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Topic: English as a lingua franca for Europe

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	A stateless language that Europe must embrace \| Guardian Weekly \| Guardian Unlimited
		English is particularly suitable as Europe's lingua franca because of its functional flexibility and spread across the world, and because English is already "de-nativised" to a large extent: the global number of non-native speakers is now substantially larger than its native speakers (about 4:1).
		English is no longer "owned" by its native speakers because acculturation and nativisation processes have produced a remarkable diversification of the English language into many non-native varieties.
		English as a lingua franca is nothing more than a useful tool: it is a "language for communication", a medium that is given substance with the different national, regional, local and individual cultural identities its speakers bring to it.
	www.guardian.co.uk /GWeekly/Story/0,3939,475288,00.html (1038 words)

	English language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		English is an Anglo-Frisian language brought to south-eastern Great Britain in the 5th century AD by Germanic settlers from various parts of northwest Germany (Saxons, Angles) as well as Denmark (Jutes).
		English is a pluricentric language, without a central language authority like France's Académie française; and although no variety is clearly considered the only standard, there are a number of accents considered as more formal, such as Received Pronunciation in Britain or the Bostonian dialect in the US.
		English as a lingua franca for Europe is a new variant of the English language created to become the common language in Europe, spoken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/English_language (6373 words)

	Lingua franca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Occasionally the term "lingua franca" is applied to a fully established formal language; thus formerly it was said that French was the lingua franca of diplomacy.
		During the Middle Ages, the lingua franca was Greek in the parts of Europe and Middle East where the Byzantine Empire held hegemony, and Latin was primarily used in the rest of Europe.
		Swahili is used throughout large parts of East Africa as a lingua franca, despite being the mother tongue of a relatively small ethnic group on the East African coast and nearby islands in the Indian Ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lingua_franca (2052 words)

	sociology - English language
		English has lingua franca (diplomatic language) status in many parts of the world, due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the United Kingdom in the 18th and 19th centuries and the United States beginning in the 20th century.
		English is the primary language in Australia (Australian English), the Bahamas, Barbados (Caribbean English), Bermuda, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica (Jamaican English), New Zealand (New Zealand English), Antigua, St.
		English is the most widely used "second" and "learning" language in the world, and as such, many linguists believe, it is no longer the exclusive cultural emblem of "native English speakers," but rather a language that is absorbing aspects of cultures worldwide as it grows in use.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/English_language (2913 words)

	English_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		English is the most widely taught and understood language in the world, and sometimes is described as a lingua franca[1].
		English is an Anglo-Frisian language brought to southeastern Great Britain in the 5th century AD by Germanic settlers from various parts of northwest Germany (Saxons, Angles) as well as Jutland (Jutes).
		English is noted for the vast size of its active vocabulary and its fluidity.
	www.school-explorer.com /English (6175 words)

	VOICE - Publications related to VOICE
		The relationship of lexicogrammatical correctness and communicative effectiveness in English as a lingua franca: A case study of international students' conversations.
		Phatic communion in English as a lingua franca.
		A corpus-based study of the grammar of English as a lingua franca.
	www.univie.ac.at /voice/voice.php?page=publications (525 words)

	Macmillan News and Views - Features
		She is professor of Applied Linguistics and head of the English language programme at the University of Hamburg.
		She is currently researching the nature of interactions in English as a lingua franca, and the influence English may have on discourse norms in other European languages via translation and multilingual text production.
		English as a lingua franca (ELF) is a language for communication, and as such the "property" of all European speakers whose native languages will continue to serve as languages for identification, i.e., means for speakers to identify with their linguistic community's cultural heritage.
	www.macmillaneducation.com /Globaldebate/speaker.htm (926 words)

	Translation into English - Translation from English
		English is the first language of about 380 million people and the second language of up to 1 billion people.
		English is now the most widely learned second language in the world owing to the global influence of native English speakers in cinema, airlines, broadcasting, science, and the Internet in recent decades.
		English as a lingua franca for Europe (ELFE), is a concept promoted by many linguists that aims to standardize the use of English in the EU.
	www.betranslated.com /english-translation.html (807 words)

	Are Swiss English teachers ready for Euro-English?
		English has for some time had the status of a lingua franca, a language used for communication by speakers of different mother tongues, in regions such as South Asia or Africa, where former British colonies consisting of multiple ethnic groups have become nations.
		A more recent phenomenon is the use of English as a lingua franca in Europe, where it is projected that two-thirds of all inhabitants will know English as a second language by 2050 (Graddol 1999).
		This increase in English ability is largely due to the predominance of English in a number of fields in which international communication is crucial, e.g., business, science, technology, tourism and sports.
	www.babylonia-ti.ch /BABY102/murren.htm (429 words)

	Will English be forever the lingua franca of Europe? (Linguistics)
		Nor is the USA and its economy the driving force behind English as a de facto global lingua franca, tho\' it may once have been, as was the British empire.
		Speakers of English as a second language probably outnumber those who speak it as a first language--around 750 million people are believed to speak English as a foreign language.
		While languages such as English, German, and French have been international languages because of their governments’ political powers, this is less likely to be the case in the 21st century where economics and demographics will have more influence on languages.
	www.proz.com /post/46515 (2241 words)

	English - the universal language on the Internet?
		The reasons for the position of English are the imperialism and economical and political importance of English-speaking countries.
		English has a very rich repertoire of idioms, and it typically has several words which have the same basic meaning but different connotations and stylistic value.
		English is an eclectic language which tends to borrow words from other languages instead of constructing words for new concepts from older words with derivation or word composition.
	www.cs.tut.fi /~jkorpela/lingua-franca.html (3963 words)

	Macmillan News and Views - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Juliane House will present the case for promoting English as Europe's lingua franca by drawing the distinction between a "language for communication" and a "language for identification".
		Barbara Seidlhofer will explore what the latest corpus research - the analysis of vast amounts of electronically stored written and spoken text - tells us about English as a lingua franca and the radical changes curricula and methodology may undergo in the near future.
		Jennifer Jenkins will consider the emergence of a hybrid European accent and illustrate her "pronunciation core" of English when it is spoken internationally.
	www.macmillaneducation.com /Globaldebate/present.htm (150 words)

	Equinox - Books - Book Details
		Europe is going through a period of sustained and extensive social, political and economic transition, with language playing a pivotal role in this complex process.
		The papers in this volume address key issues including: nature and extent of multilingualism and multiculturalism; the role of English in the Europe Union; language, languages and democracy; and language and literacy development in emerging contexts.
		Unity in Diversity: English as a Lingua Franca for Europe Juliane House, University of Hamburg
	www.equinoxpub.com /books/showbook.asp?bkid=203 (217 words)

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