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Topic: Endurance (1912 ship)

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	HMS ENDURANCE AND SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON ANTARCTIC EXPLORER ICEBREAKER
		She was launched in 1912 from Sandefjord in Norway and was crushed by ice, causing her to sink, three years later in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica.
		By the time she was launched on December 17, 1912, Endurance was perhaps the strongest wooden ship ever built, with the possible exception of the Fram, the vessel used by Fridtjof Nansen and later by Roald Amundsen.
		The Ship's motto is " Fortitudine Vincimus" ~ 'By Endurance We Conquer' The motto originates from that of the great Antarctic explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton who made history in his ship, 'Endurance' in his expedition south in 1914-15.
	www.solarnavigator.net /history/hms_endurance.htm (1687 words)

	Endurance (1912 ship) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.
		She was launched in 1912 from Sandefjord in Norway and was crushed by ice, causing her to sink, three years later in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica.
		By the time she was launched on December 17, 1912, Endurance was perhaps the strongest wooden ship ever built, with the possible exception of the Fram, the vessel used by Fridtjof Nansen and later by Roald Amundsen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship) (1370 words)

	Ship - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		One can measure ships in terms of overall length, length of the waterline, beam (breadth), depth (distance between the crown of the weather deck and the top of the keelson), draft (distance between the highest waterline and the bottom of the ship) and tonnage.
		Until the application of the steam engine to ships in the early 19th century, oars propelled galleys or the wind propelled sailing ships.
		Before mechanisation, merchant ships always used sail, but as long as naval warfare depended on ships closing to ram or to fight hand-to-hand, galleys dominated in marine conflicts because of their maneuverability and speed.
	www.voyager.in /Ship (2660 words)

	HMS Endurance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both were named after the Sir Ernest Shackleton's Endurance which was the ship crushed in the ice of the Weddell Sea during the expedition to Antarctica from 1914 to 1915.
		The first HMS Endurance, formerly the Anita Dan, served as the Antarctic ice patrol vessel from 1967 to 1991.
		The second HMS Endurance (A171), formerly the MV Polar Circle, is a class 1A1 icebreaker in service since 1991 as an Antarctic ice patrol and survey ship.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HMS_Endurance (179 words)

	Endurance (crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Endurance is an impact crater on Mars that was visited by the Opportunity rover from May until December, 2004.
		Mission scientists named the crater after the ship Endurance that sailed to the Antarctic in an exploration voyage organized by Ernest Shackleton.
		The rover entered the crater interior on its 134th mission sol (June 15), and exited on the 315th sol (December 14th).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endurance_crater (222 words)

	endurance - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Endurance, in athletics, ability to maintain performance over time, overcoming fatigue.
		Endurance exercise Endurance or aerobic exercise consists of performing low- to medium-intensity exercise for very long periods of time.
		Designed by Ole Aanderud Larsen, the Endurance was built at the Framnæs shipyard in Sandefjord, Norway and fully completed on December 17, 1912
	encarta.msn.com /endurance.html (205 words)

	Sailing ship Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Sailing ships can only carry a certain quantity of supplies in their hold, so they have to plan long voyages carefully to include many stops to take on provisions and, in the days before watermakers, fresh water.
		Ship transport is the process of moving people, goods, etc. by barge, boat, ship or sailboat over a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river.
		Ship transport was frequently used as a mechanism for conducting warfare.
	hypnosis.en.ogarnij.info /en/sailing+ship (10869 words)

	Ship Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ship was built in 1930 at the (formerly Royal) Naval Shipyard of Castellammare di Stabia (Naples).
		A lifeboat is a boat carried on board a ship and designed to allow passengers to escape, or a boat kept on land or in a harbour to rescue people in trouble at sea.
		It was after the sinking of the RMS Titanic on April 15, 1912, that a movement began to require a sufficient number of lifeboats on passenger ships for all people on board.
	tundra.en.ogarnij.info /en/ship (10587 words)

	Scotland.com: Scottish Seafarers Sail into the World’s History Books - - Scotland Blog
		It was in this sea that Ernest Shackleton’s ship, the Endurance was trapped and crushed by ice in 1915.
		The slow disintegration of his ship meant inevitable financial ruin for Weddell, and the once intrepid explorer died in relative poverty and obscurity in 1834 at the age of forty-seven.
		Sir Robert Scott’s ship, the Terra Nova, used on his ill-fated expedition resulting in the sailor’s and his crew’s death, was built in Dundee.
	www.scotland.com /blog/scottish-seafarers-sail-into-the-worlds-history-books (558 words)

	Articles - Ship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Most ships built since around 1960 have used diesel power or motors; one exception, ´´Queen Elizabeth 2´´ of 1968, started with steam turbines but subsequently converted to diesel as a cost-saving measure.
		A few ships have used nuclear reactors, but this is not a separate form of propulsion; the reactor heats steam to drive the turbines.
		In the past, people counting or grouping disparate types of ship may refer to the individual vessels as bottoms, but this generally refers only to merchant vessels.
	www.foreverd.com /articles/Ship (2491 words)

