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Topic: Endotracheal tube

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	Endotracheal tube holder - Patent 5305742
		The endotrachael tube holder of this invention is a multi-component plastic clamping device which is positioned in front of the patient's mouth and held in position by one or two sets of straps which engage either side of the device and encircle the back of the head.
		The cylinder is pushed/pulled to align the tube bores 51, 57 in the cylinder and barrel.
		The adaptor 89 is removed from the distal end of the ET tube and the tube passed through the aligned tube bores 51, 57 with the bite block 34 facing toward the patient.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5305742.html (3162 words)

	Capitol Anesthesiology Association - Services - General Anesthesia - Endotracheal Intubation
		Endotracheal Intubation refers to the placement of a tube directly into the trachea, or windpipe, and is done for a variety of reasons.
		Under direct visualization the endotracheal tube is inserted in between the vocal cords and into the trachea, where the cuff is inflated and the proper position of the tube is confirmed.
		Endotracheal tubes may be placed nasally (through the nostrils) if it is desired to keep them out of the mouth; and there are a variety of techniques for successfully placing them when patient factors preclude direct visualization of the larynx, some using fiber optics.
	www.capanes.com /services_ga_endotracheal.html (673 words)

	Endotracheal Tube Management Information on Healthline
		The patient with a endotracheal tube must be closely monitored to ensure that the tube remains patent, that skin breakdown does not occur from the tube, and that infection is prevented.
		The insertion point (in centimeters) of the endotracheal tube should be confirmed to be the same as prior to the procedure, unless the purpose of the procedure was to change the depth of the tube.
		The greatest risk of manipulating the endotracheal tube is that it may be inadvertently removed, causing the patient to experience respiratory distress.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/endotracheal-tube-management (708 words)

	Endotracheal tube - Patent 4538606
		The endotracheal device of claim 1 wherein said sealing means is an inflatable cuff mounted to the distal end of said air tube inserted within the trachea, said cushioning means being spaced from said cuff in the direction of said proximal end of said tube.
		The Elam patent discloses an endotracheal tube with a double cuff arrangement wherein a standard cuff is mounted on the exterior surface of the tube adjacent its distal end, and a second cuff is disposed upwardly along the tube from the lower cuff.
		The endotracheal device further includes a second cuff or membrane mounted on the exterior surface of the air tube in a position to contact and cushion the cricoarytenoid joint when the tube is placed in the proper position within the trachea.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4538606.html (3021 words)

	Special Problems in Aerosol Delivery: Artificial Airways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Endotracheal tubes are preferred for initial airway management in most mechanically ventilated patients, and they are passed into the trachea through the mouth or nose.
		The narrow diameter of endotracheal tubes, compared to the normal upper airway, and the high inspiratory air flows typically employed during mechanical ventilation predispose to turbulent air flow and higher airway resistance in intubated than in nonintubated patients.
		In view of the effects of an endotracheal tube on air flow resistance and turbulence, significant aerosol loss within the endotracheal tube is to be expected during mechanical ventilation.
	www.rcjournal.com /contents/06.00/06.00.0636.asp (869 words)

	Endotracheal Tube Fixation
		Endotracheal tube holder stabilizing the tube in the angle of the mouth is comfortable.
		Endotracheal intubation of a preterm infant cadaver was performed both orally and nasally to assess the relative movement of the endotracheal tube with changes in head position.
		Blane CE Endotracheal tube movement in the preterm neonate: oral versus nasal intubation.
	meltingpot.fortunecity.com /grove/61/ett/fixation.htm (2488 words)

	MADettÔ Educational Center:
		Each dog was studied twice: once when the epinephrine was injected into the endotracheal tube, and on another day, through the endotracheal tube via a flexible catheter wedged into a peripheral bronchus.
		Endotracheal and aerosol administrations of ceftazidime in patients with nosocomial pneumonia: pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability.
		Delivery can be affected by the diameter of the endotracheal tube and ventilator circuitry, type of ventilator, ventilator modes, type of delivery device, and how the delivery device is operated and introduced into the ventilator circuitry.
	www.wolfetory.com /education/MADett_educational_center.htm (1585 words)

	ASE Resources: Endotracheal tubes
		Magill tubes are invariably supplied too long and are intended to be cut to the correct length: this is generally taken to be the distance from the tip of the nostrils to the point of the shoulder.
		If too long a tube is used and it is tied around the back of the patient's neck, movement of the tube during surgery may move the tip of the tube into a bronchus.
		Compression of the lumen of the tube by the cuff may be caused by over-inflation of the cuff or by gradual diffusion of nitrous oxide onto the cuff during the course of anesthesia.This problem is more common when silicone rubber tubes are used.
	asevet.com /resources/ettubes.htm (1008 words)

