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Topic: Endocrine Disruptors

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	Endocrine Disruptors and Children's Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands in the body such as the pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenal glands, the ovaries, and the testes.
		It is unknown how many endocrine disruptors are currently in use because most industrial chemicals have not been tested for their ability to interfere with the endocrine system.
		Several recent trends in human health may be related to endocrine disruptors in the environment: widespread occurrence of neurobehavioral dysfunction at birth and in childhood; an increasing incidence of testicular cancer in young men; an increasing incidence of congenital malformations of the male reproductive tract; the increasing incidence of breast cancer; and declining sperm counts.
	www.childenvironment.org /factsheets/endocrine_disruptors.htm (772 words)

	Endocrine disruptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Endocrine disruptors are exogenous substances that cause adverse biological effects by interfering with the endocrine system and disrupting the physiologic function of hormones.
		One example of the devastating consequences of the exposure of developing animals, including humans, to endocrine disruptors is the case of the potent drug diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen.
		The multitude of possible endocrine disruptors are technically regulated in the United States by many laws, including: the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Clean Water, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the Clean Air Act.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endocrine_disruptor (836 words)

	NRDC: Endocrine Disruptors FAQ
		An endocrine disruptor is a synthetic chemical that when absorbed into the body either mimics or blocks hormones and disrupts the body's normal functions.
		Chemicals suspected of acting as endocrine disruptors are found in insecticides, herbicides, fumigants and fungicides that are used in agriculture as well as in the home.
		Endocrine disruptors enter the air or water as a byproduct of many chemical and manufacturing processes and when plastics and other materials are burned.
	www.nrdc.org /health/effects/qendoc.asp (949 words)

	Questions about Endocrine Disruptors
		By EPA’s working definition, endocrine disruptors "interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis (normal cell metabolism), reproduction, development, and/or behavior." Many endocrine disruptors are thought to mimic hormones.
		Most endocrine disruptors have very low potency as their chemistry is significantly different from the hormones they mimic.
		As many endocrine disruptors are thought to affect sex hormone function, and therefore reproduction, the findings in multigeneration animal studies, currently required for pesticide registration by EPA, can provide strong evidence of the potential for endocrine disruption.
	extoxnet.orst.edu /faqs/pesticide/endocrine.htm (1722 words)

	NRDC: Endocrine Disruption - Overview
		In the case of endocrine disruptors and other developmental toxicants, the timing of exposure may be more important than the dose.
		Suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals are found in insecticides, herbicides, fumigants, and fungicides that are used in agriculture as well as in the home.
		We are working to get endocrine disruptors listed under these important right to know laws so their emissions to air, water, and land can be tracked and reported, and so that if consumers may be exposed they will first be warned.
	www.nrdc.org /health/effects/bendrep.asp (2123 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The primary conclusion drawn by the participants was that "hormone disruptors threatening the survival of animal populations are also jeopardizing the human future." At the end of the meeting, a paper summarizing the work of the meeting was issued.
		This research on endocrine disruptors provides powerful new evidence that may explain the many increases in health problems that are occurring nationwide -increases such as in hormone related cancers, male and female reproductive disorders, infertility and learning disabilities.
		The contribution of exposure to endocrine disruptors to the increases in these health problems needs to be established.
	www.ccaej.org /projects/endocrine.htm (1671 words)

	On Tap Magazine -Cover Winter 2003
		Endocrine disruptors are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that interfere with the balance of normal hormone functions in animals, including humans.
		The number of substances believed to be endocrine disruptors is wide and varied, including both natural and synthetic materials.
		Concern arises because potential endocrine disruptors may be present in the environment at very low levels but still may be able to cause harmful effects.
	www.nesc.wvu.edu /ndwc/articles/OT/WI03/endocrine_disrupt.html (3299 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - Endocrine disrupters
		Conscious of the potential threats from endocrine disruptors to humans and the environment the European Commission adopted a strategy in December 1999 aiming at addressing this pressing issue.
		The subject matter is complex and with this website we seek to provide you with the basic principles on endocrine disruptors and introduce the central issues at hand.
		The tasks of the study are to identify new candidate substances that are LPVC and may have endocrine disrupting properties and to collect data on LPVCs identified in this and previous studies in order to assess the potential of endocrine disruption of each candidate substance.
	ec.europa.eu /environment/endocrine/index_en.htm (184 words)

