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Topic: English claims to the French throne

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	English claims to the French throne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of England was ruled by a French descended and French-speaking aristocracy when this title was first adopted in 1340 by King Edward III, who claimed the throne of France after the death of his uncle Charles IV of France, thereby precipitating the Hundred Years' War.
		Both the French and the English relied on competing interpretations of the 5th century Salic law.
		George III chose to drop his claim to the French Throne, whereupon the fleur de lis, part of the coat of arms of all claimant Kings of France since the time of Edward III, was also removed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne (1879 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: France
		Piety had been for the kings of France, set on their thrones, set on their thrones by the Church of God, as it were a duty belonging to their charge or office; but in the piety of St. Louis there was a note all his own, the note of sanctity.
		Henry of Navarre, the heir presumptive to the throne, was a Protestant; Sixtus V had given him the choice of remaining a Protestant, and never reigning in France, or of abjuring his heresy, receiving absolution from the pope himself, and, together with it, the throne of France.
		During the course of the nineteenth century French diplomacy at Rome and in the East has aimed at safeguarding the prerogatives of France as patron of Oriental Christendom, and of thus justifying the traditional trust of the Orientals in the "Franks" as the natural champions of Christianity in the Ottoman Empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06166a.htm (15017 words)

	:: Shakespeare ::
		Though his claim to the throne was tenuous and few in England could even hope that stability had at last come to that troubled land, he was to begin a dynasty that lasted 118 years.
		In understanding the spate of executions and the ridding of even those with the slightest of claims to the throne, we have to remember the infertility of the Tudors, a curse that was to haunt them.
		When Henry Tudor ascended the throne as Henry VII, the foundations of the great Welsh landed-estates had been laid and much of the day-to-day affairs of the nation were controlled by its landed squires, many of whom had descended from English families and intermarried with their Welsh counterparts.
	www.english.ilstu.edu /tlthomps/222/history.html (15128 words)

	The French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The French monarchy suddenly grew in prestige and importance as the barons began to regard Louis as the counter-balance to Henry II.
		The daughter of a farmer, she claimed to have heard the voice of God that proclaimed Charles the rightful king and obligated her to dress as a warrior and inspire the French to gather their forces against the English.
		She would later be the person responsible for defeating the English seige of the city of Orléans, but she was captured by the Burgundians and handed over to the English, who burned her as a heretic.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/FRENCH.HTM (6065 words)

	Military History Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The French were on the march in Algeria and West Africa, and jockeying for power in China and Vietnam.
		French capital was instrumental in constructing a canal across the Suez to link Europe with the East.
		Meanwhile the French and the Mexican exiles were able to woo the somewhat uncertain Maximilian to assume the throne.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /19thcentury/articles/FrenchInMexico.aspx (5025 words)

	Hundred Years War
		Marriage alliances and wars had altered the nature of the English titles in France, but, at the death of the French king Charles IV in 1328, Edward III of England was also duke of Guyenne (part of Aquitaine in southwestern France) and count of Ponthieu (on the English Channel).
		Although Joan was captured by the Burgundians, sold to the English, and tried and executed for heresy, Philip the Good became convinced that the English could never impose their authority on a region as large as France without more support from the native nobility.
		The English, after their many successes and frustrations, were finally cured of their taste for continental intervention, and the English monarchs turned increasingly to the problems of internal development.
	history-world.org /hundred_years_war.htm (902 words)

	The Succession to the French throne
		French succession laws were never written down until the first written constitution, that of September 1791, which was in force for one year only.
		Under one interpretation of the French succession law, all the descendants of Felipe V are excluded from the throne, hence the issue of Louis-Philippe became rightful claimants in 1883.
		The Abdication of the throne of Spain by Felipe V (1724)
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/succession.htm (1500 words)

	Early kings: the French possessions
		When Henry V decided to assert a claim to the French throne, he was reopening a conflict that had continued off and on since William of Normandy conquered Anglo-Saxon England (1066).
		Henry V, for example, is convinced by the Archbishop of Canterbury* that his claim to the throne of France is legitimate, and thus sets in action the skirmishes that led to the battles of Harfleur and Agincourt (see 1.2.33ff).
		When the last of the Capetian dynasty of French kings (Charles IV) died heirless in 1327, Edward III became the closest male in the line of succession; but his claim was passed over by French nobles in favour of Charles' cousin, Philip of Valois.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLT/history/normans.html (526 words)

	History of THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The claim of Charles's elder daughter is rejected on the grounds of her sex, even though the Salic law is not yet officially enshrined in the French system.
		One such element is the presence in England of disaffected French nobles urging Edward to press his claim to the throne of France.
		Another is French support for the boy king of Scotland, David II, in his struggle against rivals sponsored by the English.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac13 (1948 words)

