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Topic: Enharmonic keyboard

	Enharmonic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, in twelve-tone equal temperament (the modern system of musical tuning in the west), the notes C sharp and D flat are enharmonically equivalent - that is, they are represented by the same key (on a musical keyboard, for example), and thus are identical in pitch, although they have different names and diatonic functionality.
		Thus, G sharp and A flat are not the same note; G sharp is, in fact 41 "cents" lower in pitch (41% of a semitone, not quite a quarter of a tone).
		An enharmonic is also one of the three Greek genera in music, in which the tetrachords are divided (descending) as a ditone plus two microtones.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enharmonic (555 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Enharmonic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In music (An artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner), an enharmonic is a note which is the equivalent (A person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc) of some other note, but spelled differently.
		An enharmonic is also one of the three Greek genera (additional info and facts about genera) in music, in which the tetrachords (additional info and facts about tetrachords) are divided (descending) as a ditone (additional info and facts about ditone) plus two microtone (additional info and facts about microtone) s.
		See also: enharmonic scale (additional info and facts about enharmonic scale), music theory (additional info and facts about music theory), music notation (additional info and facts about music notation), accidental (A musical notation that makes a note sharp or flat or natural although that is not part of the key signature)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/en/enharmonic.htm (502 words)

	A Keyboard For Unison Schisma Systems.
		The keyboard would be a little more difficult to play than the two keyboards previously discussed but the accuracy of the tuning is far superior.
		That is, if the unison syntonic comma keyboard (diagram 2) were flipped on a horizontal axis and superimposed on the unison schisma keyboard (diagram 5) the note on the U would be the same as the note on the Ø.
		Indeed, if the unison syntonic comma keyboard were flipped about a horizontal axis and the generating perfect 5th were tuned to one of the perfect 5ths just mentioned, the unison schisma keyboard would be attained.
	members.optushome.com.au /limma63/Tuning/UnisonSchismaKeyboard.HTML (3263 words)

	The Jazz Guide
		High pitches are on the right side of the piano keyboard and low pitches are on the left side of the piano keyboard.
		Enharmonic notes are two notes that have the same pitch but are written or spelled differently.
		For example, A sharp and B flat are enharmonic equivalents because they are played using the same fl key on the piano.
	www.sodesigns.com /tjg/NN_Theory.htm (758 words)

	The Keyboard Tuning of Domenico Scarlatti
		If one wishes to understand the musical language of early keyboard composers, the tuning in which their music was conceived and heard is important.
		The paper discusses a quantitative method for the study of historical keyboard instrument tunings that is based on a measure of the perceived dissonance of the intervals in a tuning and their frequency of occurrence in the compositions of Domenico Scarlatti.
		We conclude that the total dissonance of a large volume of music is a useful tool for studies of keyboard instrument tuning in a historical musical context, although it is insufficient by itself.
	www.ncf.carleton.ca /~bf250/consonance.html (1563 words)

	The Russell Collection of Early Keyboard Instruments - The Enharmonic Chamber Organ
		The enharmonic organ also has an obvious connection with the large organ which Thomas Parker made for the Foundling Hospital, since the principle of the enharmonic system on that organ is the same.
		Its importance from the point of view of this enharmonic organ is that it confirms the attribution to Parker, and the association with Handel.
		The object of the restoration was to leave the organ as left by the 1984 restoration, but to restore the enharmonic mechanism and to revive the original voicing as far as possible.
	www.music.ed.ac.uk /russell/conference/Gwynnonparker.html (2572 words)

	Understanding Temperaments
		The purpose of this short text is to give the reader a basic understanding of the various temperaments and tunings used on keyboard instruments (harpsichord, organ) in the past.
		Suppose we start on C and tune up 12 pure fifth: we arrive at B# which, on our keyboards, is the same key as C (we will not consider here keyboards with more than 12 notes per octave).
		The table gives the difference between enharmonic equivalents (such as G# and Ab), a positive number indicating that the sharp enharmonic (such as G#) is the lower of the two; this number is also the difference between the chromatic and diatonic semitones.
	pages.globetrotter.net /roule/temper.htm (4098 words)

