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Topic: English Revolution

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	English Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first (1642–1645) and the second (1648–1649) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) was between supporters of Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.
		The wars led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then with a Protectorate (1653–1659) under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell.
		Before the War, Parliament was not a permanent feature of English government, but acted as a temporary advisory committee—summoned by the monarch whenever the monarch required additional tax revenue, and subject to dissolution at the monarch's will.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/English_Revolution (5777 words)

	Lecture 17: The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the 17th century, the English statesman and "Father of Modern Science, Francis Bacon (1561-1626), believed that natural philosophy (what we call science) could be applied to the solution of practical problems, and so, the idea of modern technology was born.
		English (and Dutch) farmers were the most productive farmers of the century and were continually adopting new methods of farming and experimenting with new types of vegetables and grains.
		England's agricultural revolution came as a result of increased attention to fertilizers, the adoption of new crops and farming technologies, and the enclosure movement.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/lecture17a.html (2881 words)

	English Civil War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because responsibility for collecting taxes was in the hands of the English (The most powerful members of a society) gentry, the English monarchs needed their help in order to guarantee that revenue came in without difficulty.
		Among the members elected was (English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)) Oliver Cromwell.
		The Civil War occurred at the point in English history at which the wealthy (The social class between the lower and upper classes) middle classes, already a powerful force in society, liquidated the outmoded medieval system of English government.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/en/english_civil_war.htm (6352 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: English Revolution of 1688
		The history of the Revolution resolves itself into a catalogue of various ill-judged measures which alienated the support of the Established Church, the Tory party, and the nation as a whole.
		The execution of Monmouth (July, 1685) made the Revolution possible, for it led to the Whig party accepting William of Orange as the natural champion of Protestantism against the attempts of James.
		So far as the English Catholics were concerned, the result of the Revolution was that their restoration to freedom of worship and liberation from the penal laws was delayed for a century and more.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13007b.htm (1919 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - English Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		English Revolution, also called the Puritan Revolution, general designation for the period in English history from 1640 to 1660.
		In November 1641 English parliamentary leader John Pym, backed chiefly by members of the House of Commons, gained parliamentary approval for the...
		The Battle of Marston Moor on July 2, 1644, during the English Civil War, was a resounding victory for the Parliamentarians—those attempting to...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /English_Revolution.html (225 words)

	MSN Encarta - English Revolution
		Charles I, English king deposed and executed during the English Revolution
		It began with the calling of the Long Parliament by King Charles I and proceeded through two civil wars, the trial and execution of the king, the republican experiments of Oliver Cromwell, and, ultimately, the restoration of King Charles II.
		Closer at hand were questions of sovereignty in the English state and Puritanism in the church.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563157/English_Revolution.html (897 words)

	Lowell National Historical Park - Industrial Revolution in England
		British historian Eric Hobsbawm sharply characterized English industrial history: "Whoever says Industrial Revolution says cotton." Rapid industrialization transformed the lives of English men and women after 1750, and changes in cotton textiles were at the heart of this process.
		The manufacture and export of various cloths were vital to the English economy in the 17th and early 18th centuries.
		Before the Industrial Revolution, textiles were produced under the putting-out system, in which merchant clothiers had their work done in the homes of artisans or farming families.
	www.nps.gov /lowe/loweweb/Lowell_History/england.htm (399 words)

	The English Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The restoration of the monarchy marks the end of the radical phase of the revolution and the beginning of the counter-revolutionary phase.
		The English political elite held the monarchy in high regard, and through the restoration, returned to the principle of inheritance as a basis of legitimacy.
		The liberal revolution brought fundamental change to the English political system, but the counter-revolution, by restoring the monarchy, swung the pendulum back to some extent.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /westn/englishrev.html (481 words)

	Runtime Revolution - Design and programming for Professionals
		Revolution provides you with all the tools to build fantastic looking applications in no time at all - it includes a pre-built application shell plus all the interface widgets ready-made, in native look and feel for each of the major operating systems.
		Revolution allows you to design your application starting with the interface and then adding functionality, ensuring that you create a great user experience, and hence a great application, in the shortest possible time.
		Revolution's English-like scripting language, Transcript, is an 'instant' compiled high-level language with a vast library of commands and functions.
	revolution.runrev.com (372 words)

