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Topic: English compounds

Related Topics

Compound noun and adjective

Compound (linguistics)

Compound

Root morpheme

Chemical compound

English plural

Analytic language

Affixation

Phonetics

	ENGLISH COMPOUNDS : Encyclopedia Entry
		English compounds may be classified in several ways, such as the word classes or the semantic relationship of their components.
		Compounds that contain affixes, such as house-build(er) and single-mind(ed)(ness), as well as adjective-adjective compounds and verb-verb compounds, such as blue-green and freeze-dry, are often hyphenated.
		Compound verbs composed of a noun and verb are comparatively rare, and the noun is generally not the direct object of the verb.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/English_compounds (0 words)

	§ 23. -man compounds. 5. Gender. The American Heritage Book of English Usage. 1996
		There are many compounds in English that are formed with man as the second element: words that describe occupations, such as alderman, councilman, deliveryman, fireman, and postman; words that describe one’s place in society, such as nobleman and workingman; even words that describe skills, such as craftsmanship, horsemanship, showmanship, and sportsmanship.
		In general, the Usage Panel is more accepting of -man compounds in words describing social roles, such as layman and freshman, than in occupational terms, such as spokesman and businessman.
		English also has a number of long-standing gender-neutral agent nouns, such as cleric and head, that you can avail yourself of.
	www.bartleby.com /64/C005/023.html (616 words)

	English Teaching Forum Online – Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
		A noun compound is a grammatical structure in which nouns are linked together to indicate a new concept.
		Adjectives are used in English to describe the characteristics of nouns, for example, a long table, a broken table, or a painted table.
		Making learners aware of the linkage between definitions, which they are usually familiar with, and noun compounds, which they are usually not familiar with, provides a means of demystifying a complex area of English grammar and thus potentially aiding their ESP reading comprehension skills.
	exchanges.state.gov /forum/vols/vol41/no3/p02.htm (0 words)

	COMPOUNDS, COMPOUNDING. The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. 1993
		Typically a compound begins as a kind of cliché, two words that are frequently found together, as are air cargo or light colored.
		If the association persists, the two words often turn into a compound, sometimes with a meaning that is simply the sum of the parts (light switch), sometimes with some sort of figurative new sense (moonshine).
		We can be sure we have a compound when the primary stress moves forward: normally a modifier will be less heavily stressed than the word it modifies, but in compounds the first element is always more heavily stressed.
	www.bartleby.com /68/98/1398.html (189 words)

	[No title]
		Compounds where the meaning of the compound cannot be derived directly from the meanings of the components are opaque or non-compositional, e.g., the English word strawberry and the Swedish word jordgubbe (meaning strawberry).
		Compounds in German, Swedish and Finnish are usually translated into English using a phrase construction, e.g., the German compound Fussballweltmeisterschaft is translated as "world soccer championship", the Swedish Eutanasifall as "incidents of euthanasia", and the Finnish Tietokonevirus as "computer virus" (3).
		Compounds and their features are described in this study from the information retrieval and cross-language information retrieval point of view, and therefore not all linguistic features for compound formation are considered in this study.
	informationr.net /ir/7-2/paper128.html (5909 words)

	Compound Noun Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		On the semantics of compounds and genitives in English.
		Compound fracture: The role of semantic transparency and morphological headedness.
		Compound Comprehension in Isolation and in Context: The Contribution of Conceptual and Discourse Knowledge to the Comprehension of German Novel Noun-Noun Compounds.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /~do242/allcompounds.p.html (2147 words)

	Needs of Basic English
		Are several word lists required: a basic Basic English for the student and an expanded Basic for the advanced student to be shared with the general public.
		Ogden was able to enlist the aid of the scientific community to develop the general science and several specific word lists, possibly because of the interest of existing agencies accustomed to the need for and experienced in the development of international standards.
		Its goal is to bring Basic English to the 21st Century with a place for volunteers to provide training, learners to practice, and projects to be done.
	www.basic-english.org /needs.html (1492 words)

	Language Miniatures 1: Noun compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		In other words, English speakers operate on the agreement that the right-hand member of any compound is going to be the key word, and that the left member will say something about it, normally by narrowing down and specifying the possibilities.
		Compounds are particularly interesting because, even though they consist of nothing but two (or sometimes three) words next to each other, every one has a sort of `mini-grammar' tucked into it, like a little collapsed sentence.
		Compounds are a kind of shorthand of speech, even little `nuggets of experience'.
	home.bluemarble.net /~langmin/miniatures/cpd4.htm (797 words)

