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Topic: Enterococcus

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	Bacterial resistance to vancomycin: Overproduction, purification, and characterization of VanC2 from Enterococcus ...
		Bacterial resistance to vancomycin: Overproduction, purification, and characterization of VanC2 from Enterococcus casseliflavus as a
		The VanC phenotype for clinical resistance of enterococci to vancomycin is exhibited by Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus
		Biochemical and Genetic Characterization of the vanC-2 Vancomycin Resistance Gene Cluster of Enterococcus casseliflavus ATCC 25788
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/19/10040 (443 words)

	Enterococcus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Enterococcus is a genus of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.
		In the last two decades, particularly virulent strains of Enterococcus which are resistant to vancomycin (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci or VRE) have emerged in nosocomial infections of hospitalized patients.
		Schleifer KH and Kilpper-Balz R. Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the genus Enterococcus nom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enterococcus (239 words)

	The Enterococcus Research Site >> Pathogenicity of Enterococci
		Role of adherence in pathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis urinary tract infection and endocarditis.
		Nucleotide sequence of the gelatinase gene (gelE) from Enterococcus faecalis subsp.
		Enterococcus faecalis aggravates pyelonephritis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in experimental ascending mixed urinary tract infection in mice.
	w3.ouhsc.edu /enterococcus/lynn_revirew.asp (6153 words)

	Enterococcus
		In 2004 Enterococcus took the place of FC as the new federal standard for water quality at public beaches.
		For marine waters, the geometric mean for Enterococcus is not to exceed 35 cells/100ml and no single enterococcus reading may exceed 104 cells/100ml.
		Enterococcus had a summer geometric mean of nearly 60 cells/100ml.
	www.nynjcoast.org /NYCDEPHarbor_survey/docs/pathogenic/enter.htm (751 words)

	CDC - Epidemic and Nonepidemic Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium
		Enterococcus faecium has become an important nosocomial pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients, creating serious limitations in treatment options because of cumulative resistance to antimicrobial agents (1).
		Variant esp gene as a marker of a distinct genetic lineage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium spreading in hospitals.
		Role of Enterococcus faecalis surface protein Esp in the pathogenesis of ascending urinary tract infection.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol9no9/02-0383.htm (4540 words)

	Enterococcus
		Enterococcus canintestini was previously known as "Enterococcus dispar-like" De Graef et al.
		Enterococcus durans (ex Sherman and Wing 1937) Collins et al.
		"Micrococcus ovalis" Escherich 1886, "Streptococcus liquefaciens" Sternberg 1892, "Micrococcus zymogenes" MacCallum and Hastings 1899, "Enterocoque" Thiercelin 1902, "Enterococcus proteiformis" Thiercelin and Jouhaud 1903, "Streptococcus glycerinaceus" Orla-Jensen 1919.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /e/enterococcus.html (2841 words)

	Candida fungemial, Enterococcus septicemia, Bone marrow aplasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		from liver, kidney and spleen are diagnostic for Enterococcus spp.
		In humans, Enterococcus septicemia and disseminated Candida glabrata infections are serious problems in patients with bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia, most commonly related to chemotherapy and/or irradiation with cancer therapy, bone marrow transplantation or HIV infection. Enterococcus spp.
		Reports about Enterococcus septicemia and Candida fungemia in dogs and cats are rare. One case of Enterococcus faecalis -associated discospondylitis was reported in a dog. Multiple antibiotic resistance was found in Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from surgical wounds of hospitalized cats.
	www.addl.purdue.edu /newsletters/2002/summer/finaldx.shtml (279 words)

	Medipharm Scientific Release on the safe use of Enterococcus Faecium
		Enterococcus faecium is a species of bacteria that has been characterized as part of the normal gastrointestinal microbial flora in domestic livestock and humans.
		Enterococcus faecalis is implicated in 80 % of all VRE and Enterococcus faecium in the remaining 20 %.
		Enterococcus faecium is a normal G.I. tract bacterium that constitutes an integral part of the intestinal microflora for most living creatures, including man. It cannot be removed from the environment and will continue to be a portion of the intestinal microflora for years to come.
	www.cellarator.com /Medipharmrelease.htm (4042 words)