	[No title]
		And whereas the French Revolution was to revive the old Estates General that had quietly died since Henry IV and Louis XIV, the English Revolution, on the contrary, could show no comparable classical-conservative element.
		According to M. Guizot, the main result of the English Revolution was that it made it impossible for the king to rule against the will of Parliament and the House of COmmons.
		The English class of great landowners, allied with the bourgeoisie -- which, incidentally, had already developed under Henry VIII -- did not find itself in opposition -- as did the French feudal landowners in 1789 -- but rather in complete harmony with the vital requirements of the bourgeoisie.
	eserver.org /marx/1850-17c.england.txt (1303 words)

	§1. The revolution in English verse. III. Writers of the Couplet. Vol. 7. Cavalier and Puritan. The Cambridge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NO dogma of Dryden and the critics who were his contemporaries is more familiar than that which gave Edmund Waller the credit of bringing about a revolution in English verse.
		Waller taught it; he first made writing easily an art; first showed us to conclude the sense, most commonly in distichs, which, in the verse of those before him, runs on for so many lines together, that the reader is out of breath to overtake it.
		He was, indeed, the parent of English verse, and the first that showed us our tongue had beauty and numbers in it….
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/217/0301.html (519 words)

	FC.96 An overview of the English Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		While the individual events of the English Revolution could be somewhat involved and complicated, they did fit into a basic pattern.
		While the Glorious Revolution resulted in a political victory for a narrow upper class oligarchy, it opened the way for further reforms over the next 200 years to make England a more truly democratic society.
		Second, the Glorious Revolution gave all Englishmen a Bill of Rights guaranteeing such civil liberties as speech, assembly, religion (except for Catholics and Unitarians at this time), and due process of law.
	www.flowofhistory.com /Reading96.EnglishRev.htm (1244 words)

	Socialism and the English Revolution of 1688 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was "revolution in permanence", while the affair to which Trotsky gave that name was an authoritarian straitjacket.
		Having curbed the democracy of the Revolution in the service of historical necessity, Cromwell in the ebb of revolutionary vigour established a personal dictatorship, which in turn accelerated the regression towards monarchy.
		English capitalism, because of the Puritan yeast at work within it, did not act rationally in the social sphere for the purpose of maximising and perpetuating the exploitation of labour.
	members.aol.com /BevinSoc/L81688.htm (4407 words)

	REVOLUTION - Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The violence of revolutions is generally proportioned to the degree of the maladministration which has produced them.
		Note: When used without qualifying terms, the word is often applied specifically, by way of eminence, to: (a) The English Revolution in 1689, when William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in place of James II.
		(c) The revolution in France in 1789, commonly called the French Revolution, the subsequent revolutions in that country being designated by their dates, as the Revolution of 1830, of 1848, etc.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/revolution (431 words)

	The English Revolution, 1647-49
		The English did want the Scots army to return home, and when Charles would not agree to a peace treaty, they simply paid off the Scots.
		Amongst advocates of a National Church, there was friction between the Scots who (supported by many English ministers) wanted a clericalist settlement, and much of the gentry who wanted the lay elite to control the Church through Parliament and the secular Courts.
		English politicians, such as William Prynne and Denzil Holles showed Erastian tendencies that outraged the Scots, but shared with Presbyterians a belief in the enforcement of religious uniformity through a hierarchical state church.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/361/361-28.htm (3166 words)

	The English Revolution 1640 by Christopher Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The most usual explanation of the seventeenth-century revolution is one that was put forward by the leaders of the Parliament of 1640 themselves in their propaganda statements and appeals to the people.
		Now, it is true that the English Revolution of 1640, like the French Revolution of 1789, was a struggle for political, economic and religious power, waged by the middle class, the bourgeoisie, which grew in wealth and strength as capitalism developed.
		The revolutions in industrial and agrarian technique which were to change the face of England in the eighteenth century would have been impossible without the political revolution of the seventeenth century.
	www.marxists.org /archive/hill-christopher/english-revolution (17677 words)

	english revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Glorious Revolution of 1688 This well-presented site from the University Of Georgia, based on the research and works of two of the members of its law school, is 'intended to serve as a...
		The English Revolution was a bourgeois revolution, not a socialist revolution...
		The English Revolution and the transition from feudalism to capitalism...
	www.english-megasite.com /articles/12/english-revolution.html (599 words)

