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Topic: Enteric

	Patent 6,139,875
		Disclosed herein is an aqueous enteric coating composition comprised of a solution of a water-soluble salt of an enteric coating polymer, with a hydrophobic compound containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms and a water-insoluble solid flake material dispersed in the aqueous solution.
		The enteric polymer salt of the aqueous coating composition is preferably formed in situ by adding the non-ionized enteric polymer and a water-soluble base to the aqueous solution separately for reaction.
		The enterically active solid dosage form of the present invention preferably has a coating weighing between about 5 to 15 weight percent of the total coated dosage form so that the active core is adequately protected from water permeation, yet the active ingredient is released quickly enough in the intestines.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/October2000/103100OG/6139875_Enteric103100.htm (1706 words)

	Enteric nervous system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The second is the submucosal plexus that is found between the layer of circular muscle and the submucosa.
		The complexity of the enteric nervous system is another reason for its status as a second brain.
		In vertebrates the enteric nervous system includes efferent neurons, afferent neurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons, all of which make the enteric nervous system capable of carrying reflexes in the absence of CNS input.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enteric_nervous_system (367 words)

	Enteric capsules - Patent 4138013
		The capsule body and cap portions are formed by dip-molding using a homogeneous film-forming mixture comprising (1) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and an ammonium salt of cellulose acetate phthalate polymer, or (2) gelatin and an ammonium salt of a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid alkyl ester; optionally with the inclusion of plasticizer and/or coloring agent.
		Another use for enteric capsules is to prevent the breakdown or dilution of drugs which are used for their effect in the intestinal tract, such as intestinal antiseptics or anthelmintics.
		As a demonstration that the capsules have the desired enteric properties, the same are subjected to a standard dissolution test of the type described in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, 8th Ed., 855-859, simulating conditions of the human body.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4138013.html (2532 words)

	Look What I Found In My Brain!: enteric coating
		An enteric coating is a coating put on a pill or capsule so that it doesn't dissolve until it reaches the small intestine.
		Enteric coatings work because they are selectively insoluble substances -- they won't dissolve in the acidic juices of the stomach, but they will when they reach the higher pH of the small intestine.
		Most enteric coatings are dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, etc. and applied to the tablets or capsules.
	www.sff.net /people/lucy-snyder/brain/2005/07/enteric-coating.html (320 words)

	Enerex.ca \| Enteric Coating
		Enteric coatings are selectively insoluble substances - they won't dissolve in the acidic juices of the stomach, but they will dissolve in the higher pH (above pH 5.5) of the small intestine.
		Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) is used as an enteric film coating material, or as a matrix binder for tablets and capsules.
		Physico-chemical characterization of the ionic permeability of an enteric coating polymer.
	www.enerex.ca /articles/enteric_coating.htm (1236 words)

	Enteric Viruses - Sources in the Environment
		Enteric viruses are excreted in large numbers in the faeces of infected persons and animals (both symptomatic and asymptomatic).
		Numbers of enteric viruses are relatively stable in sewage, with a peak in autumn/winter.
		Enteric viruses, which are quite resistant to environmental stress, can survive drinking water treatment and be detected in treated drinking water apparently free of coliform bacteria.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/enteric-enterovirus/environment-environnement_e.html (572 words)

	Patent 6,013,282
		The resulting enteric film coating dry powder composition is readily dispersible in deionized water to form a liquid enteric coating suspension and is ready to use in 30 to 45 minutes.
		A method of making the aqueous enteric coating suspension of the invention comprises mixing the anti-foaming agent into water, mixing the inventive enteric dry powder composition, or the individual ingredients of the inventive enteric dry powder composition separately, into the water, and stirring until a homogeneous suspension is produced.
		In such a suspension, the liquid plasticizer may be mixed into the enteric dry powder coating composition to become part of the enteric dry powder coating composition of the invention, or the liquid plasticizer may be added separately to the water when preparing the inventive suspension.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/011100OG/6013282_enteric011100.htm (1625 words)

	The Sharkey Laboratory
		To that end we are examining some cellular and molecular aspects of the response of enteric neurons to inflammation, inflammatory mediators and to other agents that may modify the structure and function of enteric nerves.
		The enteric nervous system constitutes the nerves and ganglionated plexuses that lie in the wall of the gut from the esophagus to the anus and in the gallbladder and pancreas.
		Recently, it was shown that ablation of enteric glia in the jejunum and ileum of adult mice leads to the development of a fulminant jejuno-ileitis.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~ksharkey/what.htm (1526 words)

	Feline Enteric Coronavirus - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Although the feline enteric coronavirus is antigenically similar to the virus of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP, Feline Infectious Peritonitis and Pleuritis: Introduction), the pathogenesis of each differs.
		The enteric form of infection is limited to the GI tract.
		The close antigenic relationship of the enteric form of the virus and that causing clinical signs of FIP has led to speculation that FIP virus may be a mutated form of enteric coronavirus.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/23304.htm (621 words)