	JCCC::MUS 144 - Music Theory: Harmony IV
		Harmony IV is a continuation of the study of the harmonic practices of tonal music and introduction to 20th-century harmony.
		Harmonize at the keyboard, melodies that imply the use of augmented sixth chords, enharmonic modulation, and altered dominant chords or extended tertian chords.
		Keyboard Harmony Application A. Harmonize melodies at the keyboard using augmented sixth chords.
	www.jccc.edu /home/course_outline/fall-2005/MUS144 (647 words)

	Enharmonic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For example, in twelve-tone equal temperament (the normal system of musical tuning in the west), the notes C sharp and D flat are enharmonically equivalent - that is, they are represented by the same key on a musical keyboard, for example), and thus are identical in pitch, although they have different names.
		This may puzzle keyboard players and other western musicians, but, when sounded in just intonation—which is possible when singing or playing on a fretless stringed instrument such as the violin—the enharmonic equivalents actually do differ slightly in pitch.
		First, there is one way of labelling pitches with one and only one name, sometimes called integer notation, often used in serialism, twelve tone music, and other atonal music.
	www.portaljuice.com /enharmonic.html (346 words)

	WOHLTEMPERIERTE KLAVIER : Encyclopedia Entry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is sometimes assumed that Bach intended equal temperament, the standard modern keyboard tuning which became popular after Bach's death, but modern scholars suggest instead a form of well temperament.
		Each loop is supposed to represent a fifth in the sequence of tuning the keyboard, starting from A. From this Sparschuh devised a recursive tuning algorithm resembling the Collatz Conjecture in mathematics, subtracting one beat per second each time Bach's diagram has a non-empty loop.
		This method yields proportional-beating intervals across the keyboard, because all of Sparschuh's frequency measurements (in Hertz) are integers.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Wohltemperierte_Klavier (1935 words)

	Keyboard - Intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I strongly encourage all of you to acquire as much keyboard facility as possible and to use this tool to help learn and reinforce the material presented in your theory classes.
		The piano keyboard consists of white and fl keys.
		Notice that the fl keys are grouped in two's and three's and the white keys play the notes A-G. The most commonly used reference note is C which can be located just to the left of the group of two fl keys.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~bhammel/theory/resources/lessons/keybord1.htm (231 words)

	Chromatic Scale
		This dynamic naming is refered to as enharmonic spelling.
		This is easily seen in the pattern of the piano keyboard:
		A complete list of enharmonic spellings includes the adjacent natural notes B / C and E / F.
	www.franksinger.com /Amusic/chrom.htm (244 words)

	Bandwidth Market, Ltd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although enharmonic keyboards are powerful as to the number of pitches they can accommodate, chromatic instruments such as guitars can only provide so many pitches before the shifting fret system gets cumbersome.
		An enharmonic multitone keyboard (with more than 12 pitches per octave present) is desirable because of the user-friendliness, and its ability to handle musical tuning systems with more than 12 tones to the octave.
		For a keyboard, because it ideally supplies all the pitches necessary for a given tune all at once, any footshifting would be introduced with a simple pedal arrangement designed to retune the range of the instrument beyond the initial default values.
	www.bandwidthnews.com /resources/patents/data7/6093879.html (15505 words)

	Early keyboard instruments in Milan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is the second part of the gallery of the early keyboard instruments collection from the Museum of Musical Instruments in Milan.
		All the other known signatures by Trasuntino are in the form "Viti (or Vito) de Trasuntinis" and the abbreviation F. for Fecit was at least infrequent in the 17th century.
		That should stay for (I lost my Latin dictionary moving from a house to another) "as the rose is the flower among the flowers, so this is the keyboard among the keyboards".
	www.marcobresciani.com /keybmilano/early_keyboard_milan2.html (511 words)

