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Topic: Engelmann Oak

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	Final Work Plan - Engelmann Oak Restoration
		Engelmann oaks are only found in Southern California and the northern portions of Baja California, with more than 90% of the remaining stands located in San Diego County (Pavlick, et al, 2002).
		Most Engelmann oak woodlands occur between 2300 and 4200 feet and are usually found on southwest facing slopes and mesas dominated by grasslands or coastal sage scrub vegetation (St. John and Scott, 1997).
		Each oak will be marked with a tag to denote the different conditions in which it was initially grown (with oak soil innoculum or not, and started inside the greenhouse or not).
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /SERG/restorationproj/chaparraland/miramar/oakfinal/workplan1.htm (2168 words)

	Western Riverside County MSHCP
		Engelmann oak is associated with alluvial fans, interior valleys and occasionally slopes with a mesic aspect (Roberts 1995 and Reiser 1996).
		Engelmann oak has been coined “mesa oak” because of its tendency to grow near basalt caps with an understory of coastal sage scrub and/or grasses of both introduced genera (Bromus, Avena, Hordeum and Avena) and native genera such as Stipa.
		Engelmann oak belongs to the white oak subdivision of the genus and is not easily confused with any other species of oak within its range.
	ecoregion.ucr.edu /full.asp?sp_num=157 (1153 words)

	CA DFG Lands - Crestridge Ecological Reserve: Focal Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Engelmann oak is associated with chaparral, cismontane woodland, riparian woodland, and grassland habitats (Skinner and Pavlik 1994).
		Adaptations of Engelmann oaks that assist in their establishment and survival are drought-tolerant acorns, the ability of acorns to germinate with little or no additional water uptake, and drought deciduousness of seedlings, among others (Lathrop and Osborne 1990).
		Engelmann oaks are also found in riparian areas, although they typically occur at the outer margins of the drainages, on slightly drier sites than either riparian tree species or coast live oaks.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /lands/er/region5/crestridge/crestridge-quer-eng.html (502 words)

	List of Quercus species - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quercus leucotrichophora - Himalayan oak # - Himalaya
		Quercus glauca - Ring-cupped Oak # - southeastern Asia
		Quercus kerrii - Kerr's oak # - southeastern Asia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Quercus_species (1231 words)

	Planting Engelmann Oaks
		Engelmann oak woodlands occur primarily on private lands, and as such, are subject to conversion into rural and urban housing.
		Engelmann oaks have a shallow root system in addition to the deep tap root, and it is important that those shallow roots spread to some distance from the trunk.
		Engelmann oaks often appear to have died during the first summer, but later resprout from the ground or from the "dead" stem.
	www.arroyoseco.org /eoplanting.htm (3541 words)

	The Role of Fire in Oak Woodlands
		The recent increase in the acreage of stand destroying fires in oak woodlands resulting from decades of attempting to exclude fire from our wildland areas, points to our need to develop strategies in which fire is included in management activities in order to sustain the economic and ecological values of our oak woodlands.
		Because of the long period of human habitation of oak woodlands, it is extremely difficult to separate the natural role of fire from the human use of fire as a management tool.
		Other factors affecting oak regeneration which would be influenced by the timing of fire events include: the seedbed for acorns; the competition for moisture from herbaceous species; and the habitat for wildlife species that feed on acorns and seedlings.
	cecalaveras.ucdavis.edu /fire.htm (876 words)

	Oak trees of California
		Oaks are beloved trees of the open landscape of California, where they create drought-tolerant islands of shade and coolness.
		Oaks in California are often a "keystone" species, providing habitat for hundreds or even thousands of other species.
		Oak trees, with chestnuts and beeches, are in the Beech (Fagaceae) family.
	www.icogitate.com /~tree/oak.ac26.htm (649 words)

	[No title]
		The bill would require each county planning department that receives a grant for the purposes of the act to report to the board of supervisors of the county on the uses of those funds within one year from the date the grant is received.
		In order to qualify for a grant pursuant to Section 4774, a county containing any oak woodlands shall prepare and develop an oak woodland habitat plan that may be included in its county general plan, which includes a description of all native oak species located on incorporated and unincorporated lands within the county.
		Each county planning department that receives a grant for the purposes of this chapter shall report to the board of supervisors of the county on the use of those grant funds within one year from the date the grant is received.
	www.sen.ca.gov /leginfo/BILL-6-DEC-1998/CURRENT/AB/FROM0200/AB0242/T990614.TXT (1222 words)