	The Enteric Nervous System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The principal components of the enteric nervous system are two networks or plexuses of neurons, both of which are embedded in the wall of the digestive tract and extend from esophagus to anus:
		In addition to the two major enteric nerve plexuses, there are minor plexuses beneath the serosa, within the circular smooth muscle and in the mucosa.
		Congenital and acquired derangements in the structure or function of the enteric nervous system are well recognized as causes of digestive tract disease.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/basics/gi_nervous.html (743 words)

	Proinflammatory cytokines increase glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in enteric glia -- von Boyen et al. 53 ...
		upregulation of GFAP+ enteric glia by IL-1ß is reversible.
		enteric glia in the presence or absence of IL-1ß.
		is caused by an increase in GFAP expression in GFAP- enteric
	gut.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/53/2/222 (4081 words)

	DELTACORTRIL ENTERIC - Electronic Medicines Compendium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Deltacortril 'Enteric' coated tablets are used in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases and immune reactions.
		Deltacortril 'Enteric' coated tablets are included as part of the overall treatment of certain cancers which include: leukaemia (acute and lymphatic) malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
		Deltacortril 'Enteric' coated tablets are also used to make up the difference when the body's production of cortisone is too low to maintain good health.
	emc.medicines.org.uk /emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=3098 (1546 words)

	Acidophilus Enteric
		A special enteric coating allows Acidophilus E.C. and Bifido Plus E.C. capsules to pass through harsh stomach acids intact to deliver maximum potency to the lower intestinal tract where they are needed most.
		High potency Acidophilus Enteric and Bifido Plus Enteric, which release beneficial micro-organisms directly into the lower intestinal tract where they are needed, can help overcome conditions that cause an imbalance of microflora.
		Enteric Coated Capsule Contains:One billion live organisms from selected strains of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus acidophillus and lactobacillus casei subsp.
	www.altmedicineshop.com /ProductInfo/AcidolphEnteric.htm (1199 words)

	Enteric Viruses - Executive Summary for the Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water
		Enteric viruses are extremely small microorganisms that multiply only in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals.
		There are more than 140 enteric viruses known to infect humans, and many cannot be cultured.
		Enteric viruses cannot multiply in the environment, but they can survive longer in water than most intestinal bacteria and are more infectious and resistant to disinfection than most other microorganisms.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/enteric-enterovirus/executive-sommaire_e.html (1055 words)

	Enteric/Delayed Release Applications
		Enteric coatings consist of pH sensitive polymers, which means the coating remains intact in the acidic environment of the stomach and then solubilizes in the more alkaline environment of the small intestine.
		Enteric protection is required to prevent gastric mucosal irritation, to protect a drug unstable in gastric fluids or to delay release for local delivery in the intestine.
		A fully formulated, one-step, dry acrylic enteric coating system dispersible in water for the application of an enteric film coating to solid dosage forms such as beads, tablets and granules.
	www.colorcon.com /pharma/mod_rel/applications/mr_enteric_delayed.html (291 words)

	Enteric Nervous System - Back Pain - Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The enteric nervous system (ENS) is associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or alimentary canal, that runs all the way from the mouth to the anus (enteric means of the intestines’;).
		Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the ANS provide a nerve supply to the enteric nervous system – but, unlike the rest of the human body, the ENS is largely (though not completely) independent of the central nervous system.
		As a result, the enteric nervous system is affected by compression of the facet joints, but the effects are more subtle than for other components of the PNS – they are beyond the scope of this website.
	www.backrack.co.uk /enteric.shtml (178 words)

	Day Care Centers and the Spread of Enteric Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Within the past six months numerous outbreaks of enteric disease have occurred in Alaska in day care centers or in baby sitting co-ops and have affected large numbers of children and adults.
		It is obvious that enteric transmission is related to spread by the fecal-oral route among young, non-toilet trained children who have not yet learned good personal hygiene.
		In addition, children using the toilet should be supervised by the staff to ensure that the children do not put their hands in their mouths until after the washing of hands takes place.
	www.epi.hss.state.ak.us /bulletins/docs/b1981_11.htm (581 words)

	Guidance on laboratory work with hazard group 3 enteric pat...
		The following guidance applies to laboratory work with the enteric bacteria that are categorised as HG 3 in accordance with Schedule 3 of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH).
		When there is uncertainty about the presence of HG3 enteric bacteria or any other infectious agents, eg in clinical specimens such as stools and blood culture samples, routine diagnostic work can usually be undertaken under normal CL 2 conditions.
		Therefore, CL 2 would normally be sufficient unless there are strong grounds for suspecting that HG 3 enteric bacteria may be present in a particular sample or where there is presumptive identification of them, in which case all further work must be carried out at CL 3.
	www.hse.gov.uk /biosafety/diseases/entericpathogens.htm (1773 words)

