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Recorded Arms for Tweedie & Tweedy Argent a saltire engrailed Gules on a chief Azure a fret couped Or. Argent a saltire engrailed Gules on a chief chequy Azure and Argent a bezant. Argent a saltire engrailed Gules a Chief Azure with a mullet (for Twedye) impaling Argent fretty Gules a chief Azure (for Curwine) heraldry-online.org.uk /tweedie/tweedie-arms.htm   (656 words)

Interactive Fly, Drosophila Moreover, Engrailed (En), in the absence of Ci, is sufficient to specify 'P-type' sorting. The cross homology of Engrailed with Ultrabithorax and Antennapedia is 58% and 53% respectively (Fjose, 1985). Thus Engrailed's active repression function in vivo is dependent on a highly conserved interaction that was established early in the evolution of the homeobox gene superfamily. www.sdbonline.org /fly/segment/engrail1.htm   (5310 words)

Drosophila limb development He found that whenever a clone was induced in the posterior part of the wing and caused a new confrontation of anterior and posterior cells, the new confrontation induced the development of a secondary A/P axis in the wing. The expression of the engrailed gene determines the anterior versus posterior fate and the distance from the source of dpp signaling determines what part of the pattern of cell will make. For example, cells that are posterior (express engrailed) and close to the source will become vein 4 cells and posterior cells that are farther away become vein 5. www.ucalgary.ca /~browder/D_m_limb.html   (2723 words)

Segmentation in Drosophila: Zygotic gene expression The expression patterns of the segment polarity genes engrailed (en) and wingless (wg) are established through positive and negative transcriptional regulation by the pair-rule genes. The boundary between the parasegments is exactly between the engrailed and wingless expressing cells and is marked during gastrulation and early germ-band extension by a shallow groove. Since engrailed is a transcription factor, it cannot be directly responsible for the signal from the posterior engrailed expressing cells. www.acs.ucalgary.ca /~browder/D_m_segment_II.html   (2170 words)

Fate of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Controlled by the Engrailed Genes -- Simon et al. 21 (9): 3126 -- Journal of ... murine engrailed genes in the midbrain and hindbrain, focusing Engrailed and TH proteins are coexpressed in dopaminergic neurons of the SN and VT. Engrailed protein is located in the nuclei, whereas TH is located in the cell somata and their axonal processes. -synuclein expression in the engrailed mutants is attributable to the lack of engrailed expression in the SN and not to a developmental delay. www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/9/3126   (7383 words)

Drosophila limb development The later subdivision between dorsal and ventral cells is controlled by the expression of the homeobox gene apterous in dorsal cells. Engrailed and apterous are called selector genes because they are necessary and sufficient for posterior versus anterior and dorsal versus ventral fate, respectively. Thus, cells are initially specified as to their fate by whether or not they express engrailed and/or apterous and the concentration of Wg and Dpp to which they are exposed. www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/D_m_limb.html   (3569 words)

Frontiers in Zoology | Full text | A review of the correlation of tergites, sternites, and leg pairs in diplopods   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) The best-studied segment-polarity gene is the engrailed gene. Expression of the engrailed gene in the embryo of the millipede Glomeris marginata This argument is strengthened by the lack of cubitus interruptus gene expression anterior to the dorsal stripes of engrailed expression [6]. www.frontiersinzoology.com /content/3/1/2   (5018 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Selector gene expression must change when cells change their fate in response to environment (regulation), whereas selector gene expression must be stably maintained when a cell and its progeny are committed to a pathway of development (determined). Expression of engrailed, a selector gene, commits cells to the posterior compartment of a segment, but expression is not initially stable. Subsequently, engrailed expression appears to be stabilized as it comes under the influence of two later tiers of control. www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/IBN.BIO.a9021142.txt   (212 words)

UNSW Embryo- Molecular Development- Engrailed Engrailed genes are a family of transcription factors that are differentially expressed within the limb buds of the embryo. The Drosophila wing is divided into anterior and posterior compartments, the latter characterized by the expression of the engrailed gene. The mouse Engrailed, Wnt and Pax genes, which are homologues of Drosophila segmentation genes, have provided a critical genetic entry point for dissecting the molecular and cellular control of mesencephalon and metencephalon development in vertebrates. embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /MolDev/factor/en1.htm   (838 words)

Engrailed Fjose, A., McGinnis, W.J. and Gehring, W.J. Isolation of a homoeo box-containing gene from the engrailed region of Drosophila and the spacial distribution of its transcripts. Ftz-F1 is a cofactor in Ftz activation of the Drosophila engrailed gene. The engrailed and huckebein genes are essential for development of serotonin neurons in the Drosophila CNS. www.iephb.nw.ru /labs/lab38/spirov/hox_pro/en.html   (2476 words)

Segmentation in Drosophila: Zygotic gene expression This suggested that the level of Wingless is both necessary and sufficient for the fate of the cells in the naked cuticle. LEGEND: Wingless and Engrailed expression in the embryo. Lawrence, P.A., Sanson, B., and Vincent, J.P. Compartments, wingless and engrailed: Patterning the ventral epidermis of Drosophila embryos. www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/D_m_segment_II.html   (2489 words)