	Misplaced Endotracheal Tubes a Common Problem
		Endotracheal tube misplacement by paramedics is more common than previously believed, suggests a study of the emergency medical services (EMS) system in Orange County, Florida.[1] Of the 108 intubated patients studied, 25% were found to have an improperly placed endotracheal tube when they arrived at the emergency department.
		A tube was considered correctly placed if it passed between the vocal cords or if the patient had bilateral breath sounds and a positive ET 2 waveform and the tube was at an appropriate depth.
		Tube misplacement was much more common in this study than in the literature because intubation research is usually done by well-run EMS systems that exercise tightly controlled oversight of paramedic training and practice, speculated Dr. Falk.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /may01/pr_may01_misplaced.html (486 words)

	Endotracheal tubes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When using cuffed endotracheal tubes, care must be taken to avoid pressure damage to the tracheal mucosa by over-inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff.
		Uncuffed endotracheal tubes may be of uniform diameter along the entire axis or they may have a wide rostral portion with a sloping shoulder leading to a narrow proximal tip (Cole tube).
		The 2.5 mm id uncuffed endotracheal tube is useful for nasally intubating the rabbit (Figure 34).
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /depts-anesthesia/_archive/equipment/ettube.htm (393 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Endotracheal tube cuff pressure in three hospitals, and the volume required to produce an ...
		Cuff pressure in tube sizes 7.0 to 8.5 mm was evaluated 60 min after induction of general anesthesia using a manometer connected to the cuff pilot balloon.
		A critical function of the endotracheal tube cuff is to seal the airway, thus preventing aspiration of pharyngeal contents into the trachea and to ensure that there are no leaks past the cuff during positive pressure ventilation.
		Catastrophic consequences of endotracheal tube cuff over-inflation such as rupture of the trachea [4-6], tracheo-carotid artery erosion [7], and tracheal innominate artery fistulas are rare now that low-pressure, high-volume cuffs are used routinely.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2253/4/8 (3023 words)

	Confirmation of Endotracheal Tube Placement
		There are three common methods of endotracheal tube confirmation in the prehospital setting: physical assessment, capnographic determination of ETCO 2 via a colorimetric device, and the esophageal detector device.
		Proper physical assessment to determine endotracheal tube placement should consist of visualization of the endotracheal tube passing between the vocal cords, auscultation over the epigastrium, auscultation just below the right and left axilla, observation of chest rise and fall, and the presence of condensation in the endotracheal tube.
		In an improperly placed endotracheal tube, the bulb will be unable to fully inflate, or the syringe plunger will not be able to completely (or nearly completely) pull back from the body of the syringe.
	www.merginet.com /clinical/airway/ETubePlacement.cfm (1385 words)

	Endotracheal Intubation - Lungs: pulmonary and respiratory health and medical information produced by doctors
		Endotracheal intubation is a procedure by which a tube is inserted through the mouth down into the trachea (the large airway from the mouth to the lungs).
		It is called an endotracheal tube because it is slipped within the trachea.
		The purpose of endotracheal intubation is to permit air to pass freely to and from the lungs in order to ventilate the lungs.
	www.medicinenet.com /endotracheal_intubation/article.htm (281 words)

	endotracheal intubation
		Endotracheal tubes: usually 8 mm for women; 9 mm for men ; age/4 + 4 for children.
		Suction apparatus with Yankauer nozzle and endotracheal suction catheter
		Used endotracheal tubes should be discarded into a container for contaminated waste.
	members.tripod.com /~dgholgate/endotrachealintubation.html (782 words)

	Endotracheal tube fire during tracheostomy: a case report - Original Article - Brief Article Ear, Nose & Throat ...
		This was done in anticipation of the short period of apnea that occurs when the surgeon switches from an oral endotracheal tube to a tracheostomy tube.
		The cuff of the endotracheal tube was perforated and had melted, and the proximal lumen was full of fl char.
		The patient was kept in the ICU as a result of a prolonged illness unrelated to her tracheostomy.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BUM/is_2_81/ai_83516032 (818 words)

	Endotracheal tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diagram of an endotracheal tube (10) that has been inserted into the airway of a patient.
		Special double-lumen endotracheal tubes have been developed for lung and other intra-thoracic surgery.
		These tubes allow one-lung ventilation while the other lung can be collapsed to make surgery easier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endotracheal_tube (425 words)

	ICU-USA - Tour - Intubation
		Endotracheal intubation is necessary when patients can no longer cough and clear secretions or breathe on their own.
		An endotracheal tube (breathing tube) can be inserted through the mouth or through the nose then advanced into the airway.
		After the tube is in place most patients have temporary difficulties with gagging that slowly lessens with time.
	www.icu-usa.com /tour/procedures/intubation.htm (383 words)

	Endotracheal Tube
		Endotracheal Tubes designed to establish and maintain an airway in seconds in
		All tubes are fitted with 15 mm standard connector, which insures compatibility with circuit connectors
		Endotracheal tubes are made of implant-tested PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
	www.suru.com /endo.htm (144 words)