	Discover the Spectacular Engelmann Oak
		Most oaks we see on the coastal plain of Southern California are the trademark Coast Live Oak (quercus agrifolia).
		Engelmann Oaks are probably the most imperiled of all tree oaks and are one of the most endangered natural plant communities in California.
		There are still some Engelmann Oak woodlands in San Diego County, and they steal the show on the Santa Rosa Plateau in Riverside County.
	www.arroyoseco.org /eoak.htm (353 words)

	IHRMP Oak Fact Sheets No. 118
		Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii) is best known by superlatives, such as “the rarest tree-oak species in the United States” or “the most sensitive type of oak woodland in California.” Today, Engelmann oaks are found primarily in rare, scattered groves and are restricted to Southern California and northern Baja California west of the desert region.
		Lowland populations of Engelmann oak have suffered from post-World War II expansion of suburban communities in southern California.
		Note the recruitment of Engelmann oaks on the previously disturbed slopes, as well as the buckwheat/sage scrub vegetation on the area previously used as farmland.
	danr.ucop.edu /ihrmp/oak118.htm (596 words)

	Valley oak, Blue oak and Engelmann oak are the common oaks of the inner valleys in California.
		Valley oak, Blue oak and Engelmann oak are the common oaks of the inner valleys in California.
		Blue Oak – Quercus douglasii- The Blue Oak lives from about Los Olivos in the coast ranges and Lebec in the interior and north through the coast ranges and the west base of the Sierra Nevada mountains to around Lake Shasta.
		Engelmann Oak- Quercus engelmannii is deciduous, or evergreen, depending upon environmental conditions, with lobed leaves with a bluish tinge, not prickly, a smaller round form, and very drought tolerant.
	www.laspilitas.com /groups/oaks/california_oak2.html (712 words)

	Sunset: Saving our oaks - includes related articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Oaks are being bulldozed out of existence in many of their historic ranges.
		It's estimated that before 1850, the valley oak was the principal tree in a riparian woodland that covered as much as a million acres of interior valley floor.
		With the exception of valley and Engelmann oaks, significant stands of oak forest are protected as part of federal, state, and regional parks and preserves throughout the West.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1216/is_n4_v185/ai_8895378 (1387 words)

	Engelmann Oak Annual Report
		Most Engelmann oak woodlands occur between 700 and 1300 meters (2300-4200 feet) and are usually found on southwest facing slopes and mesas dominated by grasslands or coastal sage scrub vegetation (St. John and Scott, 1997).
		Engelmann oaks are often found in soil that is deep loamy clay, however they can also grow in sandy or rocky soils if there is some source of summer moisture such as a perennial or intermittent stream (Pavlick, et.
		Also, when comparing the oaks that were propagated inside the greenhouse to the ones that were propagated outside under a shade cloth, the outside oaks are looking better (indicated by the higher health numbers).
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /SERG/restorationproj/chaparraland/miramar/oakfinal.htm (3042 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The history of oaks and oak woodlands in geologic time in California is a complicated one of community assembly and disassembly with the vicissitudes of climate change.
		As most (85%) of oak woodland habitat is on private land, the major emphasis is on informing land owners of the pervasive issue of oak woodland imminent decline because of lack of regeneration, and engaging in progressive land management activities that support the protection of large trees and the facilitation of regeneration.
		Wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe.
	www.nps.gov /muwo/research/sods2002.doc (7517 words)

	Restoring oak woodlands in California: theory and practice
		As oak seedlings become established and develop an extensive root system, water stress is less likely to cause mortality, although it may limit growth rates and thereby prolong the period during which seedlings are susceptible to herbivores or fire.
		Oak seedling and sapling growth and survival can also be limited by a lack of light in woodlands with closed or nearly closed canopies.
		Oaks are strongly mycorrhizal, although the mycorrhizal fungi associated with California oaks are poorly characterized.
	phytosphere.com /restoringoakwoodlands/oakrestoration.htm (9106 words)

