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Enterocyte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Enterocyte is a type of epithelial cell of the superficial layer of the small and large intestine tissue. Glucose, from the intestinal lumen, crosses the apical membrane of the enterocyte using the Na+ dependent glucose transporter; moves through the cytosol and exits the enterocyte via the basolateral membrane (into the blood capillary) using GLUT-2. It is thought to cross into the blood capillary using one of the other GLUT transporters. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enterocytes   (133 words)

Department of Surgery : Research : Massachusetts General Hospital We are studying the differentiation process of the enterocyte, the cell that comprises 95% of all villus cells and is responsible for the nutrient digestion and absorption that is critical to life. The enterocyte marker gene, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is being used as a tool to identify and characterize transcription factors that mediate the differentiation process. We have identified specific alterations in the phenotype of the enterocyte that appears to be a reliable marker for this gut mucosal failure and have ongoing studies that are geared toward an elucidation of this abnormal phentoype and the molecular events that cause it. www.mgh.harvard.edu /surgery/research/gensurg.htm   (2945 words)

Title page for ETD etd-06082001-115207 The overall objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids on enterocyte differentiation, maturation, and susceptibility to coronavirus infection in turkeys. As enterocytes (embryos) matured, villin was found to concentrate at the apical surfaces and eventually at the basolateral membranes. Enterocyte maturation was assessed by the determination of villin expression on immunoblot and the severity of TCV infection was determined by IPA and lesion score. scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-06082001-115207   (598 words)

Metabolism of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors Indinavir and Ritonavir by Human Intestinal ... The metabolism of ritonavir in liver and enterocyte Inhibition of the metabolism of ritonavir by ketoconazole in incubations with liver and enterocyte microsomes. courses of its biotransformation by enterocyte and liver microsomes dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/6/552   (6915 words)

Environmental Salinity Regulates Receptor Expression, Cellular Effects, and Circulating Levels of Two Antagonizing ... Enterocytes from either FW or SW adapted rainbow trout were Enterocytes from FW- and SW-adapted rainbow trout were acclimated in enterocytes from rainbow trout adapted to SW is similar to that demonstrated in enterocytes from the marine endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/2/559   (3859 words)

Fan et al., February 2001 Enterocyte migration rate was measured in the proximal and distal intestine using in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Enterocyte migration rate was similar (3.2 vs 3.0 μm/h), whereas the villus height (547.4 vs 908.5 μm) and enterocyte life span (4.7 vs 10.2 d) were markedly lower (P < 0.05) in the proximal than in the distal segments, respectively. Our results suggest that the enterocyte life span in the distal small intestine is approximately twice as long as in the proximal small intestine. www.asas.org /jas/abs/2001/feb371.htm   (445 words)

SSAT - 1997 Abstract: 25 Interleukin-10 receptor expression is downregulated with enterocyte differentiation.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18) Interleukin-10 receptor expression is downregulated with enterocyte differentiation. The objective of these studies was to determine if IL 10 modulates enterocyte proliferative response and to determine if IL 10-receptor expression varies with state of enterocyte differentation. Conclusion: IL10 receptor expression varies with enterocyte phenotype and is lost in the differentiated enterocyte. www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/abstracts/97ddw/ddw25.cgi?affiliation=other   (413 words)

Focal enterocyte vacuolization. A new microscopic finding in the acquired immune deficiency wasting syndrome. Vacuolization of duodenal enterocytes was found by light microscopic examination in five patients meeting the Centers for Disease Control criteria for the acquired immunodeficiency wasting syndrome. Enterocyte vacuolization was patchy in distribution, although affected cells were most notable on villous tips. The authors hypothesize that lipid accumulation represents an enterocyte response to injury, possibly by an indirect effect of the human immunodeficiency virus. www.aegis.com /aidsline/1993/apr/M9340198.html   (379 words)

Directory of open access journals Reduction of enterocyte proliferation by 28 and 41% was observed after 24 h of culture in the presence and absence of 10% fetal calf serum, respectively, with the effect lasting up to 72 h. A dose-dependent increase in PPARgamma expression in fetal rat enterocytes was observed. The expression of PPAR-gamma was raised by 7- and 40-fold, in the presence and absence of fetal calf serum, respectively, with cholesterol at 80 mM. www.doaj.org /abstract?id=89123&toc=y   (208 words)

[No title] Weiser developed a method for the sequential isolation of populations of viable enterocytes from the mammalian small intestine utilising enzymes and chelating agents (Weiser, 1973) which was subsequently improved by the use of hyperosmolar, intracellular-like isolation media (Del Castillo, 1987). However, it is known that enterocytes exhibit a heterogeneity in their resting membrane potentials dependent upon their state of differentiation along the villus axis (Cremaschi et al., 1984). In addition crypt enterocyte position can be consistently established relative to the crypt ground region, allowing the determination of heterogeneity in transport function along the crypt axis. www.cellscience.com /chapter2.htm   (2449 words)

