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Topic: Enteric Fever

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	Typhoid Fever - LoveToKnow 1911
		'vmpov, the intestine) is a specific infectious fever characterized mainly by its insidious onset, by, a peculiar course of the temperature, by marked abdominal symptoms occurring in connexion with a specific lesion of the bowels, by an eruption upon the skin, by its uncertain duration, and by a liability to relapses.
		There are, in truth, several enteric fevers, and the appropriation of a term having a general meaning to one of them is inconvenient.
		Other changes common to most fevers are also to be observed, such as softening of the muscular tissues generally, and particularly of the heart, and evidences of complications affecting chest or other organs, which not infrequently arise.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Typhoid_Fever (6775 words)

	Enteric Bacilli, Enteric Bacilli Infection
		The disease consists of fever, abdominal cramps, and bloody diarrhoea with mucus.
		Fever is present in about half the patients and a mild headache may be present.
		When untreated, the average duration of fever is 30 days with a mortality of 20%; an additional 10% suffer a relapse of fever, intestinal haemorrhage or peritonitis.
	virology-online.com /Bacteria/EntericBacilli2.htm (1307 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Enteric fever is a common infectious disease of the tropical world, about 80% of these cases occur in Asian countries.
		The common complications of enteric fever related to the urinary tract are cystitis, pyelitis, and pyelonephritis.
		Enteric fever is a common infectious disease of the tropical world with an annual worldwide incidence of six million cases and 600,000 deaths.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?jp00066 (1539 words)

	Paratyphoid Fever \| AHealthyMe.com
		Enteric fever is increasingly rare in the United States.
		Paratyphoid fever has three stages: an early stage marked by high fever; a toxic stage with abdominal pain and intestinal symptoms, and a long period of recovery from fever (defervescence).
		Paratyphoid fever is marked by high fever, headache, loss of appetite, vomiting, and constipation or diarrhea.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100587263 (638 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 21
		The best studied enteric fever is typhoid fever, the form caused by S typhi, but any species of Salmonella may cause this type of disease.
		Enteric fevers may be preceded by gastroenteritis, which usually resolves before the onset of systemic disease.
		Enteric fevers are severe infections and may be fatal if antibiotics are not promptly administered.
	www.gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch021.htm (2897 words)

	AllRefer Health - Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever)
		Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection characterized by diarrhea, systemic disease, and a rash -- most commonly caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
		Early symptoms are generalized and include fever, malaise and abdominal pain.
		Although typhoid fever is common in developing countries, less than 400 cases are reported in the U.S. each year, most brought in from abroad.
	health.allrefer.com /health/typhoid-fever-info.html (442 words)

	Typhoid in Indonesia - Prevention and Treatment
		Typhoid or ‘enteric’ fever is an acute or sub-acute disease caused by the salmonella bacteria.
		Enteric fevers are caused by Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B (S, schottmülleri) and S. paratyphi C (S. hirschfeldii).
		On examination the fever and slow pulse are still present, the abdomen is usually distended and may be tender especially in the right iliac fossa (same place as the appendix), and the spleen is often enlarged.
	www.expat.or.id /medical/typhoid.html (1752 words)

	fever
		Q fever (Worldwide): Q fever is a rickettsial zoonosis (infection with gram negative Coxiella burnetii) contracted primarily from inhalation of dust contaminated by infected animals, especially sheep, cattle, and goats; and also other mammals.
		Trench fever is characterized by abrupt onset of fever, headache, myalgia, malaise, and often aseptic meningitis.
		Yellow fever (most of tropical and subtropical South America and Africa): Yellow fever (YF) is caused by an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito from one human to another (the urban form of YF) or from monkeys to humans (the jungle or sylvan form of YF).
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/fever.htm (5022 words)

	Fever - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Enteric Fever, group of bacterial infectious diseases that includes typhoid and paratyphoid fevers.
		It refers to fevers that primarily affect the...
		Tsutsugamushi Fever, acute, febrile disease of humans caused by a rickettsia, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and transmitted by the larvae (chiggers) of...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Fever.html (144 words)

	There are several infections that may mimic enteric fever... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The classical syndrome of enteric fever is an acute illness that presents as fever, headache, abdominal symptoms, splenomegaly, and leukopenia.
		Typhoid fever, a prototype of this syndrome, is a life threatening, feco-orally transmitted infectious disease caused by Salmonella group of gram negative bacteria (S typhi, S. paratyphi A, B, and C).
		Though enteric fever is quite a commonly used term, basically it is not an enteric disease and typhoid fever is an appropriate term for this disease.
	www.indegene.com /Main/FeatArt/indMainFeatArt1a.html (235 words)

