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Topic: Energy dispersive

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	Standards and Guidlines - Forensic Science Communications - January 2005
		The energies or wavelengths of the detected X-rays are used to identify the elements, and the intensities of the X-ray peaks in the measured spectrum correlate with the quantities of each element present in the sample area exposed to the X-ray beam.
		Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to measure the concentrations of 10 elements as ratios to Ca in 50 pairs of window (nonfloat) and nonwindow glasses having refractive indices that are indistinguishable in the fourth decimal place (Howden et al.
		Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry measurements are generally made on individual fragments of glass using a beam collimator of 3mm or less, depending on sample size and instrument capabilities.
	www.fbi.gov /hq/lab/fsc/backissu/jan2005/standards/2005standards10.htm (6747 words)

	Standard Guide for Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-ray Spectrometry in Forensic Paint Examinations (Forensic ...
		Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry is a complementary spectroscopy to wavelength dispersive spectroscopy.
		Wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry is a complementary spectroscopy to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.
		Energy calibration must be established frequently for the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, including zero offset and gain, and a record kept in a permanent log.
	www.fbi.gov /hq/lab/fsc/backissu/oct2002/bottrell.htm (6768 words)

	Cold finger design in an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer - Patent 5821176
		A cold finger for an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer is surrounded by an insulating material which includes two layers of aluminum coated polyester and a layer of plastic netting sandwiched between the two layers of aluminum coated polyester.
		The invention relates to the field of energy dispersive x-ray analyzers and in particular to insulating cold fingers to be used in such analyzers.
		2 is a cross section of an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer with a cold finger insulated according to the invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5821176.html (1713 words)

	UI Central Microscopy Research Facilities
		Low energy x-ray photons released from the sample might not have enough energy to penetrate the window and be absorbed by the detector.
		The energy that is collected can be used to form a histogram, with energy plotted on the x-axis vs. the number of x-ray events (counts) on the y-axis.
		In wavelength dispersive spectrometry, x-ray photons released from a sample are focused by a crystal onto a gas flow proportional counter.
	www.uiowa.edu /~cemrf/courses/sem/xray/index.htm (722 words)

	- Thermo Electron Corporation - Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS/EDX)
		This drop results in the loss of a specific amount of energy, namely, the difference in energy between the vacant shell and the shell contributing the electron.
		Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis uses detection equipment to measure the energy values of the characteristic x-rays generated within the electron microscope.
		Therefore, while the electron microscope produces an image of the sample’s topography, energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis tells the microscopist what elements are present in the sample.
	www.thermo.com /com/cda/technology/detail/1,,12700,00.html (225 words)

	EDS - Materials Evaluation and Engineering, Inc.
		Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is a chemical microanalysis technique performed in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
		The energy of the x-ray is characteristic of the element from which the x-ray was emitted.
		A spectrum of the energy versus relative counts of the detected x-rays is obtained and evaluated for qualitative and quantitative determinations of the elements present in the sampled volume.
	www.mee-inc.com /eds.html (399 words)

	- Thermo Electron Corporation - Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF)
		Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) is a non-destructive, non-contact method of chemical analysis that provides qualitative and quantitative identification of elements in solid or liquid samples.
		For example, if an electron in the K shell of a manganese atom is ejected, an energy of 5.894 kilo-electron volts (keV) is generated when an electron from that atom's L shell is moved to the K shell.
		In measuring the energy level of the characteristic X-rays, we can determine what elements are present in the sample (qualitative analysis); and in counting and comparing the number of energies at the same energy level reaching the detector, we can determine percentages of the elements in the sample (quantitative analysis).
	www.thermo.com /com/cda/technology/detail/1,2165,12705,00.html (468 words)

	Energy Dispersive X-Ray
		Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) was first introduced in the late 1960's when solid state detectors were first interfaced to microanalyzers.
		The correction is necessary because the energy of the x-ray peak from element j is sufficient to excite x-rays secondarily from element i.
		Energy dispersive spectrometry can be performed on a particle whenever any questions arise about the elemental constituents of the particle.
	www.semitracks.com /reference/FA/mat_char/edx/edx.htm (2577 words)

	Omni - X-ray Fluorescence
		As the electron energy levels are characteristic of the atom, the energy of the emitted photon is characteristic of the atom.
		Wavelength dispersive spectrometers measure x-ray intensity as a function of wavelength while energy dispersive spectrometers measure x-ray intensity as a function of energy.
		Energy dispersive spectrometers use a solid state detector and a multi-channel analyser to measure x-ray intensity as a function of energy.
	www.omniinstruments.com /fluorescence.html (657 words)