Interactive Fly, Drosophila Engrailed is expressed in subsets of interneurons that do not express Connectin or appreciable Neuroglian, whereas other neurons that are Engrailed negative strongly express these adhesion molecules. It is argued that differential Engrailed expression is crucial in determining the pattern of expression of cell adhesion molecules and thus constitutes an important determinant of neuronal shape and perhaps connectivity. When Engrailed is expressed in all neurons, Connectin is not downregulated but slightly upregulated in these motor neurons, in contrast to the effect on interneurons. www.sdbonline.org /fly/neural/neurogl3.htm   (7498 words)

Heraldic Primer: Complex Lines To specify that a fess, chevron, or bend has embattlements on both edges that are "in phase", the term "embattled-counter-embattled" is used. Engrailed and invected edges, because of their asymmetry, require special clarification. An engrailed ordinary has semi-circular "bites" taken out of it, whereas an invected ordinary has semi-circular "bumps" added to it. www.sca.org /heraldry/primer/complex.html   (295 words)

Engrailed - Butterflies and Moths of Northern Ireland   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Engrailed - Butterflies and Moths of Northern Ireland Both species are almost impossible to tell apart visually, however the date of capture is an important factor in determining identification. The Small Engrailed is single-brooded and flies slightly later and is not normally encountered before the end of April. www.habitas.org.uk /moths/species.asp?item=6039   (313 words)

Picture page about Engrailed Moth, Ectropis crepuscularia The Engrailed is almost identical to the Ringed Carpet, especially in worn out animals, hardly marked specimens and females. The Engrailed Moth is double-brooded in most of England and Wales, single-brooded in Scotland and further north. In the past this species was treated as two separate species: The Engrailed (Ectropis crepuscularia) and the Small Engrailed (Ectropis bistortata). www.gardensafari.net /english/picpages/ectropis_bistortata.htm   (427 words)

Grant Abstract   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Recent Engrailed gene deletion studies in the mouse have shown that Engrailed is important for dopaminergic neurons survival and, moreover, regulates the expression of alpha-synuclein, a gene mutated in familal forms of Parkinson's Disease. This transduction property is at the basis of the use of this small domain as a vector to address hydrophilic compounds into the cytoplasm and nucleus of live cells in vivo. Conversely, we shall complement the genetic absence of Engrailed in mutants by Engrailed infusions. www.michaeljfox.org /research/abstract.php?id=151   (271 words)

Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Among the deficiencies we isolated, a mutant lacking invected sequences was viable and phenotypically normal, a mutant lacking engrailed was an embryo lethal and had slight segmentation defects, and a mutant lacking both engrailed and invected was most severely affected. In seven engrailed alleles, mutations caused translation to terminate prematurely in the central or C-terminal portion of the coding sequence, resulting in embryonic lethality and segmentation defects. We propose that the varied phenotypes of the engrailed alleles can be explained by the differential effects these mutants have on the combination of engrailed and invected activities, that engrailed and invected share a regulatory region, and that they encode redundant functions. www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=539429   (341 words)

Interactive Fly, Drosophila By contrast, cells destined to form the cuticle of the adult abdomen are present as clusters of small, non-dividing diploid cells (the anterior dorsal, posterior dorsal and ventral histoblast nests) located at stereotyped postions in the larval epidermis. The results confirm (1) that the state of engrailed, whether 'off' or 'on', determines whether a cell is A or P type and (2) that Hedgehog signaling, coming from the adjacent P compartments across both A/P and P/A boundaries, organizes the patterning of all the A cells. (4) When engrailed is removed from the P cells (of segment A5, for example) the P cells transform not into A cells of the same segment, but into A cells of the same parasegment (segment A6) (Lawrence, 1999a). www.sdbonline.org /fly/segment/hedghog1.htm   (5831 words)

Abstract List To identify genes whose transcription engrailed regulates, we developed a method to isolate genomic sequences to which engrailed protein binds with high affinity. Fragments of genomic DNA were fractionated on an engrailed protein affinity column, and fragments that were retained in the presence of 0.4-1.0 M KCl were isolated and cloned. The isolated fragments include regions of the engrailed and cubitus interruptus gene promoters, both of which are candidate targets of engrailed, and most fragments contain regions that engrailed protein protects from DNaseI digestion. www.pitt.edu /~biohome/Dept/Frame/Faculty/saenzroblesabstract.htm   (2110 words)

Threading Analysis of Prospero-type Homeodomains   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Three core segments were defined based on the X-ray structure: CS1 spanned from residues 8 to 22, CS2 from residues 28 to 40, and CS3 from residues 42 to 54, the numbering being based on the sequence of pdb:1HDD presented in Figure 1. In the X-ray structure of the engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex, several residues in the exposed hydrophilic face of helix III establish specific contacts with the last four base pairs of the recognition sequence, whereas the residues in the N-terminal arm contact the first two base pairs. None of the positions in the engrailed homeodomain that contribute to the formation of the positively charged DNA-binding face of the homeodomain are conserved in prospero-type homeodomains. www.bioinfo.de /isb/1999/01/0015/main.html   (4735 words)

