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	Enfleurage - one of the most expensive ways to extract essential oils.
		Enfleurage could be compared to certain aspects employed in maceration, but is done in a slightly different way.
		Glass plates in a frame (called a chassis) are covered with highly purified and odorless vegetable or animal fat and the petals of the botanical matter that are being extracted are spread across it and pressed in.
		When the mix has reached saturation point the flowers are removed and the enfleurage pomade - the fat and fragrant oil - then washed with alcohol to separate the extract from the remaining fat, which is then used to make soap.
	www.essentialoils.co.za /enfleurage.htm (287 words)

	Perfume, perfume discount encyclopedia
		An "absolute" is an extract obtained by extraction with volatile solvents or by enfleurage.
		Enfleurage goes back thousands of years to the ancient Egyptians.
		Sometimes enfleurage is now carried out with cloth soaked in olive oil or liquid paraffin, which is laid over the frames instead of fat, the resultant perfumed oil being then known as 'huile antique'.
	www.perfumes.com /eng/extraction.htm (754 words)

	Essential oil extraction
		Enfleurage involves using a fixed oil, usually a vegetable oil, animal fat, or lard.
		Enfleurage is quite rare as it is very expensive.
		Very similar to enfleurage, maceration differs only in that the fixed oil is heated up to facilitate the release of the essential oil.
	www.essential-oil-recipes.com /essential-oil-extraction.html (756 words)

	Enfleurage
		Enfleurage - the oldest extraction process - involved the use of cold fat.
		It was used to extract the oils from fragile flowers such as orange blossoms, jasmin or tuberose.
		Once the enfleurage process was completed, the fatty pomade - saturated with odors - was scraped off and washed with wine spirits.
	www.perfumediscounts.co.uk /perfumeingredients/enfleurage.shtml (107 words)

	Fat City Aromas -
		Of the possibilities that I've heard suggested, my favorite is that it is named after the key feature of enfleurage, the oldest method of capturing and transferring a scent from source to product.
		Cold enfleurage is a technique that is particularly suited to delicate flowers such as violets, mimosa, and jasmine.
		Cold enfleurage was popular until the 1950s, when increasing labor costs and the availability of synthetic scents made it impractical and unnecessary.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/2003/july/Sa23186.htm (296 words)

	Safety Info
		The essential oil rises to the surface of the juice and is separated from the juice by centrifugation.
		Enfleurage Some flowers, such as jasmine or tuberose, have such low contents of essential oil or are so delicate that heating them would destroy the blossoms before releasing the essential oils.
		In such cases, an expensive and lengthy process called enfleurage is sometimes used to remove the essential oils.
	members.shaw.ca /Tickled/html/safety_info.html (1057 words)

	Essential and Fragrance Oil Differences
		Enfleurage results in a concentrated fragrance pomade or cream, which was sometimes shaped into cones and worn on the head in ancient Egypt.
		The results of solvent extraction and enfleurage are resins and concretes--solids and semi-solids.
		Enfleurage is the most expensive extraction method and is the only one that won’t alter the chemical makeup (therefore, fragrance) of some botanicals such as lilac.
	www.aworldofplenty.com /EOFODifferences.html (797 words)

	Jasmine Essential Oil from Aura Cacia
		Although distillation and solvent extraction are the most time-effective and least costly methods of deriving essential oil from large masses of plant material, in the case of jasmine flowers, these processes can actually decrease the total yield possible from the living flower.
		The enfleurage extraction process begins with the hand-picking of the jasmine flowers after they open at night.
		In traditional enfleurage the aromatic compounds are extracted from the fat with alcohol.
	www.frontiercoop.com /learn/eo_jasmine.html (778 words)

	Enfleurage - Home: New York's Supplier of Essential Oils, Agarwood, Oud, Primal Soaps, Diffusers and other fine and ...
		Enfleurage is New York's first and only store specializing in essential oils, agarwood, and interesting aromatics from all around the planet.
		Enfleurage collects raw gums and resins, incense and exotic aromatics from around the world.
		In addition to Enfleurage, Trygve is a regular contributor to several magazines, and is currently working on other projects as well.
	www.enfleurage.com (446 words)

	White Lotus Aromatics Newsletters
		"Enfleurage work in a manner closest, relatively speaking, to the olfactroy tract itself of the mucus membranes of our noses, where the surfaces absorb the sweet-smelling fragrances given off by the flowers one is smelling for a very short period of tiem.
		The enfleurage (cold saturation) technique involved a large number of frames(80,000 at Chiris, 70,000 at Roure) and the use of a large workforce.
		It is distinctly different in olfactory characteristics from the Jasmin absolutes by solvent extraction Note on Solvent Extraction Process Most of your are aware of the basics of solvent extraction of delicate flowers to produce what is known as a concrete.
	members.aol.com /wlaromatics/32jasmingrandiflorum.html (2464 words)