	The Causes of the English Revolution, 1529-1642: Revised Edition: Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Causes of the English Revolution examines the factors leading up to the deposition of Charles I in 1642 and analyses the crisis of confidence at the root of his demise.
		That revolution, Stone maintains, was in a real sense caused by the dissolution of government (rather than causing its dissolution); that "class" warfare along Marxist explanatory lines is not applicable to the revolution and; that the revolution was more than a reaction to unpopular monarch.
		His discussion of the weak reach of the Tudor bureaucracy and its corresponding lack of credibility as a legal enforcer, and his discussion of the impact of Puritan thought are especially compelling.
	www.worldwar1.co.uk /books-plain/0415266734.html (416 words)

	Dreams of equality: the levelling poor of the English Revolution
		According to this account, the revolution shifted the balance of power decisively in favour of the emerging capitalists, and in turn facilitated the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century.
		Yet despite the ongoing controversy which surrounds interpretations of the revolution, one important element has been neglected by historians: while many have examined the role of the aristocracy and the 'middling sort' in the events of the mid-17th century, few have given equal weight to the role played by the poor.
		During the revolution it was the poor who formed the backbone of the parliamentary forces and, in 1649, it was the poor, those who had no interest in maintaining the hierarchy and economic inequality of society, who were the basis for any extension of the revolution.
	pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk /isj84/cox.htm (2703 words)

	CHRISTOPHER HILL: THE CLASS STRUGLE OF THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION. Free term papers for college, book reports and research ...
		Later, he attributed the revolution to this by citing the middle class upheaval as being the primary source.
		The English revolution, like the revolt of the Netherlands eighty years earlier, and the French revolution one hundred and fifty years later, started with a revolt of the nobles.
		One difference though between the English Revolution and that of the French is that there were no intellectual origins like there was at the time of the latter.
	www.essayexpress.com /essay/003700.html (1925 words)

	PlanetPapers - English Revolution
		For the petty bourgeoisie of the Army, despite the warnings of many of the Leveller leaders, allowed themselves to be distracted from establishing their own liberties in England and, deluded by religious slogans, to destroy those of the Irish.
		Cromwell dissolved the Long Parliament forcibly in 1653, nominated a convention of his own adherents (the Barebones Parliament), which revived the social and economic demands of the petty bourgeoisie and had to be hastily dissolved.
		With the approval and financial backing of the Scottish gentry, he marched down from Scotland with his purged and disciplined army, and declared for a free Parliament elected on the old franchise, to the applause of the bourgeoisie and gentry.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/5080.php (886 words)

	Greenwood Publishing Group I1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the struggle for democratic reform, and in its ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity, the French Revolution represented a broad humanistic spirit that swept across Europe at the close of the 18th century.
		The Revolution fostered one of the largest and broadest debates in literary and cultural history, a war of ideas that encompassed philosophy, theories of history, the study of language, and the history of art.
		By analyzing a broad range of writers and artists who shaped and were shaped by the French Revolution, the volume dramatizes the scope and diversity of the debate, thus offering an interdisciplinary analysis of the debate as a whole and an emphasis on the extent to which "all thinking minds" were drawn to the topic.
	info.greenwood.com /books/0313304/0313304963.html (420 words)

	Criticism: Ehud's Dagger: Class Struggle in the English Revolution - Book Review
		First, that the English Revolution was both cause and consequence of the transition from feudalism to capitalism.
		Second, that the English Revolution may be understood as a class struggle, a "struggle among various groups that were endeavoring to maintain or transform the relations of production" (88).
		For those who reject these theses, or who did so years ago, when Marxist accounts of the English Revolution went out of favor, the book demonstrates that the history of popular collective praxis is a viable method, preferable to other explanatory models, specifically new historicism and revisionism.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2220/is_2_44/ai_96377780 (901 words)

	Christopher Hill - Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution Revisited
		This is a revised edition of Christopher Hill's examination of the motivations behind the English Revolution, first published in 1965.
		The text poses the problem of how, after centuries of rule by king, lords, and bishops, when the thinking of all was dominated by the established church, English men and women found the courage to revolt against Charles I, abolish bishops, and execute the king in the name of his people.
		The author examines the intellectual forces which helped to prepare minds for a revolution that was much more than the religious wars and revolts which had gone before, and which became the precedent for the great revolutionary upheavals of the future.
	www.quelle.org /emes/emesbook/feature7.html (180 words)

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