NAAR-Funded Researchers Announce Finding   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Dr. Millonig is working on this project with another NAAR-funded researcher at UMDNJ, Dr. Linda Brzustowicz, who recently leveraged data from her pilot study funded by NAAR in 2000 into a larger award from the National Institute of Mental Health. Interestingly, the ENGRAILED 2 gene is also being studied by another of NAAR's 2003 award recipients: Dr. Karl Herrup, of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH. It’s not yet clear that ENGRAILED 2 itself is hiking the risk of autism, Millonig cautions, but it’s a strong clue that a version of the gene or DNA near it is involved. www.naar.org /news/render_pr.asp?intNewsItemID=147   (766 words)

[Development and Neuropharmacology] Engrailed signaling and axon growth We have shown that the growth cones of Xenopus ganglion cells obtained from nasal retina are strongly attracted by an extracellular gradient of the Engrailed homeoprotein. Conversely, temporal retinal axons are strongly repelled by Engrailed. This effect requires internalization of Engrailed and might involve direct regulation of translation. www.biologie.ens.fr /desndn/article.php3?id_article=20   (56 words)

[Development and Neuropharmacology] Engrailed in adult dopaminergic neurons It has been shown that Engrailed is implicated in the early survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (the death of these neurons is a characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease). We have found that Engrailed1 is localized in the dendrites of these neurons and that its translation is activity-dependent. We are currently investigating the role of Engrailed1 in the survival of these neurons in adult mice and exploring its dendritic function. www.biologie.ens.fr /desndn/article.php3?id_article=19   (76 words)

Joint regulation of the MAP1B promoter by HNF3{beta}/Foxa2 and Engrailed is the result of a highly conserved mechanism ... Joint regulation of the MAP1B promoter by HNF3{beta}/Foxa2 and Engrailed is the result of a highly conserved mechanism for direct interaction of homeoproteins and Fox transcription factors -- Foucher et al. Engrailed and Foxa2 as archetypes of the families, analyzed All constructs containing the CRI domain of Foxa2 bind to Engrailed, and this domain (148-257) is sufficient to mediate this binding. dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/9/1867   (6407 words)

Two Distinct Types of Repression Domain in Engrailed: One Interacts with the Groucho Corepressor and Is Preferentially ... Two Distinct Types of Repression Domain in Engrailed: One Interacts with the Groucho Corepressor and Is Preferentially Active on Integrated Target Genes -- Tolkunova et al. Fujioka, M., Yusibova, G. L., Patel, N. H., Brown, S. J., Jaynes, J. The repressor activity of Even-skipped is highly conserved, and is sufficient to activate engrailed and to regulate both the spacing and stability of parasegment boundaries. Engrailed defines the position of dorsal di-mesencephalic boundary by repressing diencephalic fate. mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/18/5/2804   (1483 words)

Small Engrailed - Butterflies and Moths of Northern Ireland   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Adults are single-brooded and variable in colour and pattern although individuals of this species tend to be lighter. Date of capture is a contributing factor in determining identification (see Engrailed). Adults unlike the Engrailed are not as attracted to light and seldom appear in any numbers. www.habitas.org.uk /moths/species.asp?item=6040   (193 words)

4D9 anti-engrailed/invected Antibody Database Information This antibody recognizes both the engrailed and invected gene products of Drosophila and the epitope has been localized to residues 38-58 of the homeodomain. Engrailed gene products are also recognized ingrasshopper, crayfish, lobster, zebrafish, chicken and Xenopus. Expression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids, and chordates. www.uiowa.edu /~dshbwww/4d9.html   (369 words)

The Engrailed Story -- Garcia-Bellido 148 (2): 539 -- Genetics by the anterior half; engrailed was clearly a homeotic mutation. The developmental genetic analysis of engrailed and the subsequent , L., and N., 1997  Sequence and embryonic expression of the amphioxus engrailed gene (AmphiEn): the metameric pattern of transcription resembles that of its segment-polarity homolog in Drosophila. www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/148/2/539   (3474 words)

segment polarity genes   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) In comparable ways, all the pair-rule genes control to expression of the segment polarity genes, which are expressed in 14 stripes Wingless and engrailed cells interact reciprocally to strengthen and maintain their differences after the pair-rule gene cues are gone. The proteins wingless and engrailed also provide microgradients for the differentiation of cells within each segment acad.udallas.edu /biology/Nika/developmental/DB14segmentpolaritygenes.html   (308 words)

NHGRI Homeodomain Database   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04) Engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.2 A resolution: a detailed view of the interface and comparison with other engrailed structures. Engrailed (Gln50-->Lys) homeodomain-DNA complex at 1.9 A resolution: structural basis for enhanced affinity and altered specificity. Crystal structure of an engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.8 A resolution: a framework for understanding homeodomain-DNA interactions. genome.nhgri.nih.gov /homeodomain/structure   (514 words)

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