	JOAN OF ARK
		This rescue however never was a glorious feat as the English did nothing to prevent Joan from entering the city and her feat of arms was limited to a brief skirmish.
		Joan was then handed over to the English occupant who decided to have her judged as a witch by a French court so as to cast discredit on the crowning of Charles.
		In 1428 many members of the French court thought that this girl who came from nowhere was in fact utterly mad but Charles suddenly felt he finally had nothing to lose in choosing her as his champion even though at the risk of facing harsh criticisms.
	www.artcult.com /arc.html (739 words)

	[Jeanne d'Arc]>> Battle>Bretigny
		In may 1360 the English negotiators led by the old Duke of Lancaster, Henry of Grosmont, who seems to have held the position of Foreign minister in Edward's government, and French councillors led by the Bishop of Beauvais agreed on outline peace plans.
		In return, Edward would drop al his claims to the French throne and cease quartering the lilies with the leopards of England on his arms.
		In all previous treaties, even in the general terms drafted at Brétigny, the Two Kings had mutually agreed to renounce their rival claim to the throne of France and sovereignty of Aquitaine as part of the basic agreement.
	www.jeanne-darc.dk /p_war/0_battles/bretigny.html (379 words)

	Joan of Arc resource page - saint joan of arc
		The future French king Charles VII assumed the title of dauphin as heir to the throne at the age of fourteen after all four of his older brothers had died.
		This fell to French assault on 7 May. Contemporaries acknowledged Joan as the hero of the engagement after she pulled an arrow from her own shoulder and returned wounded to lead the final charge.
		At present the controversial French political party Front National holds rallies at her statues, reproduces her likeness in party publications, and uses a tricolor flame partly symbolic of her martyrdom as its emblem.
	www.bizhisto.com /Joan_of_Arc.php (4498 words)

	The Nationality Requirement in the French succession laws
		The notion that French nationality was required to inherit the French crown is one that appears in the 16th century.
		At this point, on March 13, Prince Sixte (1886-1934) sued to have the 1910 agreement annulled under French law which mandates equal division of inheritances, to have Chambord declared the undivided property of the co-heirs, Elias deprived of his share for having diverted part of the succession for his profit, and the sequester lifted.
		The two brothers sued jointly in 1924, claiming to be sole rightful owners of Chambord, and to be not enemies, by virtue of having served in the Belgian Red Cross and the Belgian army during the war, and being French as descended from Louis XIV.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/nationality.htm (3167 words)

	Saint Joan of Arc, a Modern Day Hero for All
		On the side of the Saint-Loupe Gate, "the English were readying themselves for an active defense when Joan arrived before them, and as soon as the French saw Joan, they began to raise a shout, and took the Bastille and fortress" (Pernoud 44).
		"The French, universally judged to be utterly defeated, had risen and countered the greatest military effort of their conquerors and this feat was credited to a young girl of sixteen or seventeen" (Pernoud 55).
		In June 1429, Joan captured the English forts at Jargeau on the twelfth, Beaugency on the seventeenth, and Patay on the eighteenth.
	www.stjoan-center.com /topics/Arnold.html (1535 words)

	CliffsNotes::Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:Book Summary and Study Guide
		The masters of the genre were the French, most notably Chrètien de Troyes, who wrote a definitive group of Arthurian romances in the late 1100s.
		French dominance of this field, with its legendary history of England, was part of a larger cultural tension.
		By contrast, in English Arthurian tales, Gawain is almost always upheld as the paragon of knightly virtue, and in a sense, he becomes a specifically English model of the ideal knight.
	www.cliffsnotes.com /WileyCDA/LitNote/id-173,pageNum-2.html (719 words)

	France History The Hundred Years' War - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		The Norman conquest of England in 1066 had entwined the fortunes of the French and English monarchies, and with the Capetian line in decline, England pursued its claims in France.
		Henry V of England defeated the French at Agincourt in 1415, and in 1420 Charles IV made Henry heir to the throne of France.
		Henry's forces were defeated by French armies inspired by Joan of Arc, and in 1429 his claim to the French throne was overturned.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/france/french_history_100_years_war.html (183 words)

	Fr. Nicoll's Course Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The former retained the nominal overlordship of the French until it was incorporated with its capital at Barce-lona in the Spanish kingdom of Aragon in 1137.
		His primary goals were to strengthen the power of the crown, to establish a loyal oligarchy of nobles as underpinning to the throne, and to strengthen the Franco Castilian anti English alliance that had won the war.
		The other major function of the Cortes was to exert a degree of influence in ratifying the succession to the throne and the estab-lishment of regencies during the minorities of young rulers.
	www.loyno.edu /~nicoll/WorldCivFall/17engfrager.htm (8337 words)