	NOVA Online \| Shackleton's Voyage of Endurance \| Shackleton's Lost Men \| PBS
		Impaled by ramrods of ice and crushed by the unrelenting pressure of the pack, the ship shuddered in its final death throes.
		To the world, he was the hero who rescued the crew of the Endurance with "not a man lost." But Shackleton himself was haunted by the fate of the men of his expedition on the other side of Antarctica, stranded for more than two years.
		The ship had almost certainly sunk, and their only shelter was the ramshackle hut.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/shackleton/1914/lostmen.html (1955 words)

	The Endurance
		The temperature was -30 [degrees] Fahrenheit, and around the ship, extending to the horizon in all directions, was a sea of ice, white and mysterious under the clear, hard stars.
		Sometimes, the little ship would quiver and groan in response, her wooden timbers straining as the pressure from millions of tons of ice, set in motion by some faraway disturbance, at last reached her resting place and nipped at her resilient sides.
		Their ship, Endurance, was trapped at latitude 74 [degrees] south, deep in the frozen waters of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/a/alexander-endurance.html (4345 words)

	Antarctic Explorers: Ernest Shackleton
		The ship's rudder became dangerously jammed on the 21st from the heavy ice which had to be cut away with ice-chisels constructed from heavy pieces of iron with 6-foot wooden handles.
		On the 22nd the ENDURANCE reached the farthest south point of her drift, touching the 77th parallel of latitude in longitude 35°W. The summer was gone.
		The ENDURANCE groaned as her starboard quarter was forced against the floe, twisting the stern-post and buckling the planking.
	www.south-pole.com /p0000098.htm (7278 words)

	Walking Out of History - The Crew, the Plan, and the Ship
		Alfred Lansing, Endurance, read by Eric Ringham: The Endurance was built in Norway by the famous polar shipbuilding firm which for years had been constructing vessels for whaling and sealing in the Arctic and Antarctic.
		However, when the builders came to the Endurance, they realized that she might well be the last of her kind - as indeed she was - and the ship became the yard's pet project.
		By the time she was launched on December 17, 1912, she was the strongest wooden ship ever built in Norway - and probably anywhere else.
	americanradioworks.publicradio.org /features/walking/part01/plan.html (840 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: TEXAS
		The ship had fourteen coal-burning boilers and was designed for a speed of twenty-one knots in a four-hour speed trial and nineteen knots in a twenty-four-hour endurance trial.
		In 1925 the ship was at the Norfolk Navy Yard to be refitted with oil-fired boilers and to have its superstructure updated.
		In 1940 and 1941 the ship was assigned to escort duty in the North Atlantic, and in 1942 it supported the Allied landings in North Africa.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/TT/qtt2.html (605 words)

	Topical Factfiles - Endurance Obituaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Shackleton accepted Bakewell as a seaman on the Endurance, but Perce was refused due to his young age and lack of seamanship.
		On January 27 the ship was so beset that it was decided to draw the fires, economise on coal, and wait to see if the pack would open up.
		His work was not yet finished for news had reached him that the Ross Sea base ship “Aurora” had broken away and left a party of 10 men he was to have met after his proposed crossing of the Antarctic Continent, stranded at their winter quarters on the Antarctic Continent.
	www.visitandlearn.co.uk /enduranceobituaries/Blackborow.asp (2761 words)

	Shackleton's Magnivicent Failure
		And if the ship were lost, no one would become aware of their plight until the late summer of 1916 when it would become apparent to their agents in New Zealand that it had not returned.
		As they drifted, the ship's carpenter was working on building a new rudder, which would be attached as soon as the ship broke free of the ice.
		The ship's captain Stenhouse was extremely anxious as he realized that according to the plan of the expedition, Shackleton would be starting out from the other side and the fate of his party depended on the depot-laying operation.
	home.nycap.rr.com /gn/article/endurance1.htm (13077 words)

	The Vehicle Recognition Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ship, placed on automatic pilot, landed successfully on the asteroid, and there it has remained, and eventually protected by the efforts of the Exploration Society, a testament to the risks that Humankind takes in order to further the exploration of space.
		AMT Almucantar This was one of many vessels in the freighter fleet of Amtech during the Expansionist Era, but it was not until 2074, still during the youth of manned operations in the Belt, that the destruction and total loss of the ship brought it to the forefront of popular culture and modern mythology.
		Of course, this ignores their further role as multipurpose cargo carriers over the next several decades, but the potential for such a ship to be removed from dangerous situations has made its permanent way into both the pop culture of the time, and current Solar System myths and legends.
	j.dollan.home.bresnan.net /ARCVesselindex.html (941 words)

	Australia & Oceania Books: Bookhills.com
		On the morning of November 12, 1863, the five-man crew of the schooner Grafton weighed and set...
		on the night of April 14, 1912, the White Star liner Titanic, on its maiden voyage...
		In 1912, the Russian ship Saint Anna, undersupplied and with an incompetent captain, set out to...
	www.bookhills.com /Australia-Oceania-4921_1.htm (1087 words)