	Department of Physics Radiation Imaging - Energy Dispersive X-ray Scatter for measurement of oil/water ratios
		Energy dispersive X-ray scatter (EDXS) is being developed as a means of monitoring the relative oil and water concentrations in emulsions extracted from oil fields.
		EDXS is the measurement of the energy dispersive low angle scattering of photons from a polychromatic incident beam.
		The oil/water ratio is determined by measuring the relative scattering from the emulsion at the two energies where the diffraction spectrum from oil is maximised and minimised with respect to that of water.
	www.ph.surrey.ac.uk /rmm/imaging/xray_scatter/index.html (1054 words)

	CTL-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS)
		One of the instruments most commonly used in conjunction with the SEM is the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS).
		The location of the slot is proportional to the energy of the x-ray photon entering the detector.
		The display is a histogram of the x-ray energy received by the detector, with individual "peaks," the heights of which are proportional to the amount of a particular element in the specimen being analyzed.
	www.corrosionlab.com /facilities/eds.htm (345 words)

	Silicon Cert Ltd. - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)
		Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), also referred to as EDX, is a technique used in conjunction with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
		Since each element releases X-rays with unique energy signatures it is possible to identify the parent atoms from the X-ray spectrum.
		During element mapping, one or more X-ray energies corresponding to one or more elements are collected as the SEM scans the electron beam over a selected area.
	siliconcert.com /eds.htm (209 words)

	X-ray fluorescence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the phenomenon where a material is exposed to X-rays of high energy, and as the X-ray (or photon) strikes an atom (or a molecule) in the sample, energy is absorbed by the atom.
		When the energy source is a synchrotron, or the X-ray are focussed by an optic, like a polycapillary, the X-ray beam can be very small and very intense, and atomic information on the sub-micrometer scale can be obtained.
		energy dispersive spectrometers (EDX or EDS): the detector allows the determination of the energy of the photon when it is detected; the EDX spectrometers are smaller (even portable), cheaper, the measurement is faster, but the resolution and the detection limit is far worse than the WDX spectrometers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/X-ray_fluorescence (462 words)

	Elemental Identification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Much of the time, the energy is the result of changes in the speed of an electron, which is random; however, when this interaction removes an electron from a specimen's atom, frequently an electron from an outer shell (or orbital) occupies the vacancy.
		Two methods are used to determine the x-rays that are produced: (1) energy-dispersive analysis separates and detects x-rays of specific energy and displays them as histograms, whereas (2) wavelength-dispersive analysis uses the reflection of x-rays off of a crystal at a characteristic angle to detect x-rays of specific wavelength.
		The SRNML is equipped for energy-dispersive spectroscopy on all of the microscopes capable of a scanning mode.
	www.ou.edu /research/electron/element.html (506 words)

	Energy-dispersive Analysis: Detector
		The energy dispersive (EDS) and wavelength dispersive (WDS) systems both have benefits and disadvantages.
		WDS spectrometers can only examine the portion of the spectrum for which they are positioned, whereas in EDS entire useful energy range can be examined simultaneously.
		The EDS detector, located close to the sample, receives many stray X-rays and electrons and suffers peak distortion, peak broadening, escape peaks, absorption, and internal Si fluorescence.
	www4.nau.edu /microanalysis/Microprobe/EDS-EDSvsWDS.html (275 words)

	FAQS
		This volume may be larger for low energy emission lines that can still be excited by lower energy electrons that have been highly scattered a significant distance from the impinging beam on the specimen surface.
		Detection limits are of the order of 100 ppm (0.01 wt%) with wavelength dispersive spectrometry and 1000 ppm (0.1 wt%) with energy dispersive spectrometry.
		Backscattered electrons have higher energies than secondaries, and are produced when electrons from the primary beam are "bounced" back out of the sample by elastic collisions with atoms.
	www.analyzethis1.com /faqs.htm (729 words)

	Energy-dispersive Analysis: Detector
		However, in contrast, it has good energy discrimination by itself and can be used without preselecting energies of interest using an analyzing crystal.
		This interaction uses up some of the energy of the photoelectron, and the slightly less energetic photoelectron continues to produce more CB electrons and holes until its energy is dissipated (Figure EDS-2).
		Although the number of electron-hole pairs created is a function of the energy of the X-ray, it is a statistical process and there is a normal distribution around the actual X-ray energy.
	www4.nau.edu /microanalysis/Microprobe/EDS-Detector.html (893 words)

	Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy: World of Forensic Science
		Energy dispersive spectroscopy (also called energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) is an analysis technique that can be of great value in the forensic examination of samples.
		At the heart of energy dispersive spectroscopy are x rays.
		To maintain the energy balance of the atom, some energy must be released.
	science.enotes.com /forensic-science/energy-dispersive-spectroscopy (162 words)

	CSMA Techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDA)
		Vacancies are filled by electrons from higher energy outer electron shells with a consequent loss of energy.
		The energy (or wavelength) of the X-ray is characteristic of both the element and the energy level transition and provides a direct means of elemental identification at the point of electron beam interaction.
		Segregation of the X-rays is conducted by either wavelength dispersive means that measures the intensity of a single wavelength peak, or by energy dispersive techniques that give a wide spectrum of energies but with poorer resolution.
	www.csma.ltd.uk /techniques/sem-eda.htm (560 words)

