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Topic: Endolith

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Extremophile

Xerotolerant

Hypolith

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Halophile

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	Endolith
		An endolith is an extremophile organism (archaea, bacterium, or fungus) that lives inside rock or in the pores between mineral grains.
		Endoliths have been found in rock down to a depth of ~2 miles (3 km), though it is unknown if that is their limit.
		As most endoliths are autotroph[?], they can generate organic compounds essential for their survival on their own from inorganic matter.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/en/Endolith.html (198 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Endolith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An endolith or cryptoendolith is an organism (archaea, bacterium, or fungus) that lives inside rock, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains.
		Endoliths have been found in rock down to a depth of 9,600 feet (3 km), though it is unknown if that is their limit (due to the cost involved in digging so deeply).
		As most endoliths are autotrophs, they can generate organic compounds essential for their survival on their own from inorganic matter.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Endolith (509 words)

	endoliths
		Endoliths have been found inhabiting the Earth's crust at depths up to nearly 3 km (2 miles).
		The discovery of endoliths, and the varied and innovative means by which they acquire nutrients and energy, brings closer the prospect that life arises frequently in the universe.
		Wherever there is internal heat, the presence of some underground water, and a supply of inorganic chemical nutrients, as, for example, there may be on Mars, the large moons of the gas giants, and even comets, then subsurface life may exist.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/E/endolith.html (449 words)

	Endolith Advanced Collection
		Geobiology of a microbial endolithic community in the Yellowstone geothermal environment.
		This Letters to Nature scholarly article presents findings from a study done at Yellowstone's Norris Geyser Basin, the purpose of which was to characterize the endolithic microbial community in the hydrothermal environment.
		For Educators: This endolith collection includes activities, assignments, and reading materials created specifically for educators.
	serc.carleton.edu /microbelife/extreme/endolith/advanced.html (780 words)

	Endolith General Collection
		These rock-dwelling "endoliths" are thought to feed on gases escaping through fractures in deep rock.
		This Natural Environment Research Council PDF gives a general overview of endoliths found in microtubules in silica-rich rock (chert).
		Subjects include general information, genomic resources, thermophilic life, endolithic organisms, bacteria in amber, dry (xerophytic) organisms, radiation tolerance, deep and dark dwelling organisms, life at varied pressures, halophilic organisms, research agencies, the domain Archaea, deep ocean thermal vents, and recommended books.
	serc.carleton.edu /microbelife/extreme/endolith/general.html (882 words)

	Phototrophic Endolith Invasion of Mussel Shells
		However, the interaction of a combination of factors (i.e., erosion of the periostracum, successional sequence of colonists and mechanical properties of the shell) may result in phototrophic endoliths causing severe shell degradation and eventually mussel mortality (Kaehler 1999).
		Also, the presence of endoliths resulted in a marked increase in shell regeneration (which usually could not compensate for rapid endolith-induced shell degradation especially around the site of adductor muscle attachment) and a reduction in the reproductive output of infested individuals (Kaehler and McQuaid 1999).
		Histology: To identify cell morphology of the endolithic cyanobacterium, section shells (5 mm thick) with a diamond saw, followed by fixation in 4% formalin, partially decalcification in 5% acetic acid and thin sectioning with a freezing microtome.After full decalcification, mount on a microscope slide (for details see Kaehler 1999) and examine by phase contrast microscopy.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /sci/shelldis/pages/bgasimu_e.htm (757 words)

	Theses from Uppsala University : 5726 - Cambro-Ordovician microorganisms: acritarchs and endoliths
		The newly established relative age of the lowermost sedimentary succession overlying the Timanian unconformity allows verification of the minimum age of the Timanian deformation and the time-span of the hiatus bound to this unconformity.
		Endoliths occur in the fossil record from the Early Archean and they played an important role in the formation of stromatolites and the process of bioerosion and biodegradation.
		Endoliths that have actively bored into brachiopod shells or carbonate grains (euendoliths), and some that inhabited the cavities inside brachiopod shells (cryptoendoliths) are described.
	publications.uu.se /theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=5726 (503 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Endolith: An organism that lives in microscopic spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains.
		Astrobiologists are particularly interested in studying extremophiles, as many organisms of this type are capable of surviving in environments similar to those known to exist on other planets.
		For example, Mars may have regions in its deep subsurface permafrost that could harbor endolith communities.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Extremophile (741 words)