	Endocrine disruptors — tipping the hormonal scales
		Your endocrine system is one of the most sensitive communication networks — it influences all aspects of your health and well-being, including your reproductive potential, cognitive function, thyroid and metabolism, digestion and hormonal balance.
		The endocrine system is made up of a dozen or so glands, including the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, thymus, pancreas, ovaries and testes, as well as pockets of tissue throughout the body, all of which secrete calibrated amounts of hormones into the blood stream.
		An endocrine disruptor is a synthetic compound that mimics a natural hormone when it is absorbed by the body.
	www.womentowomen.com /detoxification/endocrinedisruptors.asp (4535 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors and Human Health--Is There a Problem? An Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Some of this skepticism was related to the relatively low levels of exposure to synthetic endocrine disruptors, particularly those with estrogenic activity (xenoestrogens), as compared to high dietary concentrations of naturally occurring endocrine-active compounds in fruits and vegetables and their derived food products.
		The potential adverse role of endocrine disruptors in the diet during critical periods of development will depend not only on intake concentrations of these compounds but also on their concentrations in serum and in the fetus.
		The role of endocrine disruptors and human disease has not been fully resolved; however, at present the evidence is not compelling.
	www.junkscience.com /apr00/safe.htm (7099 words)

	Key Action 4 : Environment and Health
		Endocrine disrupters are chemicals that interfere with functions of the endocrine (hormonal) system: they can be natural and synthetic hormones, polychloro-biphenyls, dioxins, furans, DDT persistent pesticides, or chemicals used in detergents or in the plastics industry.
		One hypothesis is that environmental factors such as excess natural hormones or synthetic endocrine disrupters, most likely in combination with other factors, have adverse effects on the developing testes.
		The study expects to provide insight into the mechanisms by which endocrine disrupters exert their effects, and to provide new diagnostic tools for assessing their effects in clinical studies.
	ec.europa.eu /research/quality-of-life/ka4/ka4_endocrine_en.html (411 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors
		They claim that endocrine disruptors are a major threats for the humanity.
		Presented as questions and unbiased answers on endocrine disruptors in a three-level structure of increasing details, this website is definitely the best tool to easily answer your questions on the scientific aspects of endocrine disruptors.
		The endocrine system is a set of glands and the hormones they produce, which help guide the development, growth, reproduction, and behaviour of animals and humans.
	www.clockarium.org /greenfacts/endocrine_disruptors.htm (1192 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors State Activity Page
		Endocrine disruptors or EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals) are external agents that interfere in some way with the role of natural hormones in the body.
		Some of the major endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and the male and female gonads (testes and ovaries).
		S 3178 - Provides for the use of less toxic pesticides and restricts the use of anti-microbial and biopesticides, including those known to be endocrine disruptors.
	www.serconline.org /endoDisrupt.html (1710 words)

	Phthalates Information Center -- Phthalates and Your Health -- Endocrine Disruptors
		Endocrine-active chemicals (sometimes called "endocrine disruptors") received wide publicity in 1996 with the publication of a book dramatizing the impact of accidental chemical spills and other isolated incidents on wildlife - and hypothesizing that humans could also be harmed.
		Given the lack of consensus on the definition and consequence of an endocrine-active effect, the relevance of these lists of alleged endocrine disruptors is in serious doubt.
		Phthalates are frequently referred to as endocrine disruptors, or endocrine mimics, by some anti-chemical lobbies and pressure groups, but those characterizations are highly misleading.
	www.phthalates.org /yourhealth/endocrine.asp (712 words)

