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Topic: Endothelial cells

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	Blue Histology - more about Endothelial Cells
		Endothelial cells are selective filters which regulate the passage of gases, fluid and various molecules across their cell membranes.
		Macrophages (scavenger cells) are mostly derived from monocytes, which are leucocytes produced in the bone marrow, travel in the blood and pass through endothelial cells to gain access to various tissues of the body.
		It has long been realised that the endothelial cells become "injured" either physically by abrasion or toxic insult (such as from nicotine) and large molecules, which are normally confined to the blood, are allowed to escape through the endothelium and become lodged in the smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /mb140/MoreAbout/Endothel.htm (1220 words)

	Endothelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The endothelium is the layer of thin, flat cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
		Endothelial cells also control the passage of materials — and the transit of white blood cells — into and out of the bloodstream.
		Endothelial dysfunction, or the loss of proper endothelial function, is a hallmark for vascular diseases, and often leads to atherosclerosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endothelium (222 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Fluorescence Microscopy Digital Image Gallery - Bovine Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (BPAE Line)
		Endothelial cells are a special type of epithelial cell that line the blood and lymph vessels and cavities of the heart.
		The cells usually exhibit flat, elongate forms, and when they occur in the lining of the pulmonary arteries, they are typically positioned in such a manner that their long axes are oriented parallel to the blood flow direction.
		Immunofluorescent Labeling of Bovine Artery Cells with Alexa Fluor 488 and Soybean Agglutinin - Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to soybean agglutinin was utilized to immunofluorescently label terminal alpha- and beta-N-acetylgalactosamine and galactopyranosyl residues in a culture of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/fluorescence/cells/bpae/bpae.html (520 words)

	Researchers learn how blood vessel cells cope with their pressure-packed job
		Shu Chien, left, a UCSD professor of bioengineering, and research scientist Shunichi Usami adhered endothelial cells to a transparent layer of silicone rubber, a sample of which is being held by Usami, and stretched the cells from 1 percent to 10 percent of their length.
		Actin also gives virtually all cells their ability to make an internal "cytoskeleton." The stress fibers of endothelial cells in arteries are aligned parallel to the long axis of blood vessels, and this alignment is perpendicular to the direction of rhythmic stretching caused by a beating heart.
		An unstretched cell, top, produced "stress fiber" filaments in random directions, but as the stretching increased from 3 percent of a cell length, middle, to 10 percent of a cell length, stress fibers were increasingly likely to be aligned perpendiculat to the stretching force.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-10/uoc--rlh102405.php (1027 words)

	Endothelial Stem Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering.
		The cells express endothelial cell markers in a pattern similar to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, their junctions are correctly organized, and they have high metabolism of acetylated low-density lipoprotein.
		With further studies, these cells could provide a source of human endothelial cells that could be beneficial for potential applications such as engineering new blood vessels, endothelial cell transplantation into the heart for myocardial regeneration, and induction of angiogenesis for treatment of regional ischemia.
	www.grg.org /EndoStemCells.htm (271 words)

	The binding of high molecular weight kininogen to cultured human endothelial cells -- van Iwaarden et al. 263 (10): ...
		to cultured human endothelial cells derived from the umbilical cord was
		Expression and colocalization of cytokeratin 1 and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on endothelial cells
		Isolation and Characterization of the Kininogen-binding Protein p33 from Endothelial Cells.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/263/10/4698 (874 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Fluorescence Microscopy Digital Image Gallery - Mouse Hemangioendothelioma Endothelial Cells (EOMA ...
		Hemangioendotheliomas are commonly characterized by vein dilation and congestion accompanied by inactive endothelial cell nuclei and intermittent thrombi or phleboliths.
		Mouse Hemangioendothelioma Cells Triple Labeled with Alexa Fluor 633, MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos, and SYTOX Green - A log phase culture of EOMA endothelial cells was stained for filamentous actin with Alexa Fluor 633 conjugated to phalloidin and for mitochondria with MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos.
		The cells were also treated with the probes MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos and Hoechst 33342 to target mitochondria and DNA in the cell nucleus.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/fluorescence/cells/eoma/eoma.html (512 words)

	Circulating endothelial cells: tea leaves for renal disease -- Segal et al. 283 (1): 11 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
		Endothelial cells, interposed between blood and tissue, are affected by perturbations occurring in both the plasma and subendothelium.
		cell apoptosis in vitro caused by proteinase 3 (101).
		In vitro up-regulation of E-selectin and induction of interleukin-6 in endothelial cells by autoantibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/283/1/F11 (6012 words)

	PDGF-BB induced chemotaxis is impaired in aged capillary endothelial cells. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Endothelial cells isolated from wound sponges implanted in aged (24-month-old) and young (2-month-old) rats were tested for their chemotactic response to the BB isoform of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB).
		Endothelial cells from both old and young rats migrated in a dose-dependent (0.1-3.0 ng/ml) manner in response to PDGF-BB.
		These results suggest that the impaired angiogenic response in the healing of wounds of the aged is due to altered endothelial cell reaction to the growth factors in the wound microenvironment.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8057689.html (214 words)