	Subjects to be thought at English Department
		English compound as rule have solid or hyphenated spelling there are cases when one and the same word may have solid, hyphenated, or separate spelling in different content.
		The specific feature of English compound adjectives is that they can be formed from phrases in the process of speech; such compound adjectives are not included in to the dictionary.
		English compounds remained of free word groups in case the compound are written separately.
	members.tripod.com /zubairomari/id6.html (3563 words)

	On Revising Noun Compounds: Four Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		In fact, many noun compounds behave like common idioms in that they are common expressions whose meanings can't be strictly deduced from their parts but must be holistically understood (in much the way we understand "spill the beans" as "to disclose carelessly" without working through the individual meanings of "spill" and "beans.").
		Compounds that rely on idiomatic knowledge offer little resistance to readers who have been exposed to them and their specialized meanings—and this will include most adult readers in the culture.
		Noun compounds lend to prose a "heavy" quality as long as readers must process each part of the compound "one at a time." For example, a sentence like, "The vehicle body longtitudinal impact load should be increased," requires the reader to understand a five-noun chunk as the sentenial subject.
	jac.gsu.edu /jac/5.1/Articles/5.htm (4019 words)

	Untitled Document
		Compounds in English ivy include glycosides, which are toxic and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, nervous conditions and dermatitis in some individuals (Swearingen and Diedrich 2000).
		English ivy is a common groundcover with dark green, waxy leaves that become more rounded in shape as it climbs trees.
		English ivy is an extremely aggressive invader that threatens all types of vegetation in forested and open areas, due to the fact that it can grow on the ground AND in forest canopy.
	www.mattole.org /invasive_plants2/englishivy.htm (530 words)

	SFU Institutional Repository: Item 1892/87
		English noun-noun compounds are often translated into Russian as relational adjective-noun constructions with the adjective parallel in function to the non-head noun of a compound.
		However, a large subclass of English compounds which are sometimes referred to as ‘deverbal’ do not have a relational adjective-noun equivalent in Russian.
		It is proposed that this restriction is due to the morphological difference between English compounds and Russian relational adjective-noun constructions.
	ir.lib.sfu.ca /handle/1892/87 (0 words)

	VIEW ROA 738
		We propose an alternative account, based on the observation that certain English inflectional suffixes are more perceptible than others (-ing > -s > -ed), and that these suffixes are less crucial to lexical access and recovery of meaning than corresponding root-final segments.
		In the perception experiment, compounds with a nonsense word as modifier (e.g.
		These results suggest that English speakers' avoidance or inclusion of inflection in compounds is based not on Level Ordering, but on perceptibility as well as the status of the consonant as an affix.
	roa.rutgers.edu /view.php3?id=1015 (251 words)

	[No title]
		Prosodic Similarities Between English and Spanish In both English and Spanish stress is phonemic; that is, there is a difference in meaning between two words with different stress patterns.
		In English the compounds may be written as single words, separated words, or hyphenated words.
		Spanish favors, instead, a prepositional phrase construction for compounds: comida para gatos, escuela de noche, sopa de pollo In English compounds, the stronger stress is on the first word while in Spanish noun compounds, the stronger stress is on the second word.
	www.lionelkaufman.com /Stress.doc (938 words)

	Loglish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		English words or names that are characterologically equivalent to Lojban cmavo should generally be omitted, or else need to be prefaced by a special prefix like “eng” (for instance if one wants to refer to “Poe” in speech without confusing it with the cmavo “po”, one can simply refer to “eng Poe”)
		The use of English prepositions here may be scary, in the sense that the semantics of English prepositions as used in English is complex and difficult to formalize logically.
		Also, English idiomatic collocations like “rub_out” for “kill”, while technically usable within Loglish, will tend to be deprecated because of their potential to lead to parsing ambiguity.
	www.goertzel.org /new_research/Loglish.htm (3231 words)

	Lecture No. 11
		Compounds are not consistently marked in English spelling.
		Compound words are distinguished from similar analytical NPs (noun phrases) by reduced accent on the second word.
		Endocentric compounds belong the same referential category as their head, the word on the right; that is, a tablecloth is a kind of cloth, a straw hat is a kind of hat.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /linguistics/lectures/05lect11.html (235 words)

	English Ivy
		NOTE: Compounds in English ivy are somewhat toxic and include glycosides that cause vomiting, diarrhea, nervous conditions and dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
		English ivy also serves as a reservoir for bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa), a plant pathogen that is harmful to native trees such as elms, oaks, and maples.
		English ivy is a popular plant, recommended by Cooperative Extension offices for use as a low maintenance alternative to lawns.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /forestry/invasivetutorial/English_Ivy.htm (985 words)

	compounds - Linguistics - tribe.net
		Hyphens usually occur when a compound becomes more videly used or in order not to be confused within, for example; 'acetic acid solution' and "acetic-acid solution".
		In my experience, noun-noun compounds are defined as independent nouns strung together to make a phrase; this is a productive phenomenon, and the compounds are not necessarily ossified as a phrase.
		Compounds are compounds and there should be one fixed and clear explanation about it, don`t you think?
	linguistica.tribe.net /thread/40a9ce64-f8d0-4bdd-9d95-c1a0d64dae3e (2360 words)