	Enterococcus faecalis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Enterococcus faecalis as viewed through a scanning electron microscope
		Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacteria inhabiting the alimentary canals of humans and animals, are now acknowledged to be organisms capable of causing life-threatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial (hospital) environment.
		The existence of enterococci in such a dual role is facilitated, at least in part, by its intrinsic and acquired resistance to virtually all antibiotics currently in use.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Streptococcus_faecalis (188 words)

	eMedicine - Enterococcal Infection : Article Excerpt by: Walid Abuhammour, MD, FAAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Enterococcus species, Streptococcus bovis, and Streptococcus equines originally were grouped together as group D streptococci (Lancefield classification).
		Enterococcus currently is recognized as one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections and is becoming increasingly resistant to numerous antibiotics, including vancomycin.
		Enterococcus frequently is isolated from polymicrobial wounds and intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, but whether enterococci contribute to the pathogenesis of these infections is often uncertain.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/enterococcal-infection.htm (564 words)

	Effects of Antibiotics on Nosocomial Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci -- Harbarth et al. 46 (6): 1619 ...
		Persistence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium gastrointestinal tract colonization in antibiotic-treated mice.
		Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on a pediatric oncology ward: duration of stool shedding and incidence of clinical infection.
		Overgrowth of Enterococcus faecium in the feces of patients with hematologic malignancies.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/46/6/1619 (6924 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Enterococcal meningitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus. First case report
		Enterococcal meningitis is an uncommon disease usually caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium and is associated with a high mortality rate.
		Enterococcus casseliflavus has been implicated in a wide variety of infections in humans, but never in meningitis.
		Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the two species most frequently isolated during the course of meningitis (76%–90% and 9–22% respectively).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2334/5/3 (1617 words)

	Rapid MGP Medium - for Enterococcus
		Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, components of the human intestinal tract, are the two most frequently encountered enterococci in the clinical laboratory.
		Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum are MGP positive.
		Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are MGP negative.
	www.hardydiagnostics.com /catalog/hugo/RapidMGPMedium.htm (1098 words)

	Human Enterococcus - Source Molecular Corporation
		Strains of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and yellow-pigmented Enterococci have been shown to be from human sources.
		One of the advantages of the Human Enterococcus ID service is that the entire population of Enterococci of the selected portion of the water sample is screened.
		Prevalence of esp, encoding the enterococcal surface protein, in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from hospital patients, poultry, and pigs in Denmark.
	www.sourcemolecular.com /humanenterococcus.htm (1200 words)

	Surfrider Foundation A-Z: Coliform, Fecal Coliform and Enterococcus Bacteria
		The enterococcus group is a subgroup of the fecal streptococci.
		The enterococci portion of the streptococcus group is a valuable bacterial indicator for determining the extent of fecal contamination of recreational surface waters.
		Enterococcus is a bacteria found in the human intestine and therefore a good indicator of human waste.
	www.surfrider.org /a-z/bacteria.htm (576 words)

	Identification of Enterococcus Species and Phenotypically Similar Lactococcus and Vagococcus Species by Reverse ...
		Commonly, Enterococcus species are identified by a combination of morphological and culture characteristics (11, 12).
		asini (ATCC 700915), and a new Enterococcus sp.
		Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicemia and meningoencephalitis in fish.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/38/11/3953 (3387 words)

	Multiple-Drug Resistant Enterococci: The Nature of the Problem and an Agenda for the Future
		Rapid dissemination of ß-lactamase-producing, aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecalis among patients and staff on an infant-toddler surgical ward.
		Outbreak of vancomycin-, ampicillin-, and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit.
		The contribution of a cell wall associated carbohydrate to the in vivo survival of Enterococcus faecalis in a murine model of infection.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol4no2/huycke.htm (5679 words)

	Description of Enterococcus canis sp. nov. from dogs and reclassification of Enterococcus porcinus Teixeira et al. 2001 ...
		Enterococcus solitarius was used as the outgroup and bootstrap probability values (%) are indicated at the branch-points (500 tree replications).
		Protein profiles of Enterococcus strains and corresponding dendrogram, derived from the unweighted pair group average linkage of correlation coefficients, r (expressed as a percentage value for convenience).
		Farrow, J. and Collins, M. Enterococcus hirae, a new species that includes amino acid assay strain NCDO 1258 and strains causing growth depression in young chickens.
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/4/1069 (2329 words)

	Evaluation of Recreational Health Risk in Coastal Waters Based on Enterococcus Densities and Bathing Patterns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Of several bacterial indicators commonly used for microbial risk assessment (e.g., total coliform, fecal coliform, and enterococcus), the enterococcus density in seawater is believed to be the best single measure of its quality relative to the risk of swimming-associated, pollution-related infectious disease (11-13).
		The primary enterococcus density-HCGI relationship used in the model was drawn from prospective health risk studies of sewage exposure conducted by Cabelli et al.
		Enterococcus levels were generally higher at sampling locations north of the SAR in Huntington Beach than at stations south of the SAR in Newport Beach.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2003/5563/5563.html (4829 words)