	Enharmonic Spelling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two notes are enharmonic if they sound the same on a piano but are named and written differently.
		Looking at the keyboard and remembering that the definition of sharp is "one half step higher than natural", you can see that an E sharp must sound the same as an F natural.
		When this happens, enharmonically spelled notes, scales, intervals, and chords, may not only be theoretically different.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11641/latest (1163 words)

	Starr Labs Keyboards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The physical keyboard is comprised of 9 ranks of 90 keys which may be thought of as a window which can be scrolled, using the accompanying software, within the larger virtual matrix.
		The level of keyboard programmability in the 990 is immense.
		The purpose of the keyboard with it's large array of keys is to implement any variety of tonal systems and divisions of the octave.
	www.starrlabs.com /keyboards.html (1390 words)

	eufonia - hans andré stamm - komponist und orgel virtuose
		An acoustic enharmonic instrument The Enharmonic Pipe Organ has been built in 1979 by the organ builder SCHMACHER, Eupen,(now: Baelen) Belgium according to the plans of Prof.
		It has 328 pipes, that is one continuous rank of flute pipes, stopped in the lowest octave, the tone colour changing to the sharper tone quality of a principal stop in the high register (60 % tin, 40 % lead).
		In the present state of implementation the keyboards are midified, so that in the near future different programs for microtonal music and mutating tonalities like e.
	www.eufonia.de /english/orgel.php (635 words)

	Keyboard temperament analyzer/calculator - Bradley Lehman
		A few years ago while I was working on one of my doctoral projects (in harpsichord) I created an elaborate spreadsheet to analyze keyboard temperaments (twelve notes per octave).
		Make the major thirds best in the keys you want to play in, and let the enharmonic major thirds (actually augmented fourths, such as B-Eb) be bad because they won't be used often in the music.
		Enharmonic notes such as Eb and D# can be used interchangeably, because they are placed equally between the intervals on either side, and both are equally out of tune.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~bpl/temper.html (2467 words)

	keyboard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		• Practice identifying notes on the keyboard (this drill requires the Flash player; most computers come with this installed).
		• Practice identifying enharmonic equivalents (this drill requires the Flash player; most computers come with this installed).
		• Practice identifying whole steps and half steps on the keyboard (this drill requires the Flash player; most computers come with this installed).
	duke.usask.ca /%7Eels429/keyboard.html (102 words)

	Inventions & Patents for Stringed Keyboard Instruments
		the keyboard to cause the action to strike upon strings at the back of the instrument.
		May 9, 1867 A. Keyboard to enable performer to face auditors.
		May 26, 1869 C. Transposing double keyboard and metal bars in wooden bracings.
	www.uk-piano.org /history/patents.html (5346 words)

	Piano, Organ & Keyboard
		Learn to read the music of your choice at the keyboard and to play by ear quickly and enjoyably using the most up-to-date teaching and learning techniques available.
		Lets Play the Piano and All Those Keyboards" is a teaching technique which has been developed as a self-programmed approach to play the piano.
		The essentials for playing any keyboard presented in the most natural attainable manner using sight, sound and touch.
	www.videolearning.com /S3004.HTM (1556 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - e-Monographs
		Introduction From the 15th to the 18th century keys were added to keyboard instruments as a rather convenient way to exceed the limitations of restricted temperaments and tunings in keyboard instruments, since the essential features of these temperaments were kept, like for example the pure major thirds of meantone temperament.
		There are hints provided by Christopher Stembridge and L. Tagliavini, that extra keys were actually already used in organs tuned in pythagorean tuning in the middle of the 15th century, but at the same time meantone temperament rose and lead to a greater interest in adding the "tasti spezzati" or "subsemitonia".
		The keyboard with a short octave in the bass would look like D E Bb C F G A B c The short octave might have originated from the previous FGAB-g'',a''-compass by adding the C to the left of the keyboard and the D and E at the indicated places.
	www.dolmetsch.com /faqtuning.htm (2730 words)