	Salmonella Paratyphi A Rates, Asia \| CDC EID
		The incidence of typhoid fever per 100,000 in the different countries follows the same pattern as mean gross national income (2003) and the mortality ranking for children <5 years (12).
		Paratyphi A is the causal agent for a substantial proportion of enteric fever episodes that cannot be distinguished clinically from typhoid fever episodes.
		The role of epidemiology in the introduction of Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccines in Asia.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol11no11/05-0168.htm (1664 words)

	Evaluation of fever in the returning traveler
		Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are caused by infection with Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi.
		Enteric fever is endemic where poor sanitary facilities and unsafe water supplies prevail.
		Any patient with suspected enteric fever in which the diagnosis is not clear should be admitted to the hospital before secondary complications arise.
	www.jaapa.com /issues/j20040801/articles/w0804fever.html (2198 words)

	[No title]
		Typhoid fever, also know as enteric fever, is a serious infection that is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
		Typhoid fever is a common problem in developing countries, such as India, Africa and South America, where food hygiene and sanitation standards may not be as high as in developed countries.
		Paratyphoid fever, caused by Salmonella enteritidis paratyphi A, B or C, is a similar infection to typhoid fever but is less severe.
	www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk /articles/article.aspx?articleId=380 (182 words)

	ENTERIC FEVER Pediatric Oncall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		typhi causes typhoid fever and S.paratyphi A and B cause paratyphoid fever.
		Circulating endotoxin (a lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial cell wall) is thought to be the cause of prolonged fever and toxic symptoms.
		Cefotaxime (200mg/kg/d) intravenously in 3-4 divided doses or ceftriaxone (100mg/kg/d IV in 1 or 2 divided doses) for 7-10 days have also been successful in treating enteric fever caused by resistant strains.
	www.pediatriconcall.com /FORDOCTOR/DiseasesandCondition/ENTERIC_FEVER.asp (615 words)

	eMedicine - Typhoid Fever : Article by John L Brusch, MD, FACP
		Typhoid fever is a severe multisystemic illness characterized by the classic prolonged fever, sustained bacteremia without endothelial or endocardial involvement, and bacterial invasion of and multiplication within the mononuclear phagocytic cells of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer patches.
		In more recent years, prospective studies have shown that, although the incidence of classic typhoid fever in patients is highest in adolescents and young adults, the overall incidence of blood culture–confirmed disease is generally highest in children aged 3-9 years and declines significantly in late adolescence.
		Fever occurs in 75-85% of patients in the first week and is often initially remittent but becomes steady.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic2331.htm (9107 words)

	Typhoid is an infection caused by a bacteria called as Salmonella typhi. It leads to fever and is also known as Enteric ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It leads to fever and is also known as Enteric fever.
		Long standing typhoid fever may involve any organ of the body and cause pneumonia, heart problems, infection in the brain, bones or joints.
		Continuous fever may be one of the markers of typhoid fever.
	www.pediatriconcall.com /forpatients/CommonChild/typhoid_enteric_fever.asp (372 words)

	Typhoid Fever: Bacterial Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is caused by the gram-negative bacilli Salmonella typhi and is characterized by prolonged fever, abdominal pain, and a rash.
		This sustained fever is often accompanied by a slow heartbeat and extreme exhaustion.
		Although the history and symptoms of illness may suggest typhoid fever, the diagnosis must be confirmed by identifying the bacteria in cultures of blood, stool, urine, or other body fluids or tissues.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec17/ch190/ch190w.html (803 words)

	Salmonella Paratyphi A rates, Asia Emerging Infectious Diseases - Find Articles
		First, licensed typhoid fever vaccines (Vi polysaccharide and live oral Ty21 a) do not protect against infections caused by S. Paratyphi A, and they may become less useful in controlling enteric fever in regions of Asia.
		In Indonesia, 14% of enteric fever episodes were caused by S. Paratyphi A, in Pakistan 15%, in India 24%, and in China 64% (Figure).
		The perception that a small proportion of enteric fever cases are caused by S. Paratyphi A is probably no longer true in many regions of Asia, especially in southeast China, where S. Paratyphi A is already more frequently isolated than is S. Typhi.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_11_11/ai_n15796068 (946 words)

	Enteric fever is widely prevalent in the tropics... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Enteric fever is widely prevalent in the tropics...
		In many of the reported cases of cerebellar ataxia complicating enteric fever, the diagnosis of enteric fever was based on the widal test, and blood culture was either not done or was sterile.
		Exact pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia in enteric fever is not known.
	www.indegene.com /Neu/ClinRound/indNeuCase9.html (822 words)