	Isolation and Characterization of Human Tumor-Derived Capillary Endothelial Cells: Role of Oncofetal Fibronectin
		The dishes were incubated for 5 to 7 days, and the colonies of endothelial cells arising in the culture dishes as well as the contaminating nonendothelial cells (tumor cells and fibroblasts) were detached by trypsin (0.1% w/v), centrifuged, and resuspended in PBS + 1% BSA at the concentration of 106/ml.
		The percentages obtained of endothelial cells binding the UEA-1 or the monoclonal antibody anti-cd31 were highly variable according to the tumor specimen.
		In contrast, substantial morphologic differences were noted when cultures reached respective confluences: whereas normal adrenal capillary endothelial cells typically formed a very homogeneous monolayer, tumor-derived endothelium appeared very heterogeneous in cell shape, and giant cells were particularly evident because cultures were at their initial stage (data not shown).
	info.med.yale.edu /labinvest/abstracts/98months/9801jan/0198_BM01.htm (2114 words)

	Summary of 2002 ACR Basic Research Conference
		Such progenitors may be important cells for vasculogenesis, the process in which new blood vessels are generated from cells from a distance, and/or angiogenesis, the process in which new blood vessels are formed by sprouting from existing vessels.
		Keller discussed two sources of adult stem cells: bone marrow progenitors with pluripotent characteristics, and stem cells that circulate, may be present in bone marrow, and differentiate into endothelial cells.
		Further studies are required to improve vessel function in vivo, to translate culture techniques developed for animal cells to cells derived from human patients, and to use adult cells or adult stem cells with prolonged life span as a source of cells for endothelial and smooth muscle components of the graft.
	www.rheumatology.org /educ/sessions/02BRC/02BRCSs5.asp?aud=home (955 words)

	Oxidant stress and endothelial cell dysfunction -- Lum and Roebuck 280 (4): C719 -- AJP - Cell Physiology
		junctions of bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayer (4, 85).
		These acute endothelial responses to ROS are proposed mechanisms that lead to decreases in cortical actin band, increased stress fibers, increased endothelial surface adhesiveness (upregulation of luminal adhesion molecules), and loss/disassembly of tight and adherens junctions.
		and ICAM-2 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 (216).
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/4/C719 (7669 words)

	The bloody fate of endothelial stem cells -- Kubo and Alitalo 17 (3): 322 -- Genes and Development
		After the embryonic differentiation of the arterial and venous endothelial cells (BEC), lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are generated from the latter.
		migration of mesodermal precursor cells to the extraembryonic
		Emmel, V.E. The cell clusters in the dorsal aorta of mammalian embryos.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/17/3/322 (5268 words)

	Ritonavir damage to endothelial cells may explain its adverse vascular effects
		Because endothelial injury is a major contributor to atherosclerosis, the findings suggest that protease inhibitors "may be associated with cardiovascular complications by the mechanisms of metabolic disturbance and endothelial injury," Dr. Changyi Chen, professor of surgery at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, told Reuters Health.
		In in vitro studies, Dr. Chen and colleagues observed that the viability of human endothelial cells decreased according to the length of exposure to ritonavir and the dose.
		The principal mechanism of ritonavir-induced cell death seems to be the cell necrosis pathway, the researchers report.
	www.aidsmeds.com /news/20021025scie001.html (498 words)

	ASTP Meeting Abstracts 1997 py355492.htm The Effect of Endothelial Cells On The Activation of Lymphocyte Stat6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		We have recently proposed a novel function for endothelial cells (EC) that involves the "priming" of T cells for enhanced responses to antigen and cytokines within inflamed tissues.
		Priming of T cells occurs in two ways, first via the activation of transcription factors involved in cytokine gene regulation, and second via the induction of cell surface receptors that enable T cells to respond to cytokines in the tissue.
		T cells were driven to maximal proliferation with PHA (1ug/ml) and were cultured alone or in combination with endothelial cells.
	www.a-s-t.org /abstracts97/py355597.htm (373 words)

	Journal of Inflammation \| Full text \| Oxidative stress increases Fas ligand expression in endothelial cells
		Endothelial cells express Fas but are normally resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis [3,4].
		Previous studies have shown that increased oxidative stress induces FasL expression by T-lymphocytes [8], microglial cells [9], and intestinal epithelial cells [10], suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the FasL-mediated apoptotic mechanism of Fas-bearing target cells.
		Since endothelial cells are targets of the oxidative stress generated by inflammatory cells, endothelial cells themselves, and exogenous pro-oxidants, such as hyperoxia and cigarette smoke [11], we investigated whether oxidative stress up-regulates FasL expression in endothelial cells.
	www.journal-inflammation.com /content/3/1/11 (3288 words)

	Metronomic chemotherapy: Low-dose chemotherapy for advanced cancers - MayoClinic.com
		Unfortunately this interval between treatments also allows the cells that help supply oxygen and nutrients to a tumor (endothelial cells) time to heal and regenerate so they can revive the cancer cells.
		Endothelial cells are found in the tumor's blood vessels.
		But endothelial cells are genetically stable, which means they don't mutate and can't become drug resistant.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/metronomic-chemotherapy/CA00077 (779 words)