	DENZIL WRAIGHT - Zarlino's 24-note harpsichord
		Zarlino appears to refer in the 1558 edition to this illustration as the model of harpsichord which could be constructed by others (...fabricare uno istrumento alla simiglianza di quello ch'io hò mostrato), but in the 1589 edition mostrato (shown) has been changed to descritto (described).
		Rudolf Rasch in his article "Why were enharmonic keyboards built?" has also drawn attention to this matter.
		Rudolf Rasch, "Why were enharmonic keyboards built?" discusses the instrument and presents a complete translation of Pesenti's text.
	www.denzilwraight.com /24note.htm (890 words)

	Chapter1, Page10
		is to observe the layout of keys on the piano keyboard.
		Notice on the following keyboard the arrangement of fl notes and white notes.
		is also observed on the above keyboard when moving from one pitch to the next in either an ascending (upwards) direction or a descending (downwards) direction.
	www.murraystate.edu /qacd/cfac/music/MUS109e/chapter1/ch1page10.htm (382 words)

	Undergrad. Catalog 05: Applied Music
		PIA 130 Music for Piano (3) An introductory course in the history and appreciation of keyboard literature from the 16th to the 20th century.
		PIA 334 Keyboard Accompanying (Minor) (1) Class instruction once per week in accompanying, score reading, popular music, and sight reading for vocal music education majors.
		PIA 335 Keyboard Accompanying (Major) (1) Class instruction once per week in accompanying, score reading, popular music, improvisation, and sight reading for piano music education majors.
	www.wcupa.edu /_information/official.documents/Undergrad.Catalog/MusAppld.htm (2258 words)

	Enharmonic Equivalents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The word, enharmonic, originates in Greek music theory, but in its modern meaning, applies to music written for instruments tuned in so-called equal temperament.
		According to this system, at least three different names may be given to each pitch, so that, for example, F-sharp, E-double-sharp, and G-flat are all tuned exactly alike, and played by the same key on the piano keyboard.
		Thus, F-sharp is considered the enharmonic equivalent of G-flat and E-double-sharp.
	www.wholarts.com /music/ed/enharm.htm (94 words)

	DENZIL WRAIGHT - Roman harpsichords
		This is one of only three surviving Italian harpsichord keyboards known originally to have had 19 notes per octave.
		The first chromatic note is B#, thereafter all chromatic notes are available with split sharps until f² when it reverts to a standard compass.
		According to one definition of the enharmonic genus, it would be possible to refer to this as an enharmonic harpsichord.
	www.denzilwraight.com /roman.htm (637 words)

	Entering Notes with the on-screen keyboard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In addition to placing notes directly on the page, they can be entered from the on-screen keyboard which can be called from the Tools menu (or by typing Command-k).
		The Command field indicates which note value (or sequence of tied notes) will be entered, the Entry Cursor determines the beat position of the note, and the pitch is set by the note played on the keyboard.
		A number of additional controls are available on the on-screen keyboard.
	debussy.music.ubc.ca /Helpfiles/OpenStep/Help/NotationOperations/EnterNotesKeyboard.html (334 words)

	Patch: tie-ing enharmonic variants
		enharmonic variants, such as g sharp in one bar and a flat in the next
		there is no difference between enharmonic variants at all, since there
		Re: Patch: tie-ing enharmonic variants Kilian A. Foth (1k)
	www.opensubscriber.com /message/lilypond-devel@gnu.org/578240.html (221 words)

	CD Baby: MARTHA MOOKE: Enharmonic Vision
		In her hands, the instrument can sound like a keyboard synthesizer, a guitar, or even a saxophone.
		Mooke's diverse schedule includes touring, clinics and lecture demonstrations on electric strings and the use of electronics, extended techniques and improvisation.
		Enharmonic Vision, her solo debut CD, continues to receive wide critical acclaim. Along with electric ebow guitarist Randolph Hudson, III, the duo "Bowing" recently released it's debut CD Cafe Mars on the 2105 A.D. label.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/mooke (464 words)

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