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Topic: Endoscope

	Endoscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many endoscopic procedures are relatively painless and only associated with mild discomfort, though patients are sedated for most procedures.
		colon (colonoscopy), the endoscope is used to examine the colon.
		The first endoscope, of a kind, was developed in 1806 by Philip Bozzini with his introduction of a "Lichtleiter" (light conductor) "for the examinations of the canals and cavities of the human body".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endoscopy (758 words)

	Endoscopic, Endoscope Surgery Information
		Endoscopic surgery has been used for decades in a number of different procedures, including gallbladder removal, tubal ligation, and knee surgery.
		An endoscope consists of two basic parts: A tubular probe fitted with a tiny camera and bright light, which is inserted through a small incision; and a viewing screen, which magnifies the transmitted images of the body's internal structures.
		However, with endoscopic surgery, your scars are likely to be hidden, much smaller and some of the after effects of surgery may be minimized.
	www.drzevon.com /ASPS/endoscopic.html (1486 words)

	AllRefer.com - endoscope (Medicine) - Encyclopedia
		Usually consisting of a fiber-optic tube attached to a viewing device, endoscopes are used to explore and biopsy such areas as the colon and the bronchi of the lungs.
		Endoscopes employing miniature television cameras and tiny surgical implements now allow exploration and endoscopic surgery through small incisions; such surgery is much less traumatic to the patient than traditional open surgery.
		Laparoscopic surgery, in which the endoscope is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen or chest, is used to correct abnormalities of the ovaries and as an alternative to traditional gall bladder and chest surgery.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/endosco.html (211 words)

	Guidance for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Ear, Nose, and Throat Endoscope Sheaths Used as Protective ...
		Endoscopes are commonly used in the examination of the ear, nose and throat.
		Endoscopes, as used in ENT practice, are considered to be semi-critical devices as they come in contact with mucous membranes, which may or may not be intact.
		Following removal of the endoscope/sheath from the challenge and withdrawal of the endoscope, the interior surface of the sheath and the surface of the endoscope are rinsed and the wash is assayed for test organisms.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/ode/guidance/954.html (5511 words)

	Nanoptics, Inc. - Fiberoptic Tutorial - Fiber Optic Tutorial - World Leader in Custom Plastic Fiber Optics
		The endoscope is an optical instrument used for viewing internal organs through natural openings (ear, throat, rectum, etc.) or through a small incision in the skin.
		In flexible endoscopes, a bundle of precisely aligned flexible optical fibers is used, while in rigid endoscopes the image is conveyed by a relay of lenses.
		Endoscopes can be divided into two distinct categories according to their medical application (Katzir, 1989), even though principles of operation and basic features are similar.
	www.nanoptics.com /tutorial.htm (2445 words)

	Infection Control Today - 11/2000: Endoscope Repair Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Understanding the functional components of an endoscope and where critical mistakes in its repair may be made -- from eyepiece to distal tip -- enables endoscope users to identify improper repairs and their potential impact on performance, patient outcomes, and hospital liability.
		Another possible concern is elongation of the endoscope shaft as a result of repair, presenting the potential for direct patient harm during electrocautery.
		Endoscopes with replacement oculars from unauthorized repair facilities may suffer from a significant loss in both depth of field and edge-to-edge clarity if an incorrect ocular is used.
	www.infectioncontroltoday.com /articles/0b1instrument.html (2542 words)

	Veterinary Endoscope and Otoscope from Medit Endoscopy
		The first endoscope, of a kind, was developed in 1806 by Philip Bozzini but such a device was not introduced into a human until 1853.
		An endoscope is a device using fiber optics and powerful lens systems to provide lighting and visualization of the interior of a joint.
		Endoscopes may be used in conjunction with a camera or video recorder to document images of the inside of the joint or chronicle an endoscopic procedure.
	www.endoscopy4vet.com (1562 words)

	AORN Journal: Rigid endoscopes—ensuring quality: before use and after repair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An endoscope used during only one procedure typically will be handled by a minimum of six people, including the scrub person; circulating nurse; surgeon; and personnel responsible for decontamination, prep and pack, and transport.
		Considering the number of procedures a single endoscope may be used for, the conditions of washing and sterilization, and the number and variety of people who handle the endoscope, it is easy to see how damage can occur.
		Finally, the endoscope may be directed at an object across the room or at a piece of paper with writing on it to determine resolution quality.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FSL/is_1_80/ai_n6113194 (1514 words)

	endoscope on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Novel use of a Leyla-Yasargil retractor as an endoscope holder during endoscopic sinus surgery.
		Stuart Spechler holds an endoscope, which is used to view the inside of a patient's esophagus and stomach.
		Un endoscope Le cancer de la vessie, qui tue chaque année 3.300 personnes en France, pourrait d'ici quelques années faire.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/e1/endosco.asp (733 words)

