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Topic: English language numerals


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In the News (Mon 13 Oct 08)

  
 LINGUIST List 6.1334: English Numerals, Language and Dialect
This is that the forms of these numerals are one of the most important Germanic/Baltic isoglosses: 1, 2 + a reflex of the PIE root */lVikw-/ 'leave' (as in Gr leipo, L li-n-quo, etc.).
In popular language, "vernacular" generally means an informal way of speaking, and may include any "dirty words" and SLANG (the next term to be discussed).
In language engineering the problem comes up in the guise of decision whether to create another standard for a previously unwritten "language", or to teach children to read a previously established standard which was created from other speech varieties which are very close to the problem variety.
www.linguistlist.org /issues/6/6-1334.html   (1383 words)

  
 Hindi
In the meantime, the language of the indigenous population remained relatively free of borrowings from Persian and Arabic, and instead borrowed words and literary conventions from Sanskrit.
Proponents of English, on the other hand, argue that the use of Hindi is unfair because it disadvantages those who have to learn it as a second language.
Hindi is a Category II languages in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february/hindi.html   (1583 words)

  
 Language Log: One, two, many -- or 'small size', 'large size', 'cause to come together'?
The first small problem with the Reuters article is that the usual spelling for the language is "Pirahã", with a tilde over the final /a/, indicating that the vowel is nasalized.
At the same time, their language does have a distinction between count and mass nouns, so that there is the equivalent of the English difference between "{many/*much foreigners}" and "{*many/much manioc meal".
Results of numerical tasks with varying cognitive demands show that numerical cognition is clearly affected by the lack of a counting system in the language.
itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/001364.html   (1283 words)

  
 English as a Foreign Language - Publication Catalog
It is intended for students whose native language is not English.
Preparation: World English was written by a group of editors with vast experience in the preparation of language-instruction materials and in English-language teaching throughout the world.
Several editors were actively teaching English as they were working on the program, and they tested World English in their classrooms as it was being developed.
exchanges.state.gov /EDUCATION/ENGTEACHING/pubs/GC/7004TOC_nof.htm   (803 words)

  
 English alphabet and pronunciation
English is a West Germanic language related to Dutch, Frisian and German with a significant amount of vocabulary from French, Latin, Greek and many other languages.
English evolved from the Germanic languages brought to Britain by the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and other Germanic tribes, which are known collectively as Anglo-Saxon or Old English.
Estuary English (the English spoken in London, along the Thames estuary and in the southeast of England): http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/
www.omniglot.com /writing/english.htm   (160 words)

  
 Foreign Language Descriptors - Stage C
Retell a simple story representative of the areas where the target language is spoken.
Compare the value of the currency of the U.S. with the currency of a country where the target language is spoken.
Give examples of a variety of professions in which the target language may be used.
www.isbe.state.il.us /ils/foreign_languages/stage_C/descriptor.htm   (549 words)

  
 Ethnologue report for language code:eng
An additional 10,276 or 1.8% of population (1976 census) are part-European, and speak English and Fijian.
Second-language users (literate in English) are 71% of population (2000 census).
Nida, Eugene A. A synopsis of English syntax.
www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=eng   (1624 words)

  
 Number names
One example of duodecimal numerals is in use in the Chepang language[?] of Nepal.
However, their influence can still be seen in many cultures, such as in the imperial system of units, and the former British system of pounds, shillings and pence.
In many Asian languages, the great redundancy of English number words is avoided.
www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/nu/Number_names.html   (142 words)

  
 The Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) Language Family
Austronesian is one of the largest language families in the world, both in terms of the number of languages (1244) and in terms of its geographical extent.
These languages are widely spoken and understood as native or as second languages in their respective countries.
It is worth noting that many of the languages included in the Austronesian family have only a handful of speakers each, especially in Melanesia, where the average is roughly one language for every 1,500 people.
www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/june/austronesianLanguageFamily.html   (730 words)

  
 Language Log: The Straight Ones: Dan Everett on the Pirahã
I was co-editor of the volume in which the first full description of the Pirahand#227; language appeared (Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds., Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Volume 1, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 1986).
There have of course been anthropological hoaxes in the past; think of the Tasaday, thought to be an isolated group of stone-age survivals until their language was shown to share 85% of its vocabulary with Cotabato Manobo and its members were discovered to have been manipulated into play-acting by a Filipino official.
A rough English translation is 'the straight one[s]'.) I have lived in all their villages for an aggregate time now approaching 7 years.
itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/001387.html   (1270 words)

