.msn.com /ossification.html (172 words)

	Bone Formation
		Osteoblasts, used mainly in intramembranous ossification, are the specialized cells in bone tissue that deposit calcium into the protein matrix of bone (collagen).
		Osteoclasts, used in endochondral ossification, dissolve calcium previously stored away in bone and carry it to tissues whenever needed.
		Endochondral ossification forms bone by replacing a cartilaginous model, or precursor, that appeared there earlier in embryonic development.
	members.tripod.com /projectskeletal/boneform.htm (914 words)

	Bones_3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Epiphyseal ossification (endochondral ossification) is the process of converting cartilage into new bone.
		The times that various epiphyseal ossification centers appear (and close) are reliable indicators of the skeletal age and growth patterns throughout childhood.
		While epiphyseal ossification centers are found at the ends of bones, primary ossification centers are located in the center of what will eventually be a long bone.
	www.glaciermedicaled.com /bone/bonepg3.html (713 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - RETAINED ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION OF THE DISTAL ULNAR GROWTH PLATE IN THE DOG
		In retained endochondral ossification cases, evaluation of the analysis results revealed that phosphor lewels were singnificantly higher.
		In cases with retained endochondral ossification following long-term follow-ups of 28 of the cases, the dogs returned to normal, after being fed a balanced diet and given increased exercise and bone growth continued.
		It was concluded that the lesion was not localised to the ulna only and in cases affected by retained endochondral ossification the nutrition factor played a significant role.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00529.htm (305 words)

	eMedicine - Histology of Bone : Article by Yi Jun Yang, MD, PhD
		It is the zone of endochondral ossification in an actively growing bone or the epiphyseal scar in a fully-grown bone.
		While endochondral ossification of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for longitudinal growth of long bones, periosteal deposition contributes to both the length and thickness of long bones, as well as overall growth of flat bones.
		Endochondral ossification in a primary ossification center of fetal chondral model; chondrocytes are hypertrophic.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic403.htm (4916 words)

	Department of Orthopaedics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Specifically, we are interested in the process of endochondral ossification which is an orderly series of events that involve commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the cartilage (chondrocyte) lineage and maturation of these cells through a program of hypertrophy that culminates in cell death.
		Endochondral ossification occurs in each of the situations described above; as such, determining the regulatory aspects of the process will bear directly on our understanding of skeletal development as well as the clinical issues of arthritis and bone healing.
		Our hypothesis is that mesenchymal stem cells recruited to undergo endochondral ossification at the site of healing are altered in their commitment to the chondrocyte lineage due to a specific interaction between nicotine and an expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /ortho/faculty/phdstaff.html (1571 words)

	[No title]
		No, the answer is E. During endochondral ossification, mesenchymal cells become chondroblasts and form a hyaline cartilage model of approximately the shape of the eventual skeletal bones.
		The zones of endochondral ossification as one moves from the epiphysis towards the diaphysis are
		No, the answer is D. The zones of endochondral ossification from the epiphysis towards the diaphysis 1.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/to06.wbc (994 words)

	Ossification -- bone formation, growth, and repair
		Endochondral ossification is the process associated with foetal bone development, day-to-day bone growth, and to a certain extent - fracture repair.
		The replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification.
		This is the type of bone formation found in the development of long bones such as the femur and humerus.
	commons.bcit.ca /biology/ossification/files/ossification2.html (61 words)

	Sandra Shefelbine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Long bones grow by the process of endochondral ossification in which a cartilage template, or anlage, grows and is replaced by bone.
		The purpose of this research was to use finite element models to predict the effects of mechanical factors on growth front progression and bone morphology during endochondral ossification.
		This research used mechanobiological principles to predict the rates of growth and the progression of the growth front in long bones during endochondral ossification.
	guide.stanford.edu /People/shefelbine/shefelbine.html (558 words)

	NKF K/DOQI Guidelines
		Intramembranous ossification is the direct mineralization of vascular connective tissue membrane in the plate-like bones of the skull, facial bones, mandible, and clavicle.
		Endochondral bone formation is the result of ossification of an intermediate cartilage model that is derived from mesenchyme and represents the position and shape of the bone to be formed at that site.
		Ossification proceeds toward the end of the bone and ultimately forms the growth plate (epiphyseal plate or physis) that is the predominant site of longitudinal bone growth.
	www.kidney.org /professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_pedbone/intro.htm (1739 words)

	Ossification Summary
		Ossification is a term that refers to the formation of bone.
		Intramembranous ossification is concerned with so-called mesenchyme cells—cells that have the ability to differentiate into any number of structurally and functionally different tissues.
		Endochondrial ossification can occur during embryonic development as increasingly firmer support is needed for the growing fetus, or can occur well into the teenage years, depending on the bone that is involved.
	www.bookrags.com /Ossification (483 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| FGF9 can induce endochondral ossification in cranial mesenchyme
		During endochondral ossification, the transcription factors Sox9, Sox5 and/or Sox6 are expressed and are involved in the induction of chondrocytes [1].
		In particular, it is not known whether intramembranous ossification is prespecified by the ontogeny of the cranial mesenchyme or is a response to local environmental signals.
		During intramembranous ossification of the flat bones, FGFR1–3 are expressed by the differentiating osteoblasts at the osteogenic fronts and also by the adjacent cartilage [6,7].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-213X/6/7 (6161 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Dexamethasone stimulates expression of C-type Natriuretic Peptide in chondrocytes
		Endochondral ossification begins when mesenchymal cells condense, differentiate into chondroblasts and then proceed successively through the resting, proliferating, and hypertrophic chondrocyte stages in the cartilage growth plate [2,3].
		Most glucocorticoid effects on endochondral bone growth appear to be due to direct regulation of chondrocytes, as opposed to generalized endocrine effects [11,12].
		CNP is expressed by chondrocytes and appears to control endochondral ossification in an autocrine/paracrine manner [19], but the mechanisms regulating CNP expression in cartilage are unknown.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2474/7/87 (3862 words)

	Ossification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ossification is the process of bone formation, in which connective tissues, such as cartilage are turned to bone or bone-like tissue.
		Bone was thus an exaptation from the ossified cartilage.
		Intramembranous ossification: formation of bone from mesenchyme, esp. flat bones found in the skull
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ossification (200 words)

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