	Energy Dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS)
		Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) is a standard procedure for identifying and quantifying elemental composition of sample areas as small as a few cubic micrometers.
		The characteristic X-rays are produced when a material is bombarded with electrons in an electron beam instrument, such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
		Detection of these x-rays can be accomplished by an energy dispersive spectrometer, which is a solid state device that discriminates among X-ray energies.
	www.mri.psu.edu /mcl/techniques/eds.asp (105 words)

	EDS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry or Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As the electron beam of the SEM is scanned across the sample surface, it generates X-ray fluorescence from the atoms in its path.
		The energy of each X-ray photon is characteristic of the element which produced it.
		Data output is either this element analysis, the original spectrum showing the number of X-rays collected at each energy, or maps of distributions of elements over areas of interest.
	www.photometrics.net /eds.html (162 words)

	Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, SEM-EDS - the most used instrument for failure analysis
		Wavelength or energy analysis of the emitted X-rays provides qualitative elemental identification (because each element radiates at a specific wavelength) and the relative intensities of these X-rays are used for quantitative analysis.
		Characteristic X-rays are always of a specific energy or wavelength and identify the elements in a specimen.
		This tool and its capabilities makes use of the known binding energy in a doped wafer of silicon, which is used as a detector.
	www.gideonlabs.com /sem-eds.htm (522 words)

	EELS, Ultimate Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer, Ibach design, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is shown that this limitation arises from the combined effect of the angular spread of the space charge limited beam, feeding the energy dispersive elements of the spectrometer and the angular aberrations of the dispersive elements.
		An energy loss spectrometer built with such dispersive elements had a theoretical resolution limit of 0.3 meV, and an experimentally achieved resolution of 0.5meV.
		HR-EELS, with a new generation of two dimensional focussing electrostatic energy dispersive elements, are patented and give a resolution of 0.5meV.
	www.specs.com /products/ESCA/analyzers/eels/eels.htm (606 words)

	An Introduction to EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis) and EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analysis)
		This technique is used in conjunction with SEM and is not a surface science technique.
		The energy of the beam is typically in the range 10-20keV.
		The energy of the X-rays emitted depend on the material under examination.
	www.uksaf.org /tech/edx.html (414 words)

	Dispersive-Flow Energy Dissipator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The dispersive-flow energy dissipator is a new design that combines features of traditional hydraulic-jump, slotted-bucket, and ski-jump dissipators.
		Dispersive-flow boards, chute blocks, and an adverse-current end sill are the main components of the dissipator.
		The dispersive-flow energy dissipator is best suited for total heads of 50–80 m, and entering flow Froude numbers of 5.2–7.2.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9404935 (84 words)

	EDXS
		If the incident electron transfers to an orbital electron energy in excess of the binding energy, the orbital electron will be ejected from the atom (see Figure 2).
		An energy-dispersive spectrometer is a solid state X-ray detector consisting of a Li doped Si crystal maintained at cryogenic temperatures to reduce dark current (electronic noise or signal in the absence of X-rays).
		As compared to WDXS the energy resolution of EDXS is relatively poor (~ 150 eV) and elements lighter than Na (Z = 11) cannot be detected.
	www7430.nrlssc.navy.mil /facilities/emf/edxs.htm (489 words)

	Epsilon 5 - Fully Integrated X-Ray System Featuring Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluoresence Spectroscopy
		The Epsilon 5 incorporates new patented* technologies that re-define "state-of-the-art" in energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with the technique of Polarising Energy Dispersive XRF.
		This is because of restrictions imposed on using K-lines by inadequate excitation voltages, sub-optimal detector efficiency and, in the case of WDXRF poor dispersion.
		However, the main problem with using L-lines is that they lie in crowded parts of the spectrum, commonly overlapped by lines of major elements.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=2786 (889 words)

	Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX or EDS) is a method used to determine the energy spectrum of X-ray radiation.
		The semiconductor is polarised with a high voltage; when a X-ray photon hits the detector, it creates electron-hole pairs that drift due to the high voltage.
		The electric charge is collected, it is like charging a condensator; the increment of voltage of the condensator is proportional to the Energy of the photon, it is thus possible to determine the Energy spectrum.
	energy-dispersive-x-ray-spectroscopy.iqnaut.net (301 words)

	JUSTNET - Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The energy holding electrons in atoms (the binding energy) ranges from a few eV up to many kilovolts.
		In the neutralization process an x-ray with an energy characteristic of the parent atom is emitted.
		By collecting and analyzing the energy of these x-rays, the constituent elements of the specimen can be determined.
	www.nlectc.org /assistance/edx.html (302 words)

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