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Topic: Endolymph

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	VESTIBULAR FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:
		The endolymph produced while under the influence is itself influenced by the specific gravity of the blood when it was made.
		The endolymph, however, is a little less dense than usual, reflecting the state of the dilute blood when it was made.
		So now the cupula will sink in t he endolymph, and the spinning, although perceived in the opposite direction as before, is back until blood and endolymph again become equilibrated to their normal specific gravity.
	www.bme.jhu.edu /labs/chb/faq/faq.html (955 words)

	Cause
		The endolymph is formed within the cochlea and circulates throughout the inner ear.
		The mixing of the endolymph and the perilymph causes a “short circuiting” of the inner ear because they are chemically different.
		The reason for the buildup of endolymph is unknown, but it is speculated to be a defect in the absorbance in the endolymphatic sac.
	www.geocities.com /gotmenieres/cause.htm (264 words)

	SIU SOM Histology SSB
		Tissue sections of the cochlea typically contain several appearances of the organ of Corti, as the organ is sliced in each turn of the helix.
		The fluid environment for the organ of Corti is endolymph, which fills the scala media.
		Endolymph is secreted by cells of the stria vascularis, along the scala media of the cochlea.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/ssb/ear.htm (2143 words)

	PPT Slide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Normally, the capula is neither lighter nor heavier than the surrounding endolymph, and, as a result, doesn’t often change its position (i.e., it doesn’t tend to float or sink).
		The endolymph produced while the person is intoxicated is itself influenced by the specific gravity of the blood when it was made.
		However, the endolymph is a little less dense than usual, reflecting the state of the dilute blood when it was being made.
	bridgewater.edu /departments/psychology/sensation/lect006/tsld014.htm (368 words)

	Longitudinal Flow of Endolymph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For many years is was believed that endolymph was "secreted" in the cochlea and was resorbed by the endolymphatic sac.
		Marker is injected without disturbing endolymph volume using iontophoresis, which involves passing a small current (typically 50 nA) through the electrode that ejects the charged ions at a very precise rate.
		If endolymph flowed down the cochlea at 20 nl/min, then the concentrations seen at the two sites would be very different, and the curves would quickly stabilize as a function of time during injection.
	oto.wustl.edu /cochlea/res1.htm (1207 words)

	Location and function of the epithelial Na channel in the cochlea -- Couloigner et al. 280 (2): 214 -- AJP - Renal ...
		In the cochlea, endolymph is a K-rich and Na-poor fluid.
		Na-poor endolymph (1 mM) and Na-rich perilymph (140 mM).
		Observation on the electrochemistry of the cochlear endolymph of the rat: a quantitative study of its electrical potential and ionic composition as determined by means of flame spectrophotometry.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/2/F214 (4994 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The three canals and the vestibule are hollow and contain a fluid called endolymph which moves in response to head movement.
		This double stimulus causes the endolymph to move in a way similar to that produced by rotation of the head.
		These experiments indicate there is more than one explanation for why the caloric test works: when the endolymph is warmed, the fluid expands and moves the cupula, the top of the cochlear duct.
	www.pueblo.gsa.gov /cic_text/health/dizzy/dizzy.txt (6066 words)

	A Pictorial Guide to the Cochlear Fluids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The release of endolymph results in a major disturbance of the normal chemical composition of the perilymph in scala vestibuli.
		For years it was believed that endolymph was secreted in the cochlea and flowed out through the ductus reuniens, to be resorbed by the endolymphatic sac.
		In the normal cochlea the rate of longitudinal endolymph flow is extremely low, so that flow does not make a significant contribution to the homeostasis of ions in endolymph.
	oto.wustl.edu /cochlea/intro4.htm (636 words)

	Howstuffworks "What makes you dizzy when you spin?"
		The movement of the endolymph signals the brain that the head is spinning.
		The brain quickly adapts to the signal because the endolymph begins to move at the same rate that you are spinning and no longer stimulates the hair cells.
		Eventually, the endolymph stops moving, no signals are sent to the brain, your brain determines that your motion has stopped, and you no longer feel dizzy.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question483.htm (636 words)

	eMedicine - Cochlear Function, General : Article by Michael J Ruckenstein, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Therefore, the endolymph and perilymph electrolyte contents are regulated by the local radial flow of electrolytes and not the longitudinal flow of fluids along the length of the cochlea.
		The apical surface of the hair cell functions as a variable resistor, whose impedance is altered by mechanical displacement of the stereocilia.
		Although the hair cells' bodies move with the acoustically stimulated basilar membrane, the stereocilia are surrounded by the immobile endolymph and tectorial membrane.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic361.htm (6130 words)