	Endothelia Cell Apoptosis Increased in Obstructive Sleep Apnea \| News \| Sleep Review
		High numbers of circulating apoptotic endothelial cells may explain the endothelial dysfunction seen in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), according to a report in the June 1st issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
		El Solh and associates investigated the association between circulating apoptotic endothelial cells and vasomotor in 14 men with OSA and 10 healthy controls.
		After 8 weeks of continuous positive-airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, circulating apoptotic endothelial cell numbers were significantly reduced in almost all OSA patients, the researchers note.
	www.sleepreviewmag.com /news/2007-06-18_01.asp (308 words)

	Endothelial Apoptosis: Could It Have a Role in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Disease? -- Stefanec 117 (3): 841 -- ...
		Oxidized LDL is one of the best-described endothelial
		Yang, JJ, Kettritz, R, Falk, RJ, et al (1996) Apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by the neutrophil serine proteases proteinase 3 and elastase.
		Hébert, MJ, Gullans, SR, Mackenzie, HS, et al (1998) Apoptosis of endothelial cells is associated with paracrine induction of adhesion molecules: evidence for an interleukin-1ß-dependent paracrine loop.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/117/3/841 (6438 words)

	Actin filament stress fibers in vascular endothelial cells in vivo -- Wong et al. 219 (4586): 867 -- Science
		The stress fibers were oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow and were prominent in endothelial cells from regions exposed to high-velocity flow, such as the left ventricle, aortic valve, and aorta.
		Involvement of RhoA/Rho Kinase Signaling in VEGF-Induced Endothelial Cell Migration and Angiogenesis In Vitro.
		Alterations in Endothelial F-Actin Microfilaments in Rabbit Aorta in Hypercholesterolemia.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/219/4586/867 (748 words)

	Embryonic endothelial progenitor cells help overcome MI in pigs
		In this study, we investigated embryonic endothelial progenitor cells as therapy for ischemia reperfusion injury in a large animal model (pig).
		Endothelial progenitor cells are cells which are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and replace the inner vascular wall.In this study, we used 5x106 embryonic endothelial progenitor cells, a number relatively modest with respect to the size of the targeted infarct region.
		However, a similar cell line might be derived from human embryonic stem cells, and become a helpful tool for ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart in the future.
	www.pharma-lexicon.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=12730 (449 words)

	Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Mainly Derived From the Monocyte/Macrophage-Containing CD34- Mononuclear Cell Population ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		from the hemangioblast or from hematopoietic stem cells.
		Peripheral blood "endothelial progenitor cells" are derived from monocyte/macrophages and secrete angiogenic growth factors.
		Transplanted cord blood-derived endothelial precursor cells augment postnatal neovascularization.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/108/21/e150 (651 words)

	DIFFERENTIATION OF MSCs INTO ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		After the establishment of adherent layers, cells were differentiated in
		The surface phenotype of the differentiated cells was analyzed by
		structures was tested by cultivation of the cells in semisolid medium.
	www.celltherapy.org /Abstracts2003/posterpres/107.htm (186 words)

	Endothelial cells in spaaaaaaace! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Although, shear stress occurs in arteries and veins both on Earth and in space, the endothelial cells might react differently to the magnitude of shear stress while in microgravity.
		The insides of the fibers are lined with endothelial cells and a liquid is pumped through the fibers to emulate blood flow.
		In the analysis, the cells in the fibers are harvested and messenger Ribonucleic Acids (mRNA) and proteins from the cell are isolated.
	www.jhu.edu /~newslett/10-02-97/Science/1.html (726 words)

	Endothelial Cells
		Sigma is proud to offer a selection of media, many of which are serum-free, for the in vitro culture of human primary cells, such as keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and epithelial hepatocytes.
		Endothelial cells may be derived from any part of the vascular tree.
		Useful for the dissociation of, or release of, adherent cells types, such as endothelial, epithelial, and fibroblast cells, from support surfaces.
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /Area_of_Interest/Life_Science/Cell_Culture/Product_Lines/Primary_Human_Culture.html (621 words)

	Long-Term Culture of Capillary Endothelial Cells -- Folkman et al. 76 (10): 5217 -- Proceedings of the National Academy ...
		Capillary endothelial cells from rats, calves, and humans, have been carried in long-term culture.
		Bovine capillary endothelial cells in regular medium grow slowly with a mean doubling time of 67 hr and eventually die.
		In tumor-conditioned medium, these cells grow rapidly with a doubling time of 28 hr and continue to proliferate for as long as the tumor-conditioned medium is present.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/76/10/5217 (1702 words)

	Platelets, Endothelial Cells, Inflammatory Chemokines, and Restenosis: Complex Signaling in the Vascular Play Book -- ...
		cell is an inflamed or injured endothelial cell.
		Cell adhesion regulates gene expression at translational checkpoints in human myeloid leukocytes.
		Rot A. Endothelial cell binding of NAP-1/IL-8: role in neutrophil emigration.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/106/12/1433 (2185 words)

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