	The Syntax of Words - The MIT Press
		The author contends that the syntax of words and the more familiar syntax involving relations among words must be defined by two discrete sets of principles in the grammar, but nevertheless that word structure has the same general formal properties as the larger syntactic structure and is generated by the same sort of rule system.
		One of its major conclusions is that English word structure can be "properly characterized solely in terms of a context-free grammar." Selkirk points out that the Semitic languages, for example, must be characterized in terms of a more elaborate schema.
		The second chapter is concerned with compounding, and probes the structure and "headedness" of compounds, verbal compounds, and the category type of English compounds.
	mitpress.mit.edu /catalog/item/default.asp?tid=7614&ttype=2 (240 words)

	IBM Technology Improves English Speaking Skills
		Learning conversational English is not easy, especially for those living in countries where English is not the first language.
		Teaching English as a second language necessitates spending a substantial amount of time and resources trying to improve the quality of English spoken by the students.
		In countries like India, not having enough teachers whose mother tongue is English compounds the problem.
	www.physorg.com /news81096427.html (555 words)

	All American: Language: Lexicon
		We turn now from English phonology to its lexicon--that is, from a study of the sounds in English to its stock of words.
		The most thorough source of information about English etymology is the Oxford English Dictionary, a 20-volume series that traces the histories of hundreds of thousands of English words back to their original languages or forms.
		English has only eight inflectional morphemes: -s (plural) and -s (possessive) are noun inflections; -s (3rd-person singular), -ed (past tense), -en (past participle), and -ing (present participle) are verb inflections; -er (comparative) and -est (superlative) are adjective and adverb inflections.
	www.uncp.edu /home/canada/work/markport/language/grammar/spg2001/lexicon.htm (1156 words)

	Compound Words
		If you were diagramming a sentence with a compound word, you would probably keep the words together, on the same horizontal line.
		To create the possessive of pluralized and compounded forms, a writer is wise to avoid the apostrophe -s form and use an "of" phrase (the "post genitive") instead: the meeting of the daughters-in-law, the schedule of half-moons.
		One of the most difficult decisions to make about possessives and plurals of compound words occurs when you can't decide whether the first noun in a compound structure is acting as a noun that ought to be showing possession or as what is called an attributive noun, essentially an adjective.
	grammar.ccc.commnet.edu /grammar/compounds.htm (1426 words)

	The verie height
		The Reformation contributed to the ascendancy of English because the religious disputations were for the most part conducted in English, and as a consequence of Reformation, translations of the Bible into the vernacular now had government and Church sanction.
		The vocabulary is adequate to the demands made on it (in the case of English, this meant that it had to expand its lexicon).
		The expansion of the English lexicon (vocabulary) during this period was to generate considerable controversy.
	wiz.cath.vt.edu /hel/helmod/ren.html (2022 words)

	Heads in morphology
		Tendencies in the truncation of loanword compounds in Japanese
		This paper deals with abbreviations of loanword compounds in Japanese from the viewpoint of the placement of heads in morphology in general.
		In general, we have reason to think that compounds are right-headed in Japanese: the right-hand element of compounds determines the semantic argument, as in [[roudou]N [kumiai]N]N ("labour union "), which is a kind of kumiai ("union"), not a kind of roudou ("labour").
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /ulcl/faculty/vdweijer/issues/nishweij.htm (317 words)

	On the idiomatic status of English compounds. (Linguistics). \| Studia Anglica Posnaniensia: international review of ...
		Zandvoort (1966: 277) writes to say that "English has a great many examples of vocables which, though felt and used as single words, are made up of two or more elements each of which may also be used as a separate word.
		It is shown, put briefly, that in original compounds only the first element is stressed (because of its being the distinctive part of the complex), e.g., goldfish, flbird, statesman, with occasional complete phonetic obscurity in the latter element, as in cupboard, forehead, or possibly in both, e.g., shepherd.
		The complexes showing a tendency towards becoming recent compounds are not easy to follow either; one can only wonder what it is that tells the native speaker to accentuate differently 'country 'town, 'country folk, 'countryman, 'country music, country 'house, (and also country 'seat) while both country 'dance and 'country dance are possible.
	www.accessmylibrary.com /coms2/summary_0286-11340444_ITM (0 words)

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