	Vestibular Senses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The cupula surrounds the hair cells and is itself surrounded by the endolymph.
		As with audition and static balance sense, bending of the cilia is enough to generate a receptor potential in the hair cells.
		In this manner, when you turn your head to the left, the hair cells of one horizontal semicircular canal are thrown into an excitatory state, while those of the other are inhibited.
	distance.stcc.edu /AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units14to17/unit16/vestibul.htm (1168 words)

	DG-DISPATCH: Researchers Determine Streptomycin Dose In Meniere's Patients With Vertigo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is generally believed that homeostasis of endolymph is crucial to the normal function of transduction processes in hearing and balance.
		Injection of artificial endolymph into the cochlea and perilymphatic injections into scala tympani were done for generating the flow of endolymph towards the base.
		Salt said the study showed that cochlear endolymph is almost stationary in the normal state and that the endolymphatic sac can be considered to be a bi-directional overflow valve.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/f42ba.htm (799 words)

	Chemical composition of saccular endolymph and otolith in fish inner ear: lack of spatial uniformity -- Payan et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The volume of sampled endolymph was calculated from the length of the fluid in the calibrated capillary as measured with a
		, and protein concentrations of plasma and saccular endolymph in trout and turbot are given in Table 1.
		Ionic composition of endolymph in teleosts: origin and importance of endolymph alkalinity.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/1/R123 (3966 words)

	Daily variations of endolymph composition: relationship with the otolith calcification process in trout -- Borelli et ...
		Endolymphs were collected as described by Payan et al.
		that the composition of endolymph surrounding the otolith is
		Takagi, Y. Otolith formation and endolymph chemistry: a strong correlation between the aragonite saturation state and pH in the endolymph of the trout otolith organ.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/15/2685 (4501 words)

	A cationic nonselective stretch-activated channel in the Reissner's membrane of the guinea pig cochlea -- Yeh et al. ...
		by endolymph infusion (24) or blockade of the vestibular aqueduct
		Hydrostatic pressure measurements of endolymph and perilymph in a guinea pig model of endolymphatic hydrops.
		Time-related alteration of endolymph composition in an experimental model of endolymphatic hydrops.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/3/C566 (4822 words)

	Hearing and Equilibrium
		Running through the cochlea for its entire length is a plate of bone and an inner tube that is also filled with endolymph.
		The potassium that enters the hair cells must be removed from them and recycled back to the endolymph for hearing to continue.
		Whenever the head is moved, the fluid within the canals lags in its motion so that there is relative motion between the walls and the endolymph.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hearing.html (1267 words)

	Endolymph and perilymph (from human ear) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The perilymph, which fills the space within the bony labyrinth surrounding the membranous labyrinth, is similar, but not identical, in composition to other extracellular fluids of the body, such as cerebrospinal fluid.
		More results on "Endolymph and perilymph (from human ear)" when you join.
		More from Britannica on "Endolymph and perilymph (from human ear)"...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-65043?tocId=65043 (794 words)

	Vestibular (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The endolymph is a special fluid with a high potassium ion concentration, similar to the intracellular potassium ion [K+] in the cytoplasm of the hair cell itself.
		If the head rotation in radians, as a function of time, is described by h(t), and the lagging rotation of the endolymph in the canal is θ(t), then the net rotation of the endolymph in the skull is h(t) - andtheta;(t).
		Considering the viscous resistance of the endolymph in the canal, B, and the resisting stiffness K of the cupula in the ampula of the canal, we have this differential equation, and its "solution" in Laplace transform terms:
	www.engin.brown.edu /courses/en122/Lcturs/CanalMech04.htm (1591 words)