	Tolerance of endolithic algae to elevated temperature and light in the coral Montipora monasteriata from the southern ...
		the phototrophic endoliths inhabiting the skeleton of Montipora monasteriata,
		Endolithic algae of bleached corals on the reef crest
		Curves are shown for dinoflagellates in a healthy area (triangles), and in a bleached area of the colony (open squares), and endoliths under a bleached area (filled squares) and under a healthy area (open circles).
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/208/1/75 (3880 words)

	Coral endolithic microalgae photosynthesize almost in the dark
		Endolith means “within rock”, so we are describing algae growing within rocks or coral.
		Sufficient light is able to pass through the outside layer of living coral tissue and pass up to 20 mm into the coral skeleton.
		The image on the left is a fl and white image of the internal structure of the coral skeleton, note the dark band about 1/3 of the way in from the outside perimeter (the coral tissue).
	www.science.uts.edu.au /des/StaffPages/PeterRalph/endolithic.html (372 words)

	Endolith - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		New: Biocrawler.com now with the option to add inline videos.
		Endolithic organisms have also been found in regions of low humidity, including the Dry Valleys of Antarctica - see hypolith for more on this variety.
		You can find it there under the keyword Endolith (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endolith)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endolithandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Endolith (321 words)

	Log Book for November 21, 2002
		This was to act as a control, to see if the suspected endolithic organism was also present in non-endolithic environments, and therefore not actually an endolith but more likely contamination, or, even worse, a trick of the microscope optics.
		Accepting that caveat for the moment, it appears that the suspected microorganisms that are more or less ubiquitous amongst the particles scraped from the endolith sample are largely absent in the dry surface sand.
		The next step would be to take the endolith samples back to Earth (aka the Nealson Lab at USC) and see if we can ampliy and sequence certain DNA strands within the suspected microbes, and use these to identify the organism(s).
	www.marssociety.org /MDRS/fs02/1121/sci.asp (766 words)

	Amazon.com: Endolith: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		, the bulk of terrestrial life is endolithic (rock-dwelling), and endoliths pervade the crust down to a depth of ten kilometers...
		by Hyella and the early fossil record by Eohyella, are endoliths, cyanobacteria that etch tiny caves in limestone pebbles, boulders, and...
		Many are endoliths that in nature are capable of penetrating calcareous substrates, where...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Endolith&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (661 words)

	Log Book for March 13, 2005
		I picked a wide variety of sizes to which I plan on donating to Arizona State University for educational outreach for others to appreciate and study.
		Stacy was in search of endolith specimens within the Dakota Formation, she located two samples within a few meters of the concretion site but is awaiting verification from the RST.
		Once confirmed she will begin to map the area surrounding both concretion and endolith sites in order to understand the relationship between these two possible biological regimes.
	www.marssociety.org /MDRS/fs04/0313/geo.asp (433 words)

	25th Annual Eastern Fish Health Workshop
		Corals exist in a dynamic equilibrium with four principal partners: the coral itself, zooxanthellae, endolithic algae that penetrate the coral skeleton, and endolithic fungi that penetrate both skeleton and overlying coral tissue.
		Although the complexity of this consortium has been hinted at for more than a century, most attention has centered on coral-zooxanthellae relationships.
		(1995) reported interaction between corals and fungal and algal endoliths in the massive Pacific coral Porites lobata, and described skeletal deposits ("cones") formed by the coral in response to attack by endolithic fungi.
	www.lsc.usgs.gov /FHB/workshops/25/53.htm (259 words)