	California Oaks Foundation: Jan 2003 Issues Regarding Oaks in California (Jan 03')
		Recommendation 2: The JPH must specifically recognize that planting oaks, transplanting oaks or in lieu fees often represent unrealistic oak woodland habitat mitigation measures and that the functional loss of significant oak woodland habitat requires replacement with biologically equivalent offsite oak woodland habitat through fee purchase and/or acquisition of conservation easements.
		In addition to the recommended actions, it is essential for the Board/Commission to acknowledge their oak woodland obligations and assert their authorities in the introductory section of the JPH.
		The oak woodland conservation guidance embodied in the JPH must be perceived statewide as the primary oak woodland reference standard for projects subject to CEQA.
	www.californiaoaks.org /html/oak_report_01-03.html (836 words)

	CWHR - Coastal Oak Woodland
		In the S (starting near SF), dominated by Coast Live Oak, and mixed with madrone etc. (in wet areas) or blue and valley oaks (in drier areas).
		Natural regeneration of evergreen oak (Coast Live Oak) appears much better than for the deciduous oak (esp. Blue and Valley), but acorn predation and browsing by both native herbivores and livestock are cause for concern.
		Oaks reside in chaparral-surrounded canyons of the central coast range near Lake Berryessa.
	www.humboldt.edu /~mdj6/431/habs/COW.html (521 words)

	Plant Hybrids #2
		Scrub oaks from San Diego County; leaves and acorn from the Palomar College Herbarium: A. Quercus x acutidens from the Escondido, Valley Center and Lake Wohlford region (elev.
		Q. cornelius-mulleri is called "desert scrub oak" and is common in the chaparral along the desert edge of the Laguna Mountains (Sunrise Highway).
		In drought resistant chaparral species, such as scrub oaks, the stomata are concentrated on the lower surface of leaves.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /hybrids2.htm (1225 words)

	Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve: Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Engelmann oak savanna can be found on elevated land where water is infrequent, as Engelmann oaks are drought deciduous.
		The native bunchgrass prairie on the Santa Rosa Plateau is considered the finest example of native grasslands remaining in California.
		Plant species such as chamise ceonothus and manzanita are characterized by their tough, woody stems and small leaves which help conserve water.
	santarosaplateau.org /plants.html (298 words)

	SoCalCamping.com - Cleveland National Forest
		Soil temperature regimes are mostly mesic, and soil moisture regimes are xeric.
		The predominant natural plant communities at lower elevations are Chamise series, which is typically on shallow or stony soils, Mixed chaparral shrublands, and Live oak chaparral shrublands.
		Coast live oak series and Needlegrass grasslands are common in valleys.
	www.socalcamping.com /000cleveland/geology.html (366 words)

	Litha
		These are often likened to the Oak Tree, which represents the Sun, and the Holly Tree, which represents the darkness.
		The Oak tree is an almost universal symbol of strength and so represents the God's height of power at Midsummer.
		In California, we have perhaps the most diverse and numerous amount of Oak species in the world, including the Valley Oak, Black Oak, Coast Live Oak, Interior Live Oak, Engelmann Oak, Blue Oak and California Scrub Oak.
	home.earthlink.net /~yvonr/pagan/yearwheel/litha.html (282 words)

	Engelmann Oak [Quercus engelmannii Greene]
		Larger oaks sometimes occur in vast savannah grasslands such as at Guejito (Fallbrook sandy loam), Ballena (Las Posas fine sandy loam), and near Santa Ysabel and Mesa Grande (Holland stony fine sandy loam, Crouch rocky coarse sandy loam).
		Typically in such a situation the understory is relatively dense and the small oaks (even mature oaks in this habitat usually remain stunted) are concentrated on the periphery of watercourses or mesic slope aspects.
		Frequent Engelmann Oak hybrids, presumably with species of scrub oak, are often noted in the chaparral; typically these individuals are shrub-sized and exhibit much leaf variation.
	sandiego.sierraclub.org /rareplants/204.html (589 words)