	OSH Answers: Endocrine Disruptors
		What distinguishes endocrine glands from other glands is that endocrine glands secrete certain chemical called hormones and other glands produce other chemicals or fluids; for example, lacrimal glands secrete tears, salivary glands produce saliva, and sweat glands produce sweat.
		Understanding the role the endocrine system (and the hormones that they produce) in the normal functioning of the body gives us some indication of the types of problems that might occur when proper endocrine function is disrupted.
		Concern arises because potential endocrine disruptors may be present in the environment at very low levels but still may be able to cause effects.
	www.ccohs.ca /oshanswers/chemicals/endocrine.html (1108 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors : Level 1 - Summary on Endocrine Disruptors
		This study is based on the IPCS "Global Assessment of Endocrine disruptors" (2002)
		However, the fact that high levels of chemicals can impair human health through interferences with the endocrine system, raises concerns about the possible harmful effects of mixtures of so called endocrine disrupting chemicals, even at low background-levels.
		exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has focused on the presence of so-called ‘persistent organic pollutants’ in lakes, rivers and seas.
	www.greenfacts.org /endocrine-disruptors/endocrine-disruptors.htm (925 words)

	Endocrine disruptors
		Endocrine disrupting agents, acting through nuclear receptors, are thus involved in many different pathological situations such as tumor development, metabolic desease and obesity, coronary heart problem.
		Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the normal function of hormones and the way hormones control growth, metabolism and body functions.
		Endocrine Disruptor, Dept. of Food safety and Veterinary Public Health of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita
	www.ens-lyon.fr /LBMC/laudet/nurebase/endocrine_disruptor/endocrine_disruptors.html (1237 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors
		Endocrine Disruptor: This Webpage was compiled by Dr. Lin at The Hormone Research Center (HRC), Korea in the summer of 2004 under the sponsorship of the NIH-MIRT program.
		Concerns regarding the presence of endocrine disruptors in food, water, or other environmental media as well as concerns about the potential risk they pose to humans and wildlife have been growing in recent years.
		Discusses endocrine disruptors, their effects, and what steps the EPA is taking to address the issue.
	snhs-plin.barry.edu /endocrine_disruptors.htm (2432 words)

	ific.org : Endocrine Disruptors: A False Alarm? (NewsBite)
		The scare: Increased reports worldwide of altered endocrine function, such as lowered sperm counts and reproductive abnormalities caused by chemicals, termed "endocrine disruptors." One study that initiated the greatest concern was from Tulane University in 1996 that suggested a 1,600-fold increase in risk of endocrine disruption when relatively small amounts of chemicals were combined.
		The EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee will still develop and implement a screening program for EPA to submit to Congress by August 1999, and the National Academy of Sciences' study is scheduled to be released the end of this year.
		Scientific and regulatory realities are not that simple." It appears that the endocrine disruptors scare may have just been the latest example of placing too much emphasis on one study.
	www.ific.org /foodinsight/1997/so/endocrinenbfi597.cfm (277 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors
		She also has measurable concentrations of endocrine disruptors in her milk that are transferred to the infant.
		The message that endocrine disruptors are present in the environment and have the potential to affect many people over a lifespan has not effectively reached the general public, the scientific community, regulators, or policymakers.
		The magnitude of the problem can be better determined by knowing the distribution of responses to endocrine disruptors by individuals within subsets of the population most at risk, such as pregnant women, developing embryos, fetuses, and newborns, teens, the aged, the ill, or those with pre-existing endocrine disorders.
	www.naturodoc.com /library/women/endocrine_disruptors.htm (2683 words)

	Endocrine Disruptors Group Wade Welshons Research Publications
		Endocrine screening methods workshop report - Detection of estrogenic and androgenic hormonal and antihormonal activity for chemicals that act via receptor or steroidogenic enzyme mechanisms.
		In vitro assessment of endocrine disruptors: Activity of the environmental estrogen bisphenol A at levels of current human exposure.
		Session Chairman (Endocrine Disruption in Humans) and Invited Speaker, The 4th International IBC Conference on Endocrine Disrupters in the Environment, London, UK: "Endocrine disrupting substances in plastics and the risk to human health at low doses", May 12, 1999.
	endocrinedisruptors.missouri.edu /welshons/welshonspubs.html (3399 words)