	Enterococcus faecalis Tropism for the Kidneys in the Urinary Tract of C57BL/6J Mice -- Kau et al. 73 (4): 2461 -- ...
		Enterococcus faecalis Tropism for the Kidneys in the Urinary Tract of C57BL/6J Mice -- Kau et al.
		Enterococcus faecalis Tropism for the Kidneys in the Urinary Tract of C57BL/6J Mice
		Enterococcal aggregation substance and binding substance are not major contributors to urinary tract colonization by Enterococcus faecalis in a mouse model of ascending unobstructed urinary tract infection.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/4/2461 (4264 words)

	Relationships between Enterococcal Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance -- Mundy et al. 13 (4): 513 -- Clinical ...
		Enterococcus hirae implicated as a cause of diarrhea in suckling rats.
		Heterologous inducible expression of Enterococcus faecalis pCF10 aggregation substance asc 10 in Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii contributes to cell hydrophobicity and adhesion to fibrin.
		Enterococcus faecalis bearing aggregation substance is resistant to killing by human neutrophils despite phagocytosis and neutrophil activation.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/13/4/513 (6337 words)

	JGI - Enterococcus faecium Overview
		What is now recognized as pathogenic Enterococcus was studied as early as the late 1900s.
		An Enterococcus infection can cause complicated abdominal infections, skin and skin structure infections, urinary tract infections and infections of the blood stream.
		Of those, less than 2% of E. faecalis were found to be resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin, whereas 83% of the E.
	www.jgi.doe.gov /News/Efacium_overvw.htm (374 words)

	JGI E. faecium Home
		What is now recognized as pathogenic Enterococcus was studied as early as the late 1900s.
		An Enterococcus infection can cause complicated abdominal infections, skin and skin structure infections, urinary tract infections and infections of the blood stream.
		These infections can be difficult to treat, particularly in cases where the strain involved has developed resistance to several antibiotics Infection can be life threatening in such instances, especially if the patient is already immuno-deficient.
	genome.jgi-psf.org /draft_microbes/entfa/entfa.home.html (330 words)

	eMedicine - Enterococcal Infection : Article by Walid Abuhammour, MD, FAAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Meningitis: Although Enterococcus rarely causes meningitis in otherwise healthy children and adults, it is known to cause meningitis and ventriculitis in children with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts.
		Enterococcus may cause focal skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, and conjunctivitis in the neonate.
		Enterococcus with gentamicin MICs of greater than 500 mcg/mL and streptomycin MICs of greater than 1000-2000 mcg/mL (depending on method used) are considered highly resistant and nonsynergistic for use of the aminoglycoside as part of combination therapy.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2703.htm (3206 words)

	Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Produce -- Johnston and Jaykus 70 (5): 3133 -- Applied ...
		Differences in antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from farm and pet animals.
		Selection of Enterococcus faecium strains with stable and unstable resistance to the streptogramin RP 59500 using stepwise in vitro exposure.
		Prevalence of streptogramin resistance among Enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the Greater Washington DC area.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/5/3133 (2602 words)

	FindArticles search for "Enterococcus"
		To the Editor: We report detecting a vanB determinant in Enterococcus gallinarum in poultry in Italy.
		The genus Enterococcus includes over 20 species.1 Increasing numbers of enterococci are becoming resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics.
		Receptor-mediated endocytosis of biofilm-forming Enterococcus faecalis by rat peritoneal macrophages
	www.findarticles.com /p/search?tb=art&qt=Enterococcus (744 words)

	SAARS: Enterococcus spp. (microbiology)
		The enterococci do bear the Lancefield Group D antigen, but Enterococcus is a genus separate from Streptococcus.
		The streptococci are most commonly encountered in respiratory specimens (although they also occur in wound infections and in the GI tract), while the enterococci are GI commensals which most often occur elsewhere (at least initially) as opportunists; e.g., in a mixed wound infection or as the causative agent of a UTI.
		Alpha-hemolytic enterococci cause an incomplete destruction of the red cells within the sheep blood agar, producing a typical dark green discoloration of the media surrounding or (more commonly) directly underneath the colony, reflecting the presence of biliverdin and other heme compounds.
	members.tripod.com /piece_de_resistance/SAARS/bugs/menteroc.htm (335 words)

	Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
		Enterococcus is a group of bacteria that causes infections in humans and animals and is related to Streptococcus.
		Most human infections are due to Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.
		Several studies in animals and humans have demonstrated the effectiveness of Synercid against VRE, and it is now considered the drug of choice for such infections.
	health.ivillage.com /infectious/0,,6dws,00.html (709 words)

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