	Peace of Utrecht — FactMonster.com
		By the treaty between England and France (Apr. 11, 1713), Louis XIV recognized the English succession as established in the house of Hanover and confirmed the renunciation of the claims to the French throne of Louis's grandson, Philip V of Spain.
		Melchior de Polignac - Polignac, Melchior de, 1661–1742, French diplomat, churchman, and author, cardinal of the...
		French and Indian Wars: Queen Anne's War - Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War (1702–13) corresponds to the War of the Spanish Succession.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0850271.html (421 words)

	Utrecht, Peace of. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The French fortifications of Dunkirk were to be razed and the harbor filled up, and the Hudson Bay territory, Acadia, St. Kitts, and Newfoundland were ceded to England.
		By a treaty with the Netherlands (Apr. 11, 1713) France agreed to surrender to Austria the Spanish Netherlands still in French hands; these were to be held in trust by the Netherlands until the conclusion of a treaty between the Netherlands and the Holy Roman emperor.
		The Anglo-Spanish treaty (July 13, 1713) confirmed the clauses of the Anglo-French treaties relating to the English and French successions.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ut/UtrechtPc.html (387 words)

	FCNL, James Woolsey, Iraq
		That conflict between France and England, which ran intermittently from 1337-1453, interlaced a number of critical issues: free trade, English land claims in France and claims to the French throne, and the struggle for European maritime supremacy.
		But unable to drive home his advantage and seize the French throne, Edward agreed to peace in 1360.
		In 1429, French forces inspired by Joan of Arc lifted the siege of Orleans, and from 1435 to 1453, additional French successes combined with internal English financial woes and indifference to continuation of the war effectively brought it to an end.
	www.fcnl.org /issues/int/sup/iraq_100years.htm (686 words)

	Red Dwarf References List
		Eventually captured by the English, she was interrogated and tricked into admissions of witchcraft; soon afterwards she was burned at the stake in Rouen.
		After the French Revolution in 1789, Louis and his family lost power, but not until 1792 were the Royal Family taken prisoner by the French government.
		English folk dancing involving dressing up in belled costumes and being subjected to the clonk of wood on wood; the dancers' faces may also sometimes be fled.
	www.fortunecity.com /underworld/f22/161/rdrl.html (15959 words)

	little_details: 16th century Irish Names
		In the real world, there were still massive links between England and France - Henry VI had had a theoretical claim on the French throne (not one the French royal family were going to uphold) as the son of Henry V - he was actually crowned King of France as a baby.
		Henry VII's claim to the English throne wasn't due to his Welsh connections, but through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, who traced her ancestry back to John of Gaunt.
		Then, the daughter would have the English name of Princess Niamh of the House of Burke, and the Irish name of Niamh inghean Burke.
	community.livejournal.com /little_details/971188.html (1583 words)

	[No title]
		French professor of law at Poitiers until at least 1494.
		When the French king increased his pressure on the university to acknowledge the Avignonese Pope Clement VII, Henricus answered with pamphletes that called ofr a general council to end of schism.
		In this function he wrote numerous consilia, such as one supporting the English king's claims to the French throne according to the treaty of Troyes (1420), and was often involved in high politics.
	faculty.cua.edu /pennington/1298h-j.htm (10977 words)

	ENH221 Survey of English Literature Before 1800 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		War and disease were prevalent; Edward III tried to enforce his claims on the French throne, and between one-fourth and one-third of Europe's population died from bubonic plague, the Black Death.
		century, English began replacing French in higher circles, and English was elevated to the literary language of England.
		Although there were civil wars in England, known as the War of the Roses, the English won their war with the French, and towns continued to prosper.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~caylor/index221_files/lesson3.htm (1233 words)

	Maps from Rapin's History of England
		Paul de Rapin (1661-1725) was born in Castes and educated at the Protestant academy of Saumur.
		The work was an attempt to be exhaustive in the spirit of the eighteenth century philosophies by treating the subject from prehistoric times up to the date of publication.
		To reach the goal of separating the crowns of France and Spain, the treaties required Felipe V to relinquish all claims to the French throne, and the remaining French princes to relinquish all claims to the Spanish throne.
	www.philaprintshop.com /rapin.html (805 words)

	Historical Contexts: English 114EM
		Civil war throughout the 1640s: Royalists/Cavaliers support the king's absolute authority (and right to govern without consulting Parliament) and Parliamentarians/Roundheads fight against this and what they see as his pro-Catholic leanings.
		Cromwell as Protector; Charles's family on Continent, broke and urging the French to intervene and restore the Stuart line.
		The Intellectual and Cultural Context of English Literature, 1603-1700 (Longman, 1989).
	www.english.ucsb.edu /faculty/ecook/courses/eng114em/chronology.htm (480 words)

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