Grapefruit Juice Increases Felodipine Oral Availability in Humans by Decreasing Intestinal CYP3A Protein Expression -- ... CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein are expressed exclusively in mature enterocytes in the intestine (19, 20, 35). Enterocyte CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and P-glycoprotein concentration are expressed as the ratio of the computer-determined densitometric The fall in enterocyte concentration of CYP3A4 protein during grapefruit juice treatment was not equivalent among individuals. www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/99/10/2545   (6716 words)

Antigen Transport and Cytoskeletal Characteristics of a Distinct Enterocyte Population in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ... Antigen Transport and Cytoskeletal Characteristics of a Distinct Enterocyte Population in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- Kersting et al. Antigen Transport and Cytoskeletal Characteristics of a Distinct Enterocyte Population in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases vesicles of enterocytes in inflammatory bowel disease and control ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/abstract/165/2/425   (179 words)

Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Murine Apc Mutation: Differences in Enterocyte Migration and Response to Sulindac -- ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18) Enterocyte migration is unaffected by codon 1638 mutation. The percentage of staining of enterocytes in these crypt-villus units was measured by an observer blinded to the animal’s genetic and treatment status using the CAS 200. The percentage of staining of enterocytes in these crypt-villus units was measured by an observer blinded to the animal’s genetic status using the CAS 200. cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/2/353   (6204 words)

Iron Absorption It may leave the enterocyte and enter the body via the basolateral transporter known as ferroportin. This iron will be lost from the body when the enterocyte dies and is sloughed off from the tip of the villus. Iron that enters the body from the basolateral surface of the enterocyte is rapidly bound to transferrin, an iron-binding protein of the blood. courses.washington.edu /conj/bess/iron/iron.htm   (954 words)

IGF-I augments resection-induced mucosal hyperplasia by altering enterocyte kinetics -- Dahly et al. 285 (4): 800 -- ... or increase in enterocyte migration beyond the effects of resection. Alterations in enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis accompany TPN-induced mucosal hypoplasia and IGF-I-induced hyperplasia in rats. Investigation of three doses of oral insulin-like growth factor-I on jejunal lactase phlorizin hydrolase activity and gene expression and enterocyte proliferation and migration in piglets. ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/4/R800   (5324 words)

Iron homeostasis: new tales from the crypt -- Roy and Enns 96 (13): 4020 -- Blood When the precursor cell differentiates, the expression of proteins specific to the enterocyte, such as the apical and basolateral iron transporters and hephaestin, is induced. Although the enterocyte precursor absorbs, but does not transport iron, the differentiated enterocyte takes up iron from the duodenum at the apical membrane through the divalent metal transporter (DMT1) and transports it into the plasma. to mature enterocytes and is absent from the crypts www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/96/13/4020   (6339 words)

Lecture 5 Digestion and absorption Amino acids are transported into and out of the enterocyte by sodium dependent transport in a manner similar to glucose. Thus the diarrhoea associated with cholera is a secretory diarrhoea caused by massive efflux of chloride ions from the enterocyte and retention of water in the gut rather than it being absorbed. This acts on enterocytes in the gut to directly stimulate the transcription of the gene encoding the calcium binding protein. www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/Physiology/Staff/LFD/text/Lecture5.html   (1655 words)

Intestinal adaptation and enterocyte apoptosis following small bowel resection is p53 independent -- Shin et al. 277 ... The rate of enterocyte proliferation may be accelerated by a number of stimuli; however, the greatest provocation spawning Proliferative index (means ± SE) was derived by blinded counting the number of enterocytes per crypt that incorporate 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine divided by total number of cells in crypt. p21 expression was localized to villus enterocytes taken from the p53-null mice (arrows) but not identified in the wild-type mice. ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/3/G717   (3742 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18) A method is reported for isolation of enterocyte growth factors from intestinal mucosa by preparations from intestinal epithelium taken from healthy warm-blooded animals that have starved for the last 24 hours and have just been decapitated. A method is also created for the isolation of enterocyte growth factors from intestinal mucosa by preparations from intestinal epithelium taken from the small intestines of healthy warm-blooded animals that have starved for the last 24 hours and have just been decapitated. The received material is further ultrafiltrated within the limits from 6 to 1 kDa to obtain enterocyte growth inhibiting factors, and within the limits from 2 to 0.5 kDa to obtain enterocyte growth stimulating factors. www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/47605.000817&ELEMENT_SET=DECL   (7385 words)

An In Vitro Examination of the Impact of Polyethylene Glycol 400, Pluronic P85, and Vitamin E d-α-Tocopheryl ... In the enterocyte, P-gp is an apical transmembrane protein responsible for the efflux (secretion) of a number of structurally diverse compounds and is also widely expressed in other human tissues, including the liver, kidneys, placenta, and blood-brain barrier. P-gp is therefore a potential determinant of not only the extent of oral absorption but also the pattern of tissue distribution and elimination of its substrates. Previous studies have suggested that P-gp efflux and CYP3A metabolism in the enterocyte act in concert to protect the body from absorption and subsequent exposure to potentially toxic xenobiotics and therefore may also reduce the passage of intact drug across the intestinal mucosa. www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=ps040440   (4557 words)

