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	Verse - LoveToKnow 1911
		In English we speak of "a verse" or "verses," with reference to specific instances, or of "verse," as the general science or art of metrical expression, with its regulations and phenomena.
		Roman verse, though essentially the same as Greek verse, was modified by the national development of Italian forms of poetry, by a simplified imitation of Greek measures, and by a varied intensity in the creation of new types of the old Greek artistic forms (Volkmann).
		The rules of French verse being, in fact, very severe, and weakness, excess of audacity and negligences of all sorts being very harshly repressed, it is not surprising that, as the personal authority of Hugo declined, various projects were started for lightening the burden of prosodical discipline.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Verse (6519 words)

	Verse: Poetry Anthologies and Thousands of Poems. Bartleby.com
		This collection of verse is Housman’s signature work reflecting on passing of youth in the English countryside.
		A Child’s Garden of Verses and Underwoods, with Life of Robert Louis Stevenson by Alexander Harvey.
		Collections of verse by one of the greatest lyric poets of twentieth-century literature.
	www.bartleby.com /verse (1007 words)

	Meter (poetry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In English verse the pattern of syllable stress differentiates feet, so English meter is founded on the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
		The most frequently encountered line of English verse is the iambic pentameter, in which the metrical norm is five iambic feet per line, though metrical substitution is common and rhythmic variations practically inexhaustible.
		Another important meter in English is the ballad meter, also called the "common meter", which is a four line stanza, with two pairs of a line of iambic tetrameter followed by a line of iambic trimeter; the rhymes usually fall on the lines of trimeter, although in many instances the tetrameter also rhymes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meter_(poetry) (2939 words)

	Versification - Search View - MSN Encarta
		In this system the constituents of the fundamental pattern of versification are the number of syllables to the line of verse and the arrangement of these syllables according to whether they are pronounced with a greater or lesser degree of energy—that is, whether they are accented or unaccented.
		Thus, in English poetry of almost all periods, the verse structure is created both by the fixed or varying numbers of syllables per line and by the constant alternation of accented and unaccented syllables in definite, recurring sequences within each line.
		Terza rima, a verse form consisting of three-line stanzas in the rhyme scheme aba, bcb,cdc, etc., was used in The Divine Comedy by Italian poet Dante and later by English poets.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761566707__1/Versification.html (2435 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: English Literature
		The "Old English Chronicle", of which there are seven manuscripts, a record of events in England from the sixth century to 1154, was meanwhile being written in the monasteries, undisturbed by the many changes passing over England.
		Satire, as always in the decline after a rich imaginative period of verse, came to the front as subject-matter for verse, and later in the century the scathing verse of John Skelton (1460?-1529), though poor as art, is of interest in the light it throws upon the social life of the times.
		John Donne (whose verse belongs in date to the reign of Elizabeth) is reckoned as the founder of this school in England.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05458a.htm (11533 words)

	Blank verse in English poetry
		Blank verse was introduced into English verse by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, who along with his older friend Sir Thomas Wyatt also introduced the sonnet and other Italian poetic forms into English poetry in the sixteenth century.
		Blank verse must not, however, be confused with English “free verse” (“vers libre”; “open form” poetry), which lacks both a rhyme scheme and an identifiable metrical pattern, whereas blank verse has a very specific metrical pattern.
		Poems written in blank verse are often divided into “verse paragraphs” of varying lengths, as distinct from stanzas, which usually have regular lengths and are defined by their rhyme scheme and metrical pattern.
	ca.essortment.com /blankversepoet_rjwh.htm (1480 words)

	Amittai F. Aviram : Meter in English Verse
		The ending on the offbeat is called "feminine." These terms bear witness to the origins of the stress-syllabic system in English verse, which probably first developed during the period from the late 14th to the early 16th centuries, from an adaptation of stress in English to the pure syllabic models of French and Italian poetry.
		It is generally easiest for English speakers to grasp meter, then, by trying simply to pronounce or imagine the normal pronunciation of words and phrases, with an awareness of their natural stress contours and how these stress patterns would most easily be made to fit a musical beat.
		In most lines of verse, the syntax corresponds with the meter, as they do in "Jack and Jill": generally speaking, a line, which is a metrical unit of sound, will also contain a complete phrase, clause, or even sentence, whose end will occur at the end of the line.
	www.amittai.com /prose/meter.php (10722 words)

	Poetry Knowledge Zone - Class 15 : Blank Verse by Smitha Chakravarthula
		Blank verse or unrhymed iambic pentameter, which was widely used by Milton and Shakespeare in their poetry is the most popular form of poetry in English, probably because English language naturally falls in an iambic pattern and therefore it sounds very rhythmic and natural.
		Blank verse has been called the most "natural" verse form for dramatic works, since it supposedly is the verse form most close to natural rhythms of English speech, and it has been the primary verse form of English drama and narrative poetry since the mid-Sixteenth Century.
		Blank Verse, so called due to the absolute he absence of the rhyme which the ear expects at the end of successive lines, is the unrhymed measure of iambic decasyllable in five beats which is usually adopted in English epic and dramatic poetry.
	www.boloji.com /poetry/learningzone/pkz15.htm (1941 words)

