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	bow and arrow. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It was, however, slower to fire than the longbow and almost as difficult to wield; even the arbalest, a later crossbow, was clumsy and slow.
		The longbow, which was in use in Wales in the 12th cent.
		For the rest of that century, the English emphasized skill with the longbow; it was inexpensive, mobile, and easily adapted to a peasant army.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bo/bowNarro.html (519 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Longbow
		Longbows have been used for hunting and warfare, by many cultures around the world, a famous example being the English longbow, during the Middle Ages.
		In the Middle Ages the Welsh and the English were famous for their very heavy, long-ranged English longbows, used to great effect in the civil wars of the period and against the French in the Hundred Years' War (with notable success at the battles of Crécy (1346), Poitiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415)).
		Longbows, because of their narrow limbs and rounded cross-section (which does not spread out stress within the wood as evenly as a flatbow’s rectangular cross section), need to be either less powerful, longer or of more elastic wood than an equivalent flatbow.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Longbow (1195 words)

	English Longbow and Medieval Crossbow
		The medieval longbow, or English Longbow, as it is traditionally known in military history was the battlefield weapon of choice for the English army nearly 700 years ago.
		The medieval longbow was a Welsh invention and incorporated into the English armies by Edward I and brought about a devastating element of artillery fire that had not been seen on the battlefield for some time.
		Longbows are traditionally made out of yew, which was a wood grown in England at the time of the Medieval Ages.
	www.militaryfactory.com /medieval_longbow.asp (1029 words)

	The English Longbow - Robin Hood - Icons of England
		The longbow is thought to have been modelled originally on a Welsh design that had been used in battle against the English, but it was to become a considerably more ferocious weapon than its prototype.
		Longbows won England the battles of Crécy, Poitiers and Agincourt, and many a skirmish against the Welsh and the Scots during campaigns of occupation.
		The longbow was abandoned as standard military equipment in 1595, in favour of the musket, as the era of firearms took over.
	www.icons.org.uk /theicons/collection/robin-hood/features/the-english-longbow-finished (879 words)

	Archery Training at AEMMA
		The longbow is constructed in the traditional manner of a minimum of 5' 6", of a historical authentic "D" cross-section in which the shooting style is by an instinctive method not incorporating artificial aids such as scopes, arrow rests or sites.
		Although the longbow was not considered one of the "knightly weapons", it was a strategic weapon of war.
		This battle amongst the many fought during the 100 Years War, was a victory for the English longbow men by the army of King Edward III and King Philip IV of France.
	www.aemma.org /training/archery/archeryTraining2.htm (1491 words)

	The English Longbow, A Medieval Weapon - Renaissance
		A famous type of bow is the English longbow.
		The English longbow does not have a handle or an arrow rest in the middle of the bow, archers used a finger to balance the arrow.
		The design for the longbow was perfected by the Welsh in the 12th century but the English made it famous in war, especially when attacking the French and other continental enemies during the 14th and 15th century.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art39865.asp (329 words)

	The Medieval English Longbow
		Morris is undoubtedly correct in his assumption that the longbow was foreign to both the Saxons and the Normans.
		It is now apparent that the longbow was already in England during the time of Edward I. Edward simply adopted the longbow because it was superior in range and equally as powerful as the Welsh bow.
		The Medieval English longbow was a superb weapon.
	margo.student.utwente.nl /sagi/artikel/longbow/longbow2.html (1339 words)

	The English Longbow - (on 'TheBeckoning')
		A major discovery occurred circa 300 CE in Scandinavia and northern Europe, when longbows began to be made with sapwood on the back of the bow, and heartwood for the belly of the bow (Hardy, pp.23).
		The Welsh repelled Ralph, Earl of Hereford in 1055 using the longbow (Hardy, pp.30).
		Crecy was the unveiling of the English longbowmen to continental Europe.
	www.thebeckoning.com /medieval/longbow/the-longbow.html (1718 words)