  
 Old English Language Grammar by Cyril Babaev
In Altaic languages, and also in Korean and Japanese, which are originally Altaic, the adjective plays the part of the predicate, and in Korean, for example, the majority of adjectives are predicative.
Later Germanic languages changed the sound in a different way: in Norwegian it remained as hv, in German turned into w (as in wer 'who', was 'what'), in English finally changed into wh pronounced in most cases [w], but somewhere also like [h] or [hw].
It is obvious that all Indo-European languages have the general trend of transformation from the synthetic (or inflectional) stage to the analytic one.
indoeuro.bizland.com /project/grammar/grammar42.html   (2598 words)

  
 Linguistic Rights - India
The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.
Provided that, until the Legislature of the state otherwise provides by law, the English language shall continue to be used for those official purposes within the state for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.
The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one state and another state and between a state and the Union:
www.unesco.org /most/lnindia.htm   (1020 words)

  
 English Translation Service - English to English Translation   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
You probably don't speak English yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent English perform our English to English translation.
www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/english_translation.shtml   (528 words)

  
 American Translation Service - English to American Translation   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent American perform our American to English translation.
Tactile Sign Language is used by over 900 persons in Louisiana who know ASL, but have lost their sight from a generic cause: Usher's Syndrome.
Pidgin Signed English is taught in schools in the USA rather than ASL.
www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/american_english_translation.shtml   (683 words)

  
 Ruby Quiz - English Numerals (#25)
All the solutions took advantage of this repetition, though I'd given irregular examples such as 'twelve hundred' or using 'and' to separate the final tens and ones from the rest of the number.
His general method was to convert the number to a string and split off the initial clause, generate the English form of that with a degree suffix and concatenate the result of a recursive call on the remaining part of the number.
A spirited defense of the purity of the English language.
www.rubyquiz.com /quiz25.html   (1053 words)

  
 Ukrainian Tutorial
The Ukrainian language bears the distinctive characteristics of the majority of Slavic languages, especially their Eastern branch, like three genders, seven cases, absence of articles and free word order.
Since that time and until the Soviet reign the Russian government issued barely 20 laws to forbid the usage of the Ukrainian language at schools, theatres, establishments.
This was made to forge one Eastern-Slavic nation with one language and one identity.
www.ielanguages.com /ukrainian.html   (486 words)

  
 CIC Canada | LINC: Guide for Applicants
Before language training can be provided, clients must be rated to determine their level of language proficiency.
Language training providers who are not funded by CIC are also invited to provide information about their services.
A limited knowledge of language and a limited exposure to sound-symbol relationship and spelling conventions in English limit the learner's ability to decode unfamiliar words.
www.cic.gc.ca /english/newcomer/linc-2e.html   (3793 words)

  
 The Eight Parts of Speech in the English Language
All of the words of the English language will be found to be one of the eight parts of speech.
The idea of place value means that the place where we put a numeral is as important as the value of the numeral itself.
The numeral "1" looks the same in each example.  But it is the zeros that make some of the "ones" worth more than another.
www.elduanewhatley.com /parts_8.htm   (403 words)

  
 Swahili Dictionary, Swahili ESL-English as Second Language, Swahili Games, Swahili Keyboard Stickers, Swahili Kids, ...
During the 19th century it was carried inland by Arab tradesmen, and was later adopted by the Germans as the language of administration in Tanganyika.
In modern Tanzania it is the national language, and in 1970 it was proclaimed the offical language of Kenya.
Whereas English grammatical inflections occur at the end of the word, in Swahili everything is done at the beginning.
www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Swahili.htm   (527 words)

  
 English-language numerals information - Search.com
There are two main English-language systems of number names: the short scale system (used in the United States, Canada and most of the English-speaking world) and the long scale system (used in most Germanic and Romance languages).
English name of a number CGI script that will return the name of a number (in American English) for any decimal number entered, no matter how large.
Indian English additionally uses the words lakh and crore to denote 100 thousand (lakh) or ten million (crore, i.e.
www.search.com /reference/English-language_numerals?redir=1   (495 words)