	Antibiotic Resistance Advance In Asia - Growing Resistance Of Paratyphoid Fever Bacterium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are clinically indistinguishable diseases, collectively called enteric fever, that strike at the world's poorest.
		Each year there are an estimated 21 million cases of enteric fever as a result of infection by Salmonella Typhi (typhoid fever) or Salmonella Paratyphi A (paratyphoid fever).
		The successful control of typhoid fever in Thailand shows how useful typhoid vaccines can be and the continued success of such campaigns depends on local perception of their effectiveness.
	www.pharma-lexicon.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=38308 (1248 words)

	Water related diseases, typhoid and paratyphoid enteric fever - Lenntech
		Typhoid and paratyphoid enteric fever are acute, generalized infections caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphoid respectively.
		The symptoms of typhoid appear 10 to 14 days after infection; they can be mild or severe and include high fever, rose-colored spots on the abdomen and chest, diarrhoea or constipation, and enlargement of the spleen and liver.
		Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are common in less-industrialized countries, principally owing to they problem of unsafe drinking water, inadequate sewage disposal and flooding.
	www.lenntech.com /Waterborne-diseases/typhoid.htm (252 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Enteric fever - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Enteric fever (medical condition): A gastrointestinal condition mainly in the developing world.
		Typhoid fever is unrelated to the similarly named typhus (a tick-borne infection).
		Enteric fever: serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/enteric_fever_printer.htm (288 words)

	Typhoid
		Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that is rare in the United States.
		Typhoid is an intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
		Even after a complete recovery from Typhoid fever the patient may remain a carrier of the bacteria for a number of weeks, months or even years.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord730.htm (1329 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Enteric fever continues to be a global health problem, with an estimated 13-17 million cases worldwide resulting in ~600,00 deaths per year(1).
		Enteric fever encompasses a disease with a range of severity, with typhoid fever being severe and paratyphoid fever a milder illness.
		In recent years, ciprofloxacin has emerged as a highly effective agent in the treatment of enteric fever, thus therapeutic failure to quinolones is an important trend of concern(1,11).
	www.indianpediatrics.net /mar2003/mar-252-254.htm (1160 words)

	AccessMedicine - Harrison's Internal Medicine: Enteric (Typhoid) Fever
		However, in the early 1800s, typhoid fever was clearly defined pathologically as a unique illness on the basis of its association with enlarged Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes.
		In 1869, given the anatomical site of infection, the term enteric fever was proposed as an alternative designation to distinguish typhoid fever from typhus.
		Thus, enteric fever is transmitted only through close contact with acutely infected individuals or chronic carriers.
	www.accessmedicine.com /content.aspx?aID=71306 (280 words)

	Risk Factors for Enteric Perforation in Patients with Typhoid Fever -- Hosoglu et al. 160 (1): 46 -- American Journal ...
		with typhoid enteric perforation was documented (9, 16–20).
		The effect of older age on typhoid enteric perforation is unclear.
		Patterns of morbidity and mortality in typhoid fever dependent on age and gender: review of 552 hospitalized patients with diarrhea.
	aje.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/160/1/46 (2254 words)

	THE ETIOLOGY OF FEBRILE ILLNESS IN ADULTS PRESENTING TO PATAN HOSPITAL IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL -- MURDOCH et al. 70 (6): ...
		Enteric fever is well-recognized as an important cause of febrile
		Fever and human immunodeficiency virus infection as sentinels for emerging mycobacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients
		Clinical importance of Salmonella Paratyphi A infection to enteric fever in Nepal.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/70/6/670 (4031 words)

	Typhoid Fever - Mississippi Department of Health
		Typhoid fever is common in the developing world, where it affects about 12.5 million people every year.
		What it is: Typhoid fever is a bacterial disease that is mainly found in developing countries.
		Typhoid fever is also known as enteric fever.
	www.msdh.state.ms.us /msdhsite/_static/14,0,194,177.html (543 words)

	Approach to Fever in Children
		Commonest symptom for which parents consult a family physician or a paediatrician is fever.
		You must carefully review each case clinically to reach the cause of fever and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics or diagnostic tools.
		In 50% of patients seizures, don’t relapse while 50% of patients they may relapse hence precautions should be exercised during each episode of fever, till the age of 6 yr.
	www.bhj.org /journal/2000_4201_jan00/sp_36.htm (548 words)

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