Absorption of Minerals and Metals Iron is absorbed by villus enterocytes in the proximal duodenum. Iron abundance states: iron within the enterocyte is trapped by incorporation into ferritin and hence, not transported into blood. Once inside the enterocyte, iron is liberated and essentially follows the same pathway for export as absorbed inorganic iron. arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/smallgut/absorb_minerals.html   (858 words)

Final Diagnosis -- Case 163   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18) Symptomatology -- The absence of microvilli in the enterocyte brush border is associated with an inability to absorb even simple nutrients and the disease presents as refractory diarrhea in the newborn period (2). Electron microscopy shows the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions (the ultrastructural counterpart of the alkaline phosphatase stain) within surface enterocytes, and are lined by brush border microvilli (6). An alternative explanation is that the inclusions result from involution of preformed surface microvilli.This contention is supported by the observation that the Microvillus inclusions are situated exclusively in the apical portions of the cytoplasm (6). path.upmc.edu /cases/case163/dx.html   (470 words)

Modulation of tumor formation and intestinal cell migration by estrogens in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of colorectal ... Enterocyte migration is reduced by ovariectomy of WT and Min/+ mice Enterocyte crypt–villus migration in the Min/+ mouse is slowed by ovariectomy. Using freshly prepared enterocyte lysates, IP and IB assays were performed to measure the association of AJ proteins, ß-catenin and E-cadherin. carcin.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/3/587   (5178 words)

Postural influences on the hemodynamic responses to vasodilating drugs in congestive heart failure. Effect of ... The aims of the present study were to elucidate the possible cellular target mechanisms for the rapid actions of 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3), 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in Atlantic cod enterocytes at physiological doses, and to establish the concentration and thus the physiological range of circulating 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3), 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the Atlantic cod. Administration of 25(OH)D(3) (10nM) to enterocytes in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) increased [Ca(2+)](i) by approximately 18%, indicating a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also affected enterocyte [Ca(2+)](i) in a biphasic manner: the rapid decrease, the recovery rate, and the mean final [Ca(2+)](i) were all affected dose-dependently, with EC(50) values of 8.3, 24.5 and 7.7nM respectively. www.hairmillion.com /rx-online-info/nifedipine-online-rx/nifedipine-online-rx.1283.html   (862 words)

Richard Hodin, MD at Massachusetts General Hospital Among the mechanisms that underlie gut differentiation is a specific alteration in chromatin structure. Convergence of the thyroid hormone and gut-enriched kruppel-like factor pathways in the context of enterocyte differentiation. Enterocyte differentiation marker intestinal alkaline phosphatase is a target gene of the gut-enriched krüppel-like factor. www.mgh.harvard.edu /cancer/research/basic/affiliated/surgery/hodin.asp   (713 words)

Endotoxin Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Restitution through Activation of Rho-GTPase and Increased Focal Adhesions -- ... for enterocytes to respond to endotoxin is the presence of the B, to assess enterocyte migration along the crypt-villus axis, control (C-E) and NEC animals (F) were injected with BrdUrd 1 h (C) and 18 h (D-F) prior to sacrifice and then immunostained for BrdUrd (the arrows indicate position of peroxidase staining). A, lysates were prepared from J774 macrophages, IEC-6 enterocytes, and mucosal scrapings from the ileum and colon of newborn rats and then separated by SDS-PAGE on a 10% gel, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride, and probed by immunoblotting with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to TLR4. www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/23/24592   (6240 words)

Enteral nutrients alter enterocyte function within an in vitro model similar to an acute in vivo rat model during ... Enteral nutrients alter enterocyte function within an in vitro model similar to an acute in vivo rat model during hypoxia -- Kles et al. Enteral nutrients alter enterocyte function within an in vitro model similar to an acute in vivo rat model during hypoxia We hypothesized that hypoxic alterations of epithelial function in an in vitro model are comparable to those of an in vivo rat model. jpen.aspenjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/26/2/71   (305 words)

Research - Eric Sibley - Faculty Research Labs - Stanford University School of Medicine Several of the hydrolases responsible for enzymatic nutrient digestion including lactase, sucrase-isomaltase, and maltase are expressed by the enterocyte, a specialized small intestinal epithelial cell derived from the gut endoderm cell lineage. The same spatial control factors regulating lactase may be involved in restricting expression of other enterocyte proteins not only in the gut of mammals but other organisms as well. We are interested therefore in identifying conserved spatial cis regulatory elements in the genes of other nutrient hydrolases and enterocyte proteins and will extend our initial studies to examine conserved regulatory mechanisms. med.stanford.edu /labs/eric_sibley/research.html   (762 words)

SandersonIR   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18) The enterocyte genes that influence mucosal immune responses can be categorized into three groups: surface molecules, cytokines and growth factors. His laboratory is therefore able to study the steps in the signal transduction between nutrients and gene expression. IGF binding proteins exemplify the external influences on enterocyte gene expression. mghra.partners.org /narratives/SandersonIR.htm   (406 words)

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