  
 Universal Language Dictionary Project
This vocabulary of 1600 terms, along with some knowledge of a language's grammar, enables one to engage in elementary conversation and correspondence on a wide variety of topics.
Pronouns, structural particles, articles, derivational affixes and similar morphemes are difficult to translate from one language to another, and every language has a different array of them, depending on its characteristics.
Each language is assigned a 3-character "tag"; this should be the first 3 letters of the language's actual name (e.g.
ogden.basic-english.org /dicintro.html   (880 words)

  
 cfp@english.upenn.edu
The boundaries are flexible: all English-language literatures, cultural studies, literary theory, bibliography, humanities computing, and comparative literature (even when not concerned specifically with English or American literature) are within the pale.
Due to the volume of postings and the fact that each posting must be approved and edited by hand, the CFP list and web archive is only for calls for papers, not for general conference announcements.
In 1995 the English Department at the University of Pennsylvania established the cfp@english.upenn.edu mailing list to facilitate the exchange of information on upcoming conferences and publication opportunities, and archives of the postings were later made available on the Web.
cfp.english.upenn.edu /cfp.html   (1084 words)

  
 Unicode Issues
So that all of the accented letters of the European languages have their own code (Ő is 0150), but Native American symbols, like Guaraní g̃ have to be made up from two codes, 0067 (g) and 0303 (combining ~) or Dene Ų̀.
Several languages have yet to be encoded, and others are not going to be, like many fictional constructed languages.
The most pressing problem is that in some languages such as Dene, there is a big difference between the finals at the middle of the line and those at the top.
www.languagegeek.com /issues/unicode.html   (1772 words)

  
 Office of Multicultural Student Language Education OMSLE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
On the contrary, they are based on the premises that students are expected to attain the same high level English language arts and non-language content standards as native English-speaking students.
The ESOL standards have been developed to include those English language skills that LEP students have not yet acquired but that are characteristic of native-English-speakers of the same age and, most importantly, are fundamental to the full attainment of English language arts and other non-language standards.
It should not matter which kind of ESOL instructional program model is being implemented to deliver the language arts content, as long as the LEP student is being taught language arts using the strategies germane to his/her language proficiency level, and as long as he/she has been placed in the appropriate grade level.
www.firn.edu /doe/omsle/eg3.htm   (2017 words)

  
 Amazon.ca: Cassell's Latin and English Dictionary: Books: D. P. Simpson   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
The greatest name in foreign language dictionaries is Cassell, the preeminent publisher of dictionaries for over 120 years.
This topselling dual language dictionary has been updated to include a brief history of Latin, pronunciation, syllable divisions, meters, verb conjugations, declensions, prefixes and suffixes, and numerals.
Because of the natural growth of language due to progress of technology and ideas, many English words will not be found, as there are no Latin equivalents.
www.amazon.ca /Cassells-Latin-English-Dictionary-Simpson/dp/0020133405   (1504 words)

  
 Inutilities In The English Language
This critic challenges my contention that English verbs and pronouns are needlessly complicated, arguing, in effect, that the idle intricacies of the English language have made England and India more prosperous than France and Germany.
It probably took ages to convert from Roman numerals to Arabic numerals, and it seems to be taking forever to convert to the metric system.
And a very noticeable fact is that the English language could stand reform.
www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/apr/article133.html   (622 words)

  
 Tundrian Language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
It is the principal language of an imaginary country (Tundria) whose history goes back even further, to when I was about 6.
Tundrian is a Romance language, with all the grammatical paraphernalia one would expect from a language of that family.
It would not be an easy language to learn, but developing a complex grammar is one of the pleasures of conlanging.
www.tundria.com /TundrianLanguage/tundrianindex.shtml   (157 words)

  
 Pidgin
About 400 languages are spoken in Nigeria but only few literary works have been written in any of the major languages, e.g.
Most writers have adopted the language of the colonizers which is also the official language of the country.
The three largest language groups in Nigeria are Hausa in the North (23.2 million speakers), Yoruba in the Southwest (22.6 million speakers) and Igbo in the Southeast (18.4 million speakers).
members.aol.com /AfriPalava2/Pidgin.html   (2230 words)

  
 Reviews: Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
Long before the monumental Oxford English Dictionary was completed, the need for a condensed version had already been recognised—2002 is in one way the centenary of the Shorter OED, as work on it began in 1902, though its first edition came out only in 1933.
As you would expect from an extraction of the essence of the OED, it is firmly based on historical principles, so dealing with the development of the language over time, rather than being a snapshot of the language as it is today.
The growth in English vocabulary in the past decade means many new words have been added (about 3500 altogether), connected with politics, biotechnology, electronics, telecommunications, the Internet, and other fields.
www.worldwidewords.org /reviews/re-sho1.htm   (727 words)

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