	Welcome in the International Perfume Museum : Leading techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		But it isn't until the 19th century, with the help of ethyl alcohol, that the extraction of the odoriferous constituent of the raw materials isolated by fats becomes possible.
		Cold enfleurage, used not long ago, consists in laying out fresh and fragile flowers (jasmine, tuberous, violets...) on a plate of glass set in a wooden frame and coated with fat (a mixture of beef and pork).
		The extensive labor and extreme care that enfleurage requires combined with its feeble output explain why it is rarely used nowadays.
	www.museesdegrasse.com /mip/fla_ang/techno_enfleurage.shtml (215 words)

	Chemistry and Alchemy 4: Jolique.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was discovered in much the same manner by ancient Egyptians, who, noticing that their butter tasted like garlic when the two were placed in close proximity for a few hours, decided to turn a lemon into lemonade.
		Lard was the cheapest and most easily obtained fat, but because it melts quickly, it was later mixed with tallow (beef fat), which has a higher melting point.
		Enfleurage was a fairly common method at the turn of the century for extracting the oils of jasmine and tuberose, and the Egyptians used this method for mint, lilies, pine and other plants.
	www.jolique.com /perfume/chemistry_alchemy4.htm (545 words)

	The Perfume 2000.com History of the Perfume and Fragrance Industry
		At the start of the nineteenth century, the technique of the enfleurage had reached its current degree of perfection; however, it was so labor-intensive that it was, for the most part, abandoned after World War II.
		Enfleurage is one of the oldest methods used to process natural ingredients.
		For cold enfleurage, 30g to 50g of freshly picked flowers, sorted and winnowed, were laid on frames, covered with a mixture of pork and beef fat, for 48 hours.
	www.perfume2000.com /History/INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION.asp (744 words)

	Ashi Therapy, Banner Elk - What is Aromatherapy
		Steam distillation is a process that passes hot steam water through plant material ie; roots, leaves, flowers with the end result of essential oils floating on top of aromatic waters (hydrosols).
		Enfleurage is a process in which flowers are layered on a screen that is covered with fat or oil then pressed with a sheet of glass.
		The later two methods (Enfleurage and CO2 Extraction) produce a product conducive for fragrant use, however most aromatherapist would not incorporate these oils in their holistic practice.
	www.ashitherapy.com /whatisaromatherapy.htm (1294 words)

	Welcome to My Store - Books: First Chapter Online
		This method is used to capture the fragrances of flowers such as jasmine, tuberose and neroli (orange blossom) whose exquisite fragrances would be spoiled by the intense heat of distillation.
		Incidentally, it is still possible to obtain enfleurage absolutes of tuberose and jasmine from several French distillers (contact Kittywake Oils, address on page 131).
		However, the use of pig fat in the enfleurage process will be off-putting to the vegetarian who may have to forego the pleasures of jasmine and tuberose or track down a supplier of the even more elusive vegetable oil absolutes.
	www.healthyroads.com /MyStore/Data/Books/html/044-013.asp?HP= (3238 words)

	Bienvenue chez Florame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		These are the "little stars" contained in the orange zest that are pressed out and bottled.
		Enfleurage is a very ancient process based on the observation that fats are capable of absorbing odors.
		Enfleurage has been practiced using a range of oils since ancient times.
	www.florame.com /english/he_obtention.php (396 words)

	fashion design perfumes, fashion gallery, fashion clothes, fashion design portfolio - perfume
		Extraction by enfleurage is used if distillation is not possible, for example in the case of Jasmin Absolute.
		Enfleurage is basically extraction by absorption of aroma materials into wax and then extracting the odorous oil with alcohol.
		Fixatives, which bind the various fragrances together, include balsams, ambergris, and secretions from the scent glands of civets and musk deer (undiluted these have unpleasant smells but in alcoholic solution they act as preserving agents).
	www.surefashion.com /Perfume.htm (1531 words)

	Reign Dance - Hawaiian Massage Oils
		Contains ohia-lehua enfleurage, nectar and essential with kukui nut oil in a base of ultra-light virgin coconut oil.
		Contains Mango blossoms enfleurage, mango butter, kiwi, macadamia and kukui nut oil with a peridot, the crystal of clearing.
		Contains plumeria enfleurage and essential, ultra-light virgin coconut oil, kukui nut and a peridot, the crystal of clarity.
	www.reigndance.com /hawaiian.shtml (1232 words)

	Shopzilla - Compare prices on archipelago enfleurage Candles & Accessories in Home & Garden
		Enfleurage Candle in a Tin A blend of french jasmine, lily of the valley, and rose scents...
		Enfleurage Mini Tin Candle A blend of french jasmine, lily of the valley, and rose scents...
		Archipelago Botanicals Enfleurage Boudoir Candle Fragrance: French Jasmine, Lily of the Valley, and Rose.Elegantly...
	shopzilla.com /7Y_-_cat_id--13020205__keyword--archipelago+enfleurage... (585 words)