	Endocrine Disrupters - Find out (free) what they are, what they do, and how to avoid them!
		The endocrine system -- also referred to as the hormone system -- is made up of glands located throughout the body, hormones which are synthesized and secreted by the glands into the bloodstream, and receptors in the various target organs and tissues which recognize and respond to the hormones.
		A variety of chemicals are known to disrupt the endocrine systems of animals in laboratory studies, and compelling evidence has accumulated that endocrine systems of certain fish and wildlife have been affected by chemical contaminants, resulting in developmental abnormalities and reproductive impairment.
		Endocrine disruptors are chemicals which interfere with endocrine system function.
	www.ehso.com /ehshome/endocrinedisrupters.htm (1938 words)

	PEHSU
		Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are environmental chemicals that affect the function of the endocrine system, the system involving the glands and hormones of the body.
		The theory of endocrine disruptors gained credibility from a number of studies demonstrating reproductive problems in wildlife exposed to certain environmental chemicals.
		The family of plant hormones suspected to act as endocrine disruptors (EDs) are called phytoestrogens.
	www.sph.emory.edu /PEHSU/html/exposures/endocrine.htm (3482 words)

	EPA \| Endocrine \| Endocrine Disruptors Research Initiative
		A number of the classes of chemicals suspected of causing endocrine disruption fall within the purview of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) mandates to protect both public health and the environment.
		In 1996, EPA’s Office of Research and Development (ORD) identified endocrine disruption as one of its top six research priorities and developed a risk-based research approach to address some of these uncertainties.
		Determining the extent of the impact of endocrine disruptors on humans, wildlife, and the environment.
	www.epa.gov /endocrine (262 words)

	EDKB What are Endocrine Disruptors
		Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC's) are chemicals that either mimic endogenous hormones, interfere with pharmacokinetics or act by other mechanisms.
		These findings have received considerable attention in the popular press, led to government regulatory actions and expanded research in Europe, Asia and the U.S. Many suspected endocrine disruptors (ED's) are high-volume, economically important chemicals, a factor that magnifies the need for resolution of the scientific issues [Kavlock, 1996 #40; Government, 2001 #1724].
		The estrogen, androgen and thyroid receptors are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are conserved across vertebrates [Glass, 1997 #442; Mangelsdorf, 1995 #249].
	edkb.fda.gov /endodisrupt.html (571 words)

	Chemicals
		Endocrine disruptors are man-made synthetic chemicals and natural phytoestrogens (naturally occurring plant-derived estrogen, a hormone) that interfere with the endocrine systems of humans and animals by mimicking, blocking and/or interfering in some manner with the natural instructions of hormones to cells.
		The major organs of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, the islets of the pancreas, the adrenal glands, the testes, and the ovaries.
		The Endocrine Disruptors Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) which convened between 1997 and 1998, was established to advise the EPA on a strategy for screening and testing new and existing chemicals for their potential to disrupt endocrine functions in humans and wildlife.
	www.thimmakka.org /Articles/Chemicals/chemicals.html (9668 words)

	ACSH > Publications >
		In this report the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) explores the endocrine disrupter hypothesis, which asserts that certain (primarily man-made) chemicals act as, or interfere with, human hormones (specifically estrogens) in the body and thus cause a range of defects and diseases related to the endocrine system.
		Some of the key research findings that propelled the endocrine disrupter hypothesis have been retracted, are not reproducible, or have not been reproduced.
		When examining the endocrine disrupter hypothesis, as with any other hypothesis, it is important to validate studies and novel findings before the media and others publicize them prematurely, exaggerate the evidence, and create undue alarm.
	www.acsh.org /publications/booklets/enddis.html (574 words)

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