	CURRENT RESEARCH IN MENIERE'S and PROSPER MENIERE
		Early research focused on endolymph which is an inner ear fluid produced by the cochlea and resorbed in by the endolymphatic sac and endolymphatic duct.
		Eventually, the endolymphatic sac is overwhelmed by the overproduction of endolymph.
		Diuretic medications are often used in conjunction with a low salt diet to lower the endolymph's pressure within the inner ear, correcting the endolymphatic hydrops.
	www.backgroundfacts.com /menieres/STEADY.htm (1685 words)

	Daily variations of endolymph composition: relationship with the otolith calcification process in trout -- Borelli et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Daily variations of endolymph composition: relationship with the otolith calcification process in trout -- Borelli et al.
		Daily variations of endolymph composition: relationship with the otolith calcification process in trout
		distal endolymphs and were unchanged in the latter during the
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/206/15/2685 (337 words)

	Chemical composition of saccular endolymph and otolith in fish inner ear: lack of spatial uniformity -- Payan et al. ...
		Chemical composition of saccular endolymph and otolith in fish inner ear: lack of spatial uniformity -- Payan et al.
		Chemical composition of saccular endolymph and otolith in fish inner ear: lack of spatial uniformity
		within the endolymph are involved in the otolithic biocalcification
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/277/1/R123 (324 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The endolymph is typically 80 mV positive relative to the perilymph.
		Endolymph, however, is unusual—it has a high potassium concentration, similar to that of cytoplasm.
		The most important ion channel in the apical membrane is a mechanically gated channel that opens in response to movement and allows potassium ions to pass through the membrane.
	eatworms.swmed.edu /~leon/core/spring/electricity_problem.ppt (1438 words)

	Lack of pendrin expression leads to deafness and expansion of the endolymphatic compartment in inner ears of Foxi1 null ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ionic composition of the endolymph is a prerequisite for normal
		of the endolymph as the underlying cause of this phenotype.
		osmotic pressure and ionic composition of the endolymph.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/9/2013 (7344 words)

	Endolymph -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(The bodily fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear) Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.
		Disruption of the endolymph due to jerky movements (like driving over bumps while riding in a car) can cause (The state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle) motion sickness.
		Also called (Click link for more info and facts about Scarpa's fluid) Scarpa's fluid.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/en/endolymph.htm (81 words)

	endolymph - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "endolymph" is defined.
		Endolymph : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include endolymph: barany's theory of endolymph flow, bárány's theory of endolymph flow, báránys theory of endolymph flow
	www.onelook.com /?w=endolymph (179 words)

	Glossary of medical terms related to communications disorders - Questionz.net , answers to all your questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ear wax - yellow secretion from glands in the outer ear (cerumen) that keeps the skin of the ear dry and protected from infection.
		Endolymph - fluid in the labyrinth (the organ of balance located in the inner ear that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule).
		Hair cells - sensory cells of the inner ear, which are topped with hair-like structures, the stereocilia, and which transform the mechanical energy of sound waves into nerve impulses.
	www.questionz.net /Medical_Terms.html (3562 words)

	Mach-Breuer theory (www.whonamedit.com)
		A theory to explain the reactions of the vestibular organ: at the beginning and end of a rotation of the head there occurs, in the semi-circular canals of the ear, an endolymph shift that moves the hairs of cristae ampullares and elicits the vestibular reactions.
		Ernst Mach, in Prague, experimented on himself, while Josef Breuer's experiments were done on deaf persons.
		See also Bárány’s theory of endolymph flow, under Robert Bárány, Austrian-Hungarian/Swedish physician and otologist, 1876-1936.
	www.whonamedit.com /synd.cfm/3246.html (187 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6340739 - Evidence for a perilymphatic origin of the endolymph: application to the pathophysiology of Meniere`s disease
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Evidence for a perilymphatic origin of the endolymph: application to the pathophysiology of Meniere`s disease
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6340739 (126 words)

	A genetic approach to understanding inner ear function -- Battey 106 (12): 1431 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		In the cochlea, stereocilia are bathed by endolymph, an extracellular
		stereocilia are deflected, potassium from the endolymph flows
		potassium from the depolarized hair cells back into the endolymph.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/106/12/1431 (1581 words)

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