	Enteric Endocrine System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In contrast to endocrine glands like the anterior pituitary gland, in which essentially all cells produce hormones, the enteric endocrine system is diffuse: single hormone-secreting cells are scattered among other types of epithelial cells in the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine.
		Like all endocrine cells, cells in enteric endocrine system do not simply secrete their hormone continuously, which would not be very useful as a control system.
		Because these cells are part of the epithelium, their apical border is in contact with the contents of the lumen, which allows them to continually "taste" or sample the lumenal environment and respond appropriately.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/basics/gi_endocrine.html (592 words)

	Enteric Neuroscience Program Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Enteric Neuroscience Program (ENSP) is composed of a cohesive group of scientists and physicians with strong, independent, grant-supported research programs in the biology of the neuromuscular system of the gastrointestinal tract.
		Educational activities include training postdoctoral research fellows and gastroenterology trainees in the field of enteric sciences, and educating patients, practicing physicians and investigators on gastrointestinal motility disorders.
		The basic science research laboratories on the Rochester campus are located in the Guggenheim, Medical Science Building, and Saint Mary's Hospital buildings while the clinical laboratories are located in the Mayo building, the Saint Mary's Hospital buildings and in the Charlton building.
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/ensp/enteric_project.cfm (607 words)

	Meridian Institute - Home Page
		The current concept of the enteric nervous system is that of a minibrain placed in close proximity to the effector systems it controls.
		Consistent with the growing body of medical information on the "abdominal brain" and enteric nervous system, Cayce referred to the abdominal brain as the "solar plexus brain" (1926, 1944), the "secondary brain" (1944), and the "central brain in the solar plexus" (1927).
		By linking the historical, systems-oriented clinical approaches to the modern research literature on the enteric nervous system, a complementary approach may be created which integrates the best of standard medical practice with traditional and alternative modalities and systems that are consistent with established anatomy and physiology.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /ceu/ceu12abd.html (6062 words)

	Anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system -- Costa et al. 47 (Supplement 4): iv15 -- Gut
		from the enteric primary afferent neurones and from ascending
		All classes of enteric neurones are equally distributed along the entire network of ganglia.
		Waterman SA, Costa M. The role of enteric inhibitory motoneurons in peristalsis in the isolated guinea-pig small intestine.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/47/suppl_4/iv15 (2499 words)

	Trends in Enteric Disease as a Cause of Death in the United States, 1989-1996 -- Peterson and Calderon 157 (1): 58 -- ...
		Enteric diseases were the underlying cause of death for an average
		the elderly, and the immunocompromised, enteric diseases are
		enteric pathogens we examined, its reported numbers are higher.
	aje.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/157/1/58 (3821 words)

	BD - Diagnostic Systems: Hektoen Enteric Agar
		Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar is used in qualitative procedures for the isolation and cultivation of gram-negative enteric microorganisms, especially Shigella, from a variety of clinical and nonclinical specimens.
		Those media which isolated a broader spectrum of enteric pathogens also were less inhibitory to members of the nonpathogenic intestinal flora.
		Hektoen Enteric Agar was developed in 1967 by King and Metzger of the Hektoen Institute in order to increase the recovery of Shigella and Salmonella organisms when compared with their recovery on other media frequently utilized in clinical laboratories at that time.
	www.bd.com /ds/productCenter/221365.asp (766 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Enteric Nervous System: Books: John Furness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The enteric nervous system is of special interest because it is the only substantial grouping of neurons outside the central nervous system that form circuits capable of autonomous reflex activity.
		This book brings together extensive knowledge of the structure and cell physiology of the enteric nervous system, and provides an up-to-date synthesis of the roles of the enteric nervous system in the control of motility, secretion and blood supply in the gastrointestinal tract.
		It includes sections on the enteric nervous system in disease, genetic abnormalities that affect enteric nervous system function, and targets for therapy in the enteric nervous system.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Enteric-Nervous-System-John-Furness/dp/1405133767 (498 words)

	Enteric Disease
		Enteric disease causing microorganisms are typically identified by meticulous microscopic examination of fixed and stained stool samples and/or by protracted culturing of fresh specimens in an array of precisely formulated media.
		That is why Genzyme has focused on developing easy-to-use rapid tests to aid in diagnosing enteric diseases.
		To address the clinical laboratory's continuing need for fast, accurate, and objective results, Genzyme is working on expanding our enteric disease product line to include unique rapid tests for diagnosing other enteric diseases including Helicobacter pylori and Clostridium difficile.
	www.genzymediagnostics.com /medical/enterics/enterics_home.asp (207 words)

	Enteric Neuroscience Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		THE C.E.N.T.E.R. The mission of the Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) Program is to become the premier epidemiology, clinical, and translational research center for clinical enteric neurosciences in the world.
		Additionally, the mission is to mentor and educate clinician investigators in the field of clinical enteric neurosciences.
		The group is part of Mayo's Enteric Neuroscience Program, and a major initiative involves collaboration with basic scientists to establish translational research, including phenotype-genotype association studies, and pharmacogenomics.
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/ensp (276 words)

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