	Habitats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Southern Oak woodland is found in sheltered inland valleys and canyons of Southern California below 5000 ft. It is dominated by one of three large oaks species, either coastal live oak, Engelmann oak, or golden-cup oak.
		These trees have deep root systems, and thus are not forced into dormancy, unlike many other plants, and their thick bark protects them from fire.
		Associated with the oaks are poison oak, California fl walnut, lemonadeberry, and sugar bush.
	www.lalc.k12.ca.us /UCLASP/local_habitats/habitats/southern_woodland.html (136 words)

	Cuttings Taken From Giant Oak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Engelmann oak has grown for hundreds of years, reaching the height of a seven-story building as the city has sprouted up around it.
		To the tree enthusiast, the native California oak is more than just big; it's a superlative, a ``national champion'' that dwarfs all others of its species.
		It's all part of an effort to clone the tallest examples of more than 800 indigenous species of American trees, perpetuating what members of the Champion Tree Project presume are superior genes.
	www.hypography.com /article.cfm?id=31561 (832 words)

	Coast Live Oak Profile
		The very narrow acorn of the Coast Live Oak.
		This tree is found along the Pacific Coast ranges from north of the SF Bay Area down to Baja California.
		The acorns of this tree provide food for fl bear, fl-tail deer, many species of birds including scrub jays as well as many rodents and squirrels.
	home.earthlink.net /~yvonr/trees/profiles/oakcl.html (220 words)

	Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The lands of the historic rancho, with its rolling hills, random stands of rare Engelmann oak, vernal pools on flat-topped mesas and perennial streams, provide all who choose to visit with a remarkably insightful and reflective sense of California's past.
		), one of the last stands of Engelmann oak, the last of the Southwestern Pond Turtle, red-legged frog, California Newt and many other vanishing species of plant and animals.
		Here is a classic California landscape of wind-rippled grasses, swaying poppies, statuesque oak trees, trickling streams, vernal pools, and a dazzling assortment of native plants (469 at last count) and animals.
	www.asmwest.com /scout588/boyscout/outdoors/santa_rosa_plateau.html?CFID=708265&CFTOKEN=2adab7dcd5dc2448-BEF6D73D-D0B7-9EA9-890E99C4CF563F01&jsessionid=9230380121103053120689 (655 words)

	Cuyamaca Rancho State Park Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The broadleaves include the white alder, Arizona ash, California sycamore, Fremont cottonwood, coast live oak, canyon live oak, Engelmann oak, California fl oak, oracle oak, Wislizenus (interior live) oak, and red willow.
		Detailed information about Cuyamaca area oak and pine trees is available at the park headquarters: Ask for a copy of the "Summary of the Natural and Cultural History of Cuyamaca Rancho State Park."
		On the large size, are the chamise, Eastwood manzanita, Cuyamaca manzanita, Mexican manzanita, cupleaf mountain lilac, whitebark mountain lilac, Pamer mountain lilac, mountain mahogany, creek dogwood, Parish goldenbush, yerba santa, Parish burning bush, toyon, California barberry, laurel sumac, hollyleaf cherry, western choke cherry, scrub oak, coffeeberry, western azalea, white sage, and elderberry.
	www.cuyamaca.statepark.org /plants.htm (365 words)

	Ecology Program Alumni
		My research focused on the interaction of insects with two species of native oaks in southern California: coast live oak and Engelmann oak.
		My research projects included studying the impact of prescribed burning on arthropods in oak woodlands, the impact of Engelmann oak planting practices on herbivory of seedlings, grasshopper feeding preference and performance on oak seedlings, and identification of insects feeding on oak acorns.
		I was able to present papers at many research conferences and was a teaching assistant throughout my time in graduate school before receiving a Masters of Science degree in Entomology in 2000.
	www.nolancatholichs.org /ecology/dunning.htm (524 words)

	Audubon: Pasadena Audubon Society--Birding Habitats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Contains bigcone spruce, canyon oak, Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, incense cedar and white fir.
		Contains canyon oak, Engelmann oak, interior live oak, coast live oak and California walnut.
		Plants are chest height, dense, prickly, and evergreen; typically contains chamise, yucca, ceanothus, scrub oak, laurel sumac, sages white and fl, poison oak, and in the higher elevations, manzanita and mountain mahogany.
	www.pasadenaaudubon.org /habitats.html (789 words)

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