	The Profession of airline pilot
		The longbow was the machine gun of the Middle Ages so to speak and gave rise to the term "broadside" as wave after wave of armour piercing arrows rained down on the advancing French army.
		Longbow archery was a skill that that needed to be learned from early childhood in order to develop the physiological strength required to be able to pull the heavy poundages of a war longbow, and because of this yeomen archers were unique to English culture of the middle ages.
		Interestingly enough, the reign of the English longbow was relatively short (about 250 years) - not because of the advent of firearms (the longbow was a far superior weapon compared with the early muzzle loading firearms) - but simply because the culture of yeomanry amongst the English society (i.e.
	www.vision.net.au /~apaterson/aviation/longbow.htm (1805 words)

	English longbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The English longbow, also called the Welsh longbow, was a powerful type of medieval longbow (a tall bow for archery) about 2.0 m (6 ft 6 in) long used by the English and Welsh both for hunting and as a weapon of war.
		English use of longbows was effective against the French during the Hundred Years' War, particularly at the Battle of Agincourt (1415).
		The fifth surviving longbow comes from the armoury of the church in the village of Mendlesham in Suffolk, England and is believed to date either from the period of Henry VIII or Queen Elizabeth I.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/English_longbow (3734 words)

	Longbow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Longbows are made entirely from wood and have been used for hundreds or thousands of years, for hunting and warfare by, among others, the ancient Nubians, Native American tribes such as the Cherokee, South American tribes like the Bari, African tribes such as the Bassa, Neolithic Europeans, and medieval Europeans.
		In the Middle Ages the English were famous for their very heavy, long-ranged English longbows, used to great effect against the French in the Hundred Years' War (notably at the battles of Crécy (1346), Poitiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415)).
		Longbows, because of their narrow limbs and rounded cross-section (which does not spread out stress within the wood as evenly as a flatbow’s rectangular cross section), need to be either less powerful, longer or of stronger wood than an equivalent flatbow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longbow (827 words)

	Longbow - Military History Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The longbow decided a number of medieval battles fought by the English, the most significant of which was the Battle of Crécy and later the Battle of Agincourt during the Hundred Years' War.
		Longbows were used until around the 16th century, when gunpowder began to be used, and such units as arquebusiers and grenadiers began appearing.
		Although longbows were much faster and more accurate than any fl powder weapons, longbowmen were always difficult to produce because of the years of practice necessary before a war longbow (examples from the Mary Rose typically had draws greater than 65 kgf (143 lbf)) could be used effectively.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /wiki/Longbow (1869 words)

	Longbow
		The longbow was invented in the 12th Century and the English eagerly trained their men in the skill of this new weapon.
		The Medieval Longbow and the Two-Fingered Salute - the English V-Sign!
		Any English archers who were caught by the French had their Index and middle fingers chopped off from their right hand- a terrible penalty for an archer.
	www.castles.me.uk /longbow.htm (781 words)

	longbow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The longbow was the national weapon from the thirteenth until the sixteenth century for the English army.
		Another characteristic of the English longbow is that it is made of yew wood.
		The longbow was the major weapon for the English until the end of the sixteenth century when improvements in armour and developments of guns and cannons became more prevalent.
	www.washjeff.edu /users/ltroost/sherwood/longbow.htm (418 words)

	Longbow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Longbows were simple bows, meaning they were constructed of a single material (wood, preferably yew with elm as a substitute).
		English longbow men of the middle ages gave the V-symbol, palm facing inward, its significance as an insult.
		The longbow was not a weapon for the weak-hearted or weak-armed.
	members.aol.com /dargolyt/TheForge/longbow.htm (368 words)

	Did You Know That....? : THE ONE-FINGER SALUTE
		Evidence of the longbow's ability to prove decisive in battle had been demonstrated in the earlier battles of Crecy and Poitiers where immense numbers of knights were slaughtered before they ever got close to the English.
		Since it is impossible to draw the longbow without the third finger it would therefore, render the men incapable of using a longbow in the future.
		The famous longbow was made from the wood of the Yew tree, whereby the act of drawing the longbow was known as to 'pluck yew'.
	www.rencentral.com /jul_aug_vol1/onefinger.shtml (491 words)