	Endoscope disposable sheath - Patent 4741326
		Endoscopes are generally used for observing inside bodily cavities through an illuminating object.
		As endoscopes are used for examining bodily cavities, it is considered necessary to sterilize these devices after each use.
		It is an object of the invention to provide a disposable protection device compatible with all endoscopes which eliminates the need for sterilization, while at the same time permits communication between the body cavity and the endoscope.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4741326.html (2504 words)

	Multichannel endoscope - Patent 4146019
		Multichannel endoscopes are in wide use for examination of the inner surface of a body cavity, such as the stomach wall.
		The endoscope has a flexible tube which is inserted into the body cavity and typically carries one or two bundles of fiber-optic fibers providing illumination and another bundle of fiber-optic fibers for viewing.
		The endoscope of the invention with the plurality of tubes permits the operator to perform a plurality of procedures at the same time or in sequence while using the single instrument.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4146019.html (1280 words)

	FDA and CDC PUBLIC HEALTH ADVISORY:
		Endoscope users should be aware that FDA requires certain information in the labeling of these devices.
		In the absence of specific technical instructions on automated reprocessing for each model of endoscope used in your facility, be sure to follow the endoscope manufacturer’s manual reprocessing instructions as well as the recommendations of the manufacturer of the chemical germicides used at your facility.
		Records of the use of each endoscope, showing the patient upon whom it was used, the type of procedure involved, and the system used to reprocess the endoscope.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/safety/endoreprocess.html (1484 words)

	ENDOSCOPE BRIGHTENS FUTURE FOR DAMAGED TEETH - AAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the images produced by the endoscope, endodontists can easily see tooth fractures, calcifications, blockages and decay in the pulp chamber and root canals, and can find their way around the curved, narrow and hardened canals that make root canal procedures difficult.
		Shulman has developed a technique by which the endoscope remains steady or fixed within the tooth, allowing the endodontist to more easily perform the standard root canal procedure.
		The Association was founded in 1943 to promote the interchange of ideas, to stimulate research and to encourage the highest standard of quality care in the practice of endodontics.
	www.aae.org /pressroom/releases/newsendoscope.htm (547 words)

	AllRefer Health - Endoscope
		An endoscope is a device with a light attached, used to look inside a body cavity or organ.
		The scope is inserted through a natural opening, such as the mouth during a bronchoscopy, the rectum for a sigmoidoscopy, or the vagina for a cystoscopy.
		A medical procedure using any type of endoscope is called endoscopy.
	health.allrefer.com /health/endoscopic-info.html (257 words)

	May 2000 - How to Care for Your Flexible Endoscopes in 6 Easy Steps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When the endoscope is not being used, it is vital that the instrument be stored in such a manner as to maintain its disinfected state.
		Cleaning and care of endoscopes is an area that is fraught with misconceptions and debate, but this six-step process has served us well in avoiding complications.
		Because endoscopes do not normally come in direct contact with the bloodstream or other sterile areas of the body, they are classified as semi-critical items.
	www.outpatientsurgery.net /2000/os05/os05f7.htm (1619 words)

	Endoscope Reprocessing Website: Module 5.4 Manual Cleaning
		Brush all accessible endoscope channels including the body, insertion tube and the umbilical cable or universal cord of the endoscope.
		Immerse the endoscope and its internal channels for the contact time specified on the label of the enzymatic detergent.
		Removing water from all channels and the exterior of the endoscope prevents dilution of the biocide used for disinfection.
	www.health.qld.gov.au /EndoscopeReprocessing/Module54.htm (815 words)

	Ophthalmology Times: Endoscope makes visualization for subretinal surgery easier : Device provides superb subretinal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frankfurt, Germany--A new endoscope (Gradient Index Endoscope, Insight Instruments Inc., Sanford, FL) provides a high-resolution subretinal image and has multiple capabilities incorporated into the combination handpiece/probe.
		Great advances have been made in the use of endoscopes since their introduction in 1934, when the diameter of the endoscope was about 8 mm.
		As late as 1991, when a micro-video camera was combined with an endoscope, the diameter of the endoscope shaft was between 1.2 and...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:87017903&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (202 words)

	Ear, Nose & Throat Journal: Novel use of a Leyla-Yasargil retractor as an endoscope holder during endoscopic sinus ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When performing endoscopic sinus surgery, surgeons usually hold the rigid endoscope in their weak hand and manipulate the instruments with the other.
		The endoscope is inserted through the ear speculum, and the speculum is filled with the plaster or dental molding material.
		The endoscope is then re inserted through the speculum, placed into the nose, and fixed in any position the physician prefers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BUM/is_4_83/ai_n6077740 (409 words)