	Dana Gioia Online - Accentual Verse
		Frequently they try to analyze accentual verse in terms of metrical feet, but the concept of the foot, which is derived from Greek and Latin verse, has no relevance to this Germanic form.
		English accentual poetry grew out of the oral tradition of pre-Christian Teutonic tribes, and the metrical practice was strikingly homogeneous from Germany and Scandinavia to Iceland and Britain.
		Accentual alliterative verse was the dominant English form until the Norman invasion, and it maintained a strong hold on native speakers for centuries afterwards.
	www.danagioia.net /essays/eaccentual.htm (1602 words)

	Etext Center: Collections
		English Verse Drama contains more than 2,200 works by around 500 named and over 300 anonymous works, from the Shrewsbury Fragments of the late thirteenth century through the unparalleled output of the Elizabethan and Jacobean period to the end of the nineteenth century.
		The bibliographic basis of English Verse Drama is the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature, CUP 1969-72 (NCBEL).
		A verse drama is generally defined as a work acted on or intended for the stage which is either wholly in verse or includes significant verse content.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /evd.html (539 words)

	UCSB Department of English
		The two verses are connected by alliteration: either one or two of the stresses in the first verse must alliterate with the 1st stressed syllable in the 2nd verse; the final stress in the 2nd verse may not alliterate.
		Old English poetry was always copied out continuously, like modern prose: it is editors who separate the lines into verses and who also often mark the caesura dividing the two half-lines with extra spaces.
		Line 87 is a very common type of line, with a pattern often called aaax: the first two stresses (þra- and þo-) alliterate on the consonant þ (known as thorn, this letter stands for the sound th), as does the 1st stress of the 2nd half-line (þys-), whereas the 4th stress (bad) does not alliterate.
	www.english.ucsb.edu /courses/dept_schedule_classnotes.asp?CourseID=162&EventID=3168 (473 words)

	English
		English Poetry Full-Text Database - includes 4,450 works by 1,350 poets from the Anglo-Saxon period to the end of the nineteenth century.
		English Verse Drama - contains more than 1,500 works from the late thirteenth century to the end of the nineteenth century.
		Oxford English Dictionary - full-text of the 22-volume Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, which includes definitions for most of the words in the English language as well as information on their origins and quotations showing their range of meanings from the time they entered the language to the present.
	lib.runet.edu /Resources/english.asp (1303 words)

	D15 Yone Noguchi, Japan, and English-Language Verse
		The free verse has no apparent connection to Japanese poetics, but a number of the poems address Japanese subjects, including O Cho San, Address to a Soyokaze, The Myoto, Homekotoba, O Hana San, Evening, O Haru, Tsune, and Lines from BashÔ (Ap).
		In his definition of the hokku Noguchi suggests that where English poetry relies on ‘suggestiveness’ the hokku turns to images that are ‘distinctly clear-cut’.
		These are a curious mix of images derived from classical Japanese verse and an expansive Whitmanesque ‘I’ that ultimately, in the deliberate intervening of an ego aware of itself, sets the poems quite apart in both tone and stance from the classical Japanese form.
	www.themargins.net /bib/D/d15.html (2072 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Culture \| Plain Talk
		What distinguishes the two translations is that Atiya has opted for verse in her rendition.
		It has been "generally held", he writes, that verse drama should either take as its subject matter a mythological theme, or else should centre on "some remote historical period" far enough from the present for the characters not to be recognisable as human beings, which then gives them license to speak in verse.
		Cleopatra, as Maher S. Farid writes in his introduction to Atiya's translations, "has had a long history on the English stage." Farid enumerates the many plays that take the queen's life as their subject matter, and remarks that it was probably in a French translation that Shawqi read Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2006/787/cu3.htm (589 words)

	Amazon.com: Verse in English from Tudor and Stuart Ireland: Books: Andrew Carpenter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are verses from well-bred coteries in Dublin Castle and verses scratched on gateposts; there are hymns and curses, echoes and allegories, prayers and squibs; there are coarse poems, gentle poems, angry poems and mad poems.
		The book proves triumphantly that, from the beginning of the Tudor period until the Battle of the Boyne, verse in English was written, read and recited wherever English-speakers were to be found in Ireland.
		Verse in English from Tudor and Stuart Ireland is not only a major contribution to Irish cultural history, but a book which introduces to modern readers a memorable range of original and unjustly neglected Irish poetic voices.
	www.amazon.com /Verse-English-Tudor-Stuart-Ireland/dp/1859183549 (978 words)