	Courses
		Futterer, D.K., 1974, Significance of the boring sponge Cliona for the origin of fine-grained material of carbonate sediments: Journal of Coastal Research, v.
		Harris, P.M., Halley, R.B., and Lukas, K.J., 1979, Endolith microborings and their preservation in Holocene-Pleistocene (Bahama-Florida) ooids: Geology, v.
		Hoffman, E.J., 1985, Distribution patterns of recent microbial endoliths in the inter-tidal and supra-tidal zones, Bermuda: in Curran, H.A. (ed.) Biogenic Structures: SEPM Spec.
	www.wright.edu /geology/People/faculty/cc/courses.htm (693 words)

	Looking for life in all the wrong places - research on cryptoendoliths - Special Issue: The Coming Age of Exploration - ...
		Not until summer could they thaw, rehydrate, and photosynthesize, and then only when midday temperatures were sufficiently high -- and only if, at the same time, water from melted snow still lingered.
		By the early 1980s no other spacecraft had gone to Mars and Martian biology had become a sitting duck for congressional budget cutters.
		Over the years Friedmann has searched for, and found, life in the most unpromising environments on Earth, and his discoveries have profound relevance to the search for life beyond our own planet.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1511/is_n5_v18/ai_19332987 (997 words)

	Microbial Diversity of Cryptoendolithic Communities from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica -- de la Torre et al. 69 ...
		populations of both endolithic communities were relatively simple.
		Friedmann, E. Endolithic microorganisms in the Antarctic cold desert.
		Endolithic blue-green algae in the dry valleys: primary producers in the Antarctic desert ecosystem.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/7/3858 (5458 words)

	Endolith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The main threat to their survival seems not to result from the pressure at such depth, but from the increased temperature.
		The Ocean Drilling Program found microscopic trails in basalt from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans that contain DNA.
		This page was last modified 19:58, 31 October 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endolith (524 words)

	endolith - OneLook Dictionary Search (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word endolith:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "endolith" is defined.
		endolith : Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary, 27th Edition [home, info]
	onelook.com.cob-web.org:8888 /?w=endolith (94 words)

	IngentaConnect Profile of Microbial Community Structure and Presence of Endolith... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		IngentaConnect Profile of Microbial Community Structure and Presence of Endolith...
		The changes in bacterial and archaeal rDNA community structure indicated the possible infiltration of seawater and microorganisms into the rock and strongly suggested the isolation of endolithic microbial communities over the geological history of the rock.
		You will be able to remove this item from your shopping cart at any time before you have completed check-out.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/tandf/ugmb/2002/00000019/00000006/art00001 (304 words)

	NSDL Metadata Record -- Microbial Life - Educational Resources
		Microbial life; Microbial life in extreme environments; Microbial life in marine systems; Online Educational resources; Teachers and students; Teaching and learning; Integrating research and education.
		Acidophile, alkaliphile, anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, obligate anaerobe, endolith, halophile, methaogen, oligotrph, barophile, psycrophile, thermophile, hyperthermophile, toxitolerant, xerophile Alkaline, acidic, extremely cold, extremely hot, hypersaline, under pressure, radiation, without water, without oxygen, anaerobic, anhydrous, altered by humans, astrobiology
		MLER aims to provide a contemporary and expanding collection of resources of expert information about the ecology, diversity and evolution of micro-organisms for students, K-12 teachers, university faculty, as well as for the general public.
	nsdl.org /mr/1030947 (224 words)

	Space and Science News: February 2002
		James Scott and Anurag Sharma of the Carnegie Institution have shown that this best-loved but most mundane of laboratory guinea-pigs can survive and even multiply under the kind of pressures that exist 50 km below the Earth's surface.
		And if something as ordinary as this denizen of human stomachs can eke a living as a deep endolith, how much better will organisms cope that have actually evolved far underground?
		Of course, it does lead to an interesting question: How did E. coli acquire this amazing survival trick?
	www.daviddarling.info /archive/2002/archiveFeb02.html (1507 words)

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