	NOVA Online/Odyssey of Life/Behind the Lens: Interview with Lennart Nilsson
		One of the pictures was the face of an embryo inside the uterus taken with an endoscope with an electronic flash.
		And I remember that the editors wanted to have a witness to say that this was really the case, because it was a very sharp picture of the just the face, the head of the fetus inside the womb.
		They have made an endoscope with a diameter of 0.6 millimeters and one that is 0.8 millimeters.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/odyssey/nilsson.html (1815 words)

	OA&MM Logistics - SDC - Flexible and Rigid Endoscope Repair Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A: Endoscopes are miniature, elongated microscopes that physicians use to perform minimally invasive procedures on patients - in their hollow organs or internal canals.
		Flexible endoscopes contain either an electronic video camera chip or glass fibers to produce or "return" images for the physician to view.
		A: VA decided to open an in-house endoscope repair service after calculating that the cost of repairing flexible endoscopes alone exceeded $5 million a year.
	www1.va.gov /oamm/sdc/endofaqs.htm (934 words)

	REDWOOD CITY / Endoscope hygiene a growing problem / But experts say it's unlikely a patient would get hepatitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The problem with endoscopes that Kaiser reported is the eighth such incident in California in the last 18 months.
		An endoscope is a long, thin tube fitted with a camera that is inserted into a patient's upper and lower digestive system to look for ulcers, tumors or other signs of illness.
		Because of their delicate parts, endoscopes must be cleaned using a series of complex steps involving enzymes, disinfectants, flushing and manual brushing.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/09/10/BAG8O8MKOS1.DTL (583 words)

	Viewing Ocular Tissues with A Stereoscopic Endoscope Coupled to a Head Mounted Display (HMD)
		To master the skills required to perform endoscopic procedures, a surgeon must reprogram their natural skills coupling visualization with handmovements to this more complex interface.
		Regardless of the difficulties of endoscopic surgery, once perfected, the advantages to the patient are considerable.
		The two endoscopes were clamped together with a six degree convergence angle as more accurate manipulation tasks require some image overlap, 11.
	www.hitl.washington.edu /publications/heacock (3218 words)

	Veterinary Endoscope and Otoscope from Medit Endoscopy
		S Our goal is to provide you with the best endoscope equipment that is suitable, affordable and comfortable to use in veterinary medicine.
		Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure used to evaluate the interior surfaces of an organ by inserting a small scope in the body, usually through a natural body opening.
		This port may also be used to introduce small folding instruments such as forceps, scissors, brushes, snares and baskets for tissue excision (removal), sampling, or other diagnostic and therapeutic work.
	veterinary-endoscope.com (1545 words)

	Endoscope Repair:
		Maintaining properly functioning endoscopes is an absolute necessity in every facility or suite in which endoscopic procedures are performed.
		Endoscopes also have a minimum radius that they can be put in without causing damage to the insertion tube or its internal components including biopsy channels, air/water channels, or fiberoptic bundles.
		Make sure that the parts used to repair your endoscope are designed specifically for that scope, because scopes are designed as a unit with components that are expected to work interdependently to provide optimum clinical performance.
	www.endonurse.com /articles/521feat1.html (1697 words)

	Q-Net's position on endoscope drying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		If I were to 'rinse' any of my endoscopes in alcohol and blow dry them, they would not be sterile, for sure.
		Possibly, if the recommendation of rinsing the endoscope with 70% alcohol followed by forced air drying and proper storage had been followed, these recent reports of multiple patient injuries and a fatality, some of which were caused by waterborne microorganisms, might have been avoided.
		In short, whenever an endoscope is processed using an automated system that immerses the endoscope in a liquid chemical sterilant, drying the endoscope is recommended to prevent bacterial colonization during storage.
	www.myendosite.com /htmlsite/position.asp (463 words)

	Allen-Vanguard Security Catalogue > Search Equipment > Flexible Endoscope Search Kits
		These Endoscopes are available in two and four-way articulating versions and feature a unique patented over-torque design to protect the Endoscope from damage.
		These Endoscopes are suitable for general pupose search applications where it is not essential that the shaft of the instrument to be non-metallic.
		The Endoscope shaft is enclosed in a stainless steel monocoil wrapper to provide crush-resistance while maintaining flexibility, and safety-sealed against moisture.
	catalogue.pwallen.co.uk /Catalogue/SE/48/41150.html (713 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Technology \| Vietnam medic makes DIY endoscope
		In Vietnam, there is a shortage of endoscopes, with normally only one in each province.
		Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the interior surfaces of an organ by inserting a small scope in the body.
		Instead he spent two years developing a DIY endoscope to peer inside the bodies of patients without the need for surgery.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/technology/4145984.stm (492 words)

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