	[No title]
		The Endurance, under the command of Shackleton, was to run into the Weddell Sea and overwinter there on the edge of the Filchner Shelf Ice.
		Hemmed in by pack ice and icebergs, the Endurance was maneuvered south with bravura for three long months, but they were unable to penetrate as far as the coast.
		It was a speciality of the crew of the Endurance to sing satirical verses, musically accompanied, with which the little weaknesses of individual expedition members were mercilessly laid bare.
	www.oneworldmagazine.org /focus/southpole/hist7.htm (1692 words)

	North German Lloyd
		Italy to New York sailings commenced in October, 1891 and in 1897, the Bremen - UK service was sold to Argo Steamship Company together with seven ships.
		In 1904 a new service from Marseilles to Naples and Alexandria started and in 1909 a joint summer service between Bremen and Hamburg to Quebec and Montreal was instituted with Hamburg America, Red Star and Holland America Lines.
		At the outbreak of WWI, many NGL ships took refuge in US ports, and these were seized by American authorities in 1917.
	www.theshipslist.com /ships/lines/nglloyd.html (4522 words)

	South Georgia Island Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The expedition's ship "Endurance", was originally built in Sandefjord, Norway I 1912 carrying the name "Polaris".
		A steel plate from Grytviken was transported by HMS ENDURANCE last year to Portsmouth and then shipped to Sandefjord.
		Up to 1912, most of Latrsen's catch was taken close to South Georgia and was the Humpback species.
	www.sgisland.org /pages/main/news12.htm (1502 words)

	Ship's Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the attack submarine (SSN) USS Skipjack, the endurance of nuclear propulsion and the high speed of the Albacore teardrop hull form came together to form the new paradigm.
		Also during this time, the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station, which had traditionally been surface ship oriented, began supporting submarine systems, including submarine antenna, mast and periscope services, atmospheric quality and control systems, full-scale machinery systems test apparatus for auxiliary, and propulsion and power generation components.
		Some areas supported by the Division include the ship control system, thrust bearing, air conditioning plant, reverse osmosis desalination plant, acoustic mufflers, diesel generator, oxygen generator, shock testing of components, modular decks, bow dome design and vendor qualification, advanced masts, ICCP design and power conversion module testing.
	www.titanic-nautical.com /century-sub.html (2248 words)

	Amazon.com: Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage: Books: Alfred Lansing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		His ship, Endurance, was trapped and then crushed by sea ice, leaving Shackleton and 27 men adrift on ice floes.
		The bare-bones of the story are that Shackleton and his team left civillisation in 1914 in the Endurance to travel to attempt to reach the South Pole - a trip he had tried and failed by only a couple of hundred miles or so to achive in 1908.
		The Endurance had been built to push through the pack ice, but conditions proved too much and it was trapped in pack ice.
	www.amazon.com /Endurance-Shackletons-Incredible-Alfred-Lansing/dp/0881841781 (1961 words)

	BRAVADOS OF THE WORLD
		Of the five ship in his fleet only one returned after three years.
		Endurance record on space training bicycle - 1,000 kilometers.
		At the Olympic Championships in Stockholm 1912 there was an event called: wrestling without time-limit.
	www.jerberyd.com /bravados (1289 words)

	NOVA Online \| Shackleton's Voyage of Endurance \| Quest for the Pole \| PBS
		Which one are you?," he spent nearly a year waiting for a relief ship.
		The Endurance sailed into the Weddell Sea on the opposite side, where a team was slated to march to the Pole with dog teams.
		In their epic struggle for survival, Shackleton ensured the rescue of all of the Endurance party (see Timeline 1914-1916).
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/shackleton/surviving/quest.html (1000 words)

	Antarctica Books, Antarctic History books, Recommended Titles
		The stark fl and white images of the ship and its men caught in an ocean of ice are both beautiful and chilling.
		There are considerable quotes from diaries, ships' logs and published accounts of journeys so desperate that explorers ended up eating the rawhide lashings of their sleds, as well as their sled dogs.
		But the group lost their ship and supplies when a fierce polar gale ripped the ship from its moorings, and had to haul sledges almost 2000 miles across the hostile interior of Antarctica.
	www.coolantarctica.com /Shop/buy_antarctica_books_online.htm (2734 words)

	Powell's Books - Arctic and Antarctic
		Their ship, "Karluk" was soon sunk in ice and he narrates the story of the crew's nightmare struggle for survival in the face of ignorance...
		This brilliant first-person account, originally published in 1897, marks the beginning of the modern age of exploration, vividly describing Nansen's dangerous voyage and his 15-month-long dash to the North Pole by sled....
		In 1912, six months after Robert Falcon Scott and four of his men came to grief in Antarctica, a thirty-two-year-old Russian navigator named Valerian Albanov embarked on an expedition that would prove even more disastrous.
	www.powells.com /psection/ArcticandAntarctic.html (869 words)

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