	Kannauj and Bangalore Journal Part 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was the Indian version of the French enfleurage process.
		Enfleurage as practiced in France was a method of extracting the oil of delicate flowers like jasmine and tuberose which continue to produce perfume long after being cut.
		These flowers were individually placed on a glass plate containing a thin layer of purified odorless animal fat called a chassis.
	members.aol.com /somanath/kannauj8.html (1689 words)

	Enfleurage - Wikipedia
		Enfleurage ist ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Duftstoffen aus Blüten durch die Absorption der Duftstoffe durch Fett.
		Die frischen Blüten werden vorsichtig auf mit Fett bestrichene Glasplatten gestreut.
		Der genaue Ablauf der Enfleurage wurde in Patrick Süskinds Roman Das Parfum (1985) genauestens beschrieben und dadurch einem breitem Publikum bekannt.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enfleurage (195 words)

	Welcome to the Jeanne Rose Web Site for all your Aromatherapy Needs
		It does not yield its fragrance to distillation — and enfleurage is no longer much employed as a means of extracting this delicious odor.
		It is said that in the early part of this century, Lilacs were extracted by enfleurage and only Lilacs that had been picked in the early morning hours that were very warm were selected.
		These They were then rushed to the still-room where they were treated by enfleurage to produce a thick odorous perfume that was then diluted with refined alcohol.
	www.jeannerose.net /articles/lilac.html (606 words)

	Let's Enflewrage!
		This is how enfleurage is carried out in the fields of southern France: Freshly plucked flower petals are layered onto large panes of fat-coated glass, and the sheets are loaded into wooden frames called chassis.
		At this point, the aromatic fat—which is called pomade—is scraped from the glass, collected, and put through various solvent extraction steps designed to remove the fragrance and bottle it.
		The first and most important step in enfleurage is the deodorization /purification of the fat.
	www.motherearthnews.com /DIY/1976_July_August/Let_s_Enflewrage_ (2939 words)

	Jasmine - Snow Lotus Aromatherapy
		In France jasmine is traditionally extracted by enfleurage, where the flowers are placed one by one onto a mix of beef suet and lard spread over a wooden-framed glass tray, called a chassis.
		Jasmine by enfleurage, or jasmin de chassis, is still produced in small quantities in Grasse (France) and Italy.
		Ultimately, perhaps, jasmine by enfleurage would have to be the best remedy for internal applications such as pessaries (vaginal suppositories), sponges and suppositories.
	www.snowlotus.org /html/articles/jasmine.html (3011 words)

	Absolute Oil. index
		The majority of essential oils are produced by the process of steam distillation.
		An absolute oil should not really be called an essential oil, it is an essence, it has a very high concentration of fragrance and a little goes a long way.
		The common method used to process absolute oils is a two step process, the first step being one of either solvent extraction or enfleurage and the second step being the addition of alcohol.
	www.absoluteoil.com (424 words)

	Integrative Biology 363
		Enfleurage is one method for making concretes and absolutes.
		The petals are pressed onto a coating of pure lard and changed often.
		Both steam distillation and fractional distillation of essential oils is much cheaper than enfleurage, but different mixtures of compounds are obtained and heat causes some rearrangements and changes in structure of the essential oil components.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /ib/363/PERFUMES.html (1100 words)

	Enfleurage de Parfum, AROMATHERAPY, DayBreak Lavender Farm
		Our Enfleurage De Parfum is exquisite formula that dates to Roman times - and later French perfumery ateliers - when the essences of flowers were coaxed into beeswax, the medium for fragrance.
		Enfleurage De Parfum is extremely discreet, scenting only your immediate personal space...
		To create a gentle cloud of lasting scent, apply your Enfleurage when you step out of the shower while your skin is still warm and damp.
	www.daybreaklavenderfarm.com /store/Enfleurage-de-Parfum-pr-16560.html (985 words)

	YOUR HEALTH
		Essential oils are concentrated aromatic plant extracts collected through a process of steam distillation.
		Aromatherapists also use essences extracted by expression of fruit peel of citris and absolutes obtained by enfleurage and solvent extractiom.
		Pomades : True pomades are produced using a process known as enfleurage, which is seldom done today.
	members.tripod.com /giokpin/your_health_spiritual3.htm (589 words)

	Foundations of Aromatherapy WebClass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The essence is volatile, and is collected from the plants by one of three processes: steam distillation, cold-pressed extraction, or enfleurage.
		A hydrosol is the end result of the steam distillation; it is the condensed water charged in aromatic molecules and on which float the essential oil.
		Another form of extraction is called enfleurage, which is extraction with animal fats.
	www.aromalchemy.com /education/classes/web/Foundations/lesson1.htm (1442 words)

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