	The Magical Longbow
		It was this King Edward who laid down the concept that the longbow should be the weapon of the common man, and it was he too who passed laws banning the playing of such games as handball, football, and knucklebones, in case they interfered with the training of, and practice in shooting the longbow.
		There is NO doubt at all that the longbow was paramount in the outcome of these victories, as long range, highly accurate volleys placed on strategic points of the opposing armies’ lines proved to be the decisive action every time.
		In this same year, a battle took place that firmly proved once and for all that the English longbow had become a weapon to be greatly feared as it had become also, a great leveller—the time of warfare having been the arm of chivalry between the noble families was about to come to an end--.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /prod/dialspace/town/pipexdsl/o/aoch33/bac/magical_longbow.htm (3135 words)

	[No title]
		THE VICTORY OF THE ENGLISH LONGBOW AT THE BATTLE OF CRECY Type of event: Time: August 26, 1346 Locale: Crecy, France Significance: The English victory over the French at the Battle of Crecy not only established England as an important military power, but also demonstrated that mounted knights and the age of chivalry were doomed.
		Longbows varied in length from slightly more than five and one half feet to slightly less than six and one half feet.
		The advantage of the longbow over its shorter cousins came from the increased leverage that resulted from drawing back its longer "arms." Knowledge of the principle involved was certainly no secret, but the longbow had significant disadvantages that limited its popularity.
	www.bradley.edu /academics/las/his/His326/longbow (1483 words)

	English Knights Jousting - Picture - MSN Encarta
		English knights of the late 14th century joust before Richard II, who is seated in the pavilion at the rear decorated with the English royal arms.
		Tournaments such as this were a favourite recreation of the medieval aristocracy, whose original role was as a standing cavalry force to fight for their country and estates: by jousting, a knight could improve his prowess in battle and win prestige.
		The English longbow and other battlefield innovations were already challenging the traditional supremacy of the mounted knight by the end of the 14th century.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /media_121622616/English_Knights_Jousting.html (143 words)

	Longbow - Simple English Wikipedia
		The longbow was mainly used in the Middle Ages up until Henry VIII's reign, when it was discontinued.
		The longbow was mainly an English weapon, with the best users of it being English or Welsh.
		Those that fired longbows were greatly feared by enemies.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longbow (171 words)

	The Medieval English Longbow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From the thirteenth until the sixteenth century, the national weapon of the English army was the longbow.
		The longbow was the machine gun of the Middle Ages: accurate, deadly, possessed of a long-range and rapid rate of fire, the flight of its missilies was liken to a storm.
		Geoffrey Trease, author of The Condottieri, maintains the longbow used by the 14th century mercenary troops of Sir John Hawkwood "was as tall as themselves or a fraction taller".
	www.student.utwente.nl /~sagi/artikel/longbow/longbow.html (2765 words)

	Top 3 Battles
		The English army led by Harold ll and a Norman invasion force led by William of Normandy fought for the English throne.
		The English army was ill and tired from the long march and outnumbered by the french.
		The cavarlry caharge was stopped by the English longbow firing, the muddy field and the sharp stakes of wood the English had driven into the ground.
	www.medievalwarfare.freehomepage.com /custom3.html (451 words)

	Traditional Bowhunter Magazine
		The English were unable to attack the Scot’s spear blocks so the archers rained arrows until the Scots numbers were low enough for the English cavalry to attack head on and finish the remaining spearman.
		Most believe that the result was due to the longbow and archers, which would be shooting a constant array of arrows toward the charging army causing a jumble of men and horses.
		By 1588 all longbows were replaced with a firearm during the Spanish Armada and in 1595 the longbow was retired from military use.
	www.tradbow.com /interactivetradbow/read.cfm?id=118 (1156 words)

	History and Origin of the Longbow
		Longbows were difficult to master because the draw-weights often exceeded 65 kgf (143 lbf).
		The arrows were used in volleys, and not aimed at specific targets until the enemy got quite close; the psychological effect on the enemy of the famous 'cloud of arrows' produced by such a volley is not to be underestimated.
		Battle of Flodden ("a landmark in the history of archery, as the last battle on English soil to be fought with the longbow as the principal weapon..."
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/longbow.htm (2585 words)

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