	The Penguin Book of English Verse - P. J. Keegan - Penguin Classics
		This revolutionary collection abandons the traditional poet-by-poet approach of most anthologies, presenting seven centuries of English verse as an uninterrupted sequence of poems ordered according to their first individual appearance in the language.
		Furthermore, this volume chronicles the evolution of English verse in linguistic and historical-rather than only biographical-terms, presenting the texts with original spelling and punctuation.
		Through the words of the well known and the anonymous, in epitaphs, ballads, folk poetry, and nonsense verse, this definitive anthology gives readers the true voice of English poetry as it has developed from the fourteenth to the late twentieth century.
	us.penguinclassics.com /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,10_9780140424546,00.html (150 words)

	English poetry database table of contents
		The English Poetry Database encompasses the works of 1,350 poets from the Anglo-Saxon period to the end of the nineteenth century.
		English Poetry aims to include as full a collection of the published works of each poet as possible.
		Verse dramas not intended for the stage are included.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/hasrg/hdis/engpo.html (231 words)

	Literary Handbooks, Dictionaries, and Encyclopedias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Two indexes (1475–1500, 1501–58); both have headings for refrains, verse forms, poets, authors translated, literary kinds and subjects, titles; that for 1501–58 adds headings for burdens, rhyme schemes, historical persons and events, religious topics, and translations and adaptations (by language).
		Entries are organized in two divisions: general studies (with sections for background sources, general histories and surveys of the English novel, genre studies, history and criticism of the novel from 1660–1800, bibliographies, and background reading) and individual bibliographies of 29 authors (with sections under each for editions, letters, bibliographies, biographies, and critical studies).
		More current, but focused on 1660–1740, is Robert Ignatius Letellier, A Bibliography of the English Novel from the Restoration to the French Revolution: A Checklist of Sources and Critical Materials, with Particular Reference to the Period 1660 to 1740, Salzburg English and American Studies 17 (Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 1994, 428 pp.).
	www-english.tamu.edu /pubs/lrg/lrgaddenda2.htm (3581 words)

	Introduction to Prosody (Blank Verse)
		--a group of lines of verse, usually marked by a rhyme scheme (a regular pattern of end rhymes) and a predominant metrical pattern.
		William Wordsworth's autobiographical epic "The Prelude" was written in blank verse, as was Samuel Taylor Coleridge's meditative "Frost at Midnight." The declamatory, rhetorical rhythms of Milton's blank verse were replaced in Romantic poetry by a more personal and colloquial manner.
		Frost often said that his aim in much of his poetry was to capture the "sound of sense," that rhythmic pattern we notice in spoken language even when we are unable to make out the words being spoken.
	tinablue.homestead.com /Prosody3BlankVerse.html (1515 words)

	UVa Library: Subject Guides: English: Medieval
		Access to the Middle English Dictionary, a HyperBibliography of Middle English prose and verse, based on the MED bibliographies, and an associated network of electronic resources, including a large collection of Middle English texts.
		English Poetry includes 4,450 works by 1,350 poets from the Anglo-Saxon period to the end of the nineteenth century.
		English Verse Drama contains more than 1,500 works by around 450 named and approximately 230 anonymous works, from the Shrewsbury Fragments of the late thirteenth century through the unparalleled output of the Elizabethan and Jacobean period to the end of the nineteenth century.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /subjects/English/eng-medieval.html (588 words)

	Malcolm Hayward
		In addition, the analysis shows that the variations of metrical patterns are in accord with the prevailing verse aesthetics of the period in which poets are writing.
		To some extent this pattern or regularity of variation--if it exists--will lie, it might again be hypothesized, within the prevailing verse aesthetic of the period, or at least within the aesthetic of the poet's stylistic preference.
		Halle, M., and Keyser, S. English stress: Its form, its growth, and its role in verse.
	www.english.iup.edu /mhayward/Metrics/Cormetrics.htm (3982 words)

	Some Basics of Poetic Form
		verse paragraph (strophe): a stanza in free verse
		Shakespearean or Elizabethan or English sonnet : 3 quatrains and a couplet, abab cdcd efef gg
		Free verse is NOT verse written without form, without rhythm, without rhyme, or without pattern.
	english3.fsu.edu /~mkennedy/poeticform.htm (907 words)

	Old English Metrics
		It was later to influence the 'alliterative revival', though the Middle English meter differed from the Old English forms.
		The beginning sound of the first stressed syllable of the on-verse, or 'a' half-line, must be the same as the beginning sound of the first stressed syllable of the off-verse, or 'b' half-line.
		This often uses variation, where the meaning of one verse is repeated in the next, using different words (Bliss-e: 27).
	www.dnaco.net /~sirbill/OldEnglishMetrics.html (966 words)

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