	Endotracheal tube incorporating a drug-irrigation device (US5146916)
		An endotracheal tube is equipped for delivering a drug externally of the tube.
		The endotracheal tube includes a tube body having proximal end and distal ends, and at least one flexible irrigation cannula extending along the endotracheal tube body to its distal end.
		The endotracheal tube is particularly intended for artificial ventilation in surgical operations and in intensive resuscitation treatments.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US05146916 (352 words)

	Mishaps With Endotracheal Tube Exchangers In ICU
		The AEC used in these 2 cases, the C-CAE 11.0-83, is recommended for endotracheal tubes whose inner diameter is 4 mm or larger and is small enough to pass through the Murphy eye with the potential problem of coming out through the Murphy eye instead of the tip of the ETT.
		The use of a larger endotracheal tube exchanger eliminates the possibility of the exchanger coming out through the Murphy eye and it is recommended when available and feasible but, ETT partial obstruction or nasal tube exchanges require an instrument of smaller caliber and more flexibility respectively.
		Endotracheal exchangers should be handled with caution; the rate of failure seems to be higher than expected depending on the type of AEC, technique and experience of the operator.
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ija/vol5n1/ette.xml (2095 words)

	Intubation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most common tracheal intubation is orotracheal intubation where an endotracheal tube is passed through the mouth, through the larynx, and into the trachea.
		To enable mechanical ventilation, an endotracheal tube is often used, although there are alternative devices such as face masks or laryngeal mask airways.
		Smaller pediatric tubes generally are uncuffed, due to concerns over blood flow to the trachea due to improper tube size or overinflation of the cuff[1], although some conditions require infants and children to have cuffed tubes to provide high-pressure ventilations[2].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intubation (1370 words)

	Endotracheal Tube
		The endotracheal tube will be removed when the patient's doctor feels that he can breathe well by himself.
		A breathing tube is a plastic tube used during artificial respiration, a procedure to assist a patient in breathing.
		One end of the breathing (endotracheal) tube is placed into the windpipe (trachea) through the mouth or nose.
	www.suru.com /endo1.htm (584 words)

	Endotracheal Intubation Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com
		Endotracheal tube: A flexible plastic tube that is put in the mouth and then down into the trachea (the airway).
		Tubes: The "tubes" are medically known as the Fallopian tubes.
		There are two Fallopian tubes, one on each side, which transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus (the womb).
	www.medicinenet.com /endotracheal_intubation/glossary.htm (542 words)

	Tracheotomy Tubes and Airway Options
		The endotracheal tube often seen in television shows and commonly used in surgery and in the Intensive Care setting, is a helpful tool that allows doctors and nurses to blow air in and out of the lungs.
		There are tubes with balloon cuffs to hold pressure, and there are tubes with special channels for assisting with speech.
		Other types of tracheotomy tubes only pass through the skin and muscles and have little tabs to hold them in place just inside the front wall of the windpipe without having a tube passing down into the airway.
	www.otoassociates.com /a10.htm (719 words)

	Blind nasotracheal intubation is facilitated by neutral head position and endotracheal tube cuff inflation in ...
		Blind nasotracheal intubation is facilitated by neutral head position and endotracheal tube cuff inflation in spontaneously breathing patients: [L'intubation nasotracheale a l'aveugle est facilitee par la position neutre de la tete et le gonflement du ballonnet de la sonde endotracheale chez des patients en ventilation spontanee] -- Chung et al.
		endotracheal tube in the pharynx was examined by observing the
		Movement of the endotracheal tube in the pharynx induced grimacing
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/50/5/511 (1177 words)

	Orotracheal Intubation - Medical Procedures - Medstudents
		Elevating the patient's head about 10 cm with pads under the occiput and extension of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint (sniffing position) serve to align the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal axis, so that the passage from the lips to the glottic opening is almost a straight line.
		Insert the stylet, and bend the tube and stylet gently into a crescent shape so that the tip of the stylet is at least 1 cm proximal to the end of the tube.
		When breath sounds are equal on both sides and the thorax rises equally on both sides with each inspiration, note the position of the tube (mark the tube at patient's mouth), and inflate the cuff with the 10-mL syringe until there is no air leak around the tube when positive pressure is applied.
	www.medstudents.com.br /proced/proced5/intubat.htm (1104 words)

	Endotracheal tube introducer (gum-elastic bougie) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Eschmann tracheal tube introducer (formerly known as the gum elastic bougie) is a 60cm long, 15 French Gauge flexible device with a J angle at its distal tip.
		Then verify correct positioning of the ET tube using auscultation of the lung fields and epigastrium and observing for chest wall movement.
		The tip of the ET tube can move up to 6.0 cm once placed and this is certainly sufficient to dislodge it from the trachea.
	www.asancep.org.uk /Endotrachealtubeintroducer.htm (1191 words)

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