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Topic: Enterotoxin

In the News (Fri 18 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

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Mickey Rourke

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Hugh Jackman

	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B \| CDC EID
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of at least 15 antigenically distinct enterotoxin proteins (3,4).
		Aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced pulmonary lesions in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin B as a nonimmunological mast cell stimulus in primates: the role of endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol10no9/04-0250.htm (3435 words)

	FDA/CFSAN BAM - Bacillus cereus Diarrheal Enterotoxin
		The reagents are supplied as lyophilized preparations of enterotoxins and their antisera.
		If concentration of enterotoxin in test material is excessive, formation of reference line will be inhibited; test material must then be diluted and retested.
		Test preparations (wells 2 and 4) are negative for enterotoxin but produce nonspecific lines of precipitation which intersect enterotoxin reference lines of precipitation.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~ebam/bam-15.html (1995 words)

	Enterotoxin Type B Literature ver.06/03
		Enterotoxin B is synthesized as a precursor protein of 266 amino acids.
		The active enterotoxin B is a single 239 amino acid chain of molecular weight 28,000 daltons and isoelectric point of 8.6.
		Enterotoxin B is a strong mitogen, inducing DNA and interferon synthesis in lymphocytes.
	www.listlabs.com /Literature/122.htm (447 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B : Article by Joanne Williams, MD, FAAEM
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is classified as an exotoxin, since it is excreted by an organism, in this case the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium.
		SEB is 1 of 7 enterotoxins produced by certain strains of the coagulase-positive S aureus bacteria.
		Papageorgiou AC, Tranter HS, Acharya KR: Crystal structure of microbial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B at 1.5 A resolution: implications for superantigen recognition by MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic888.htm (1979 words)

	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
		Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B as a Bioterrorist Agent Agent: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of several exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus...
		Chapter 12: Enterotoxin B Superantigen Interation with MHC Class II Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a superantigen that binds the membrane-distal, a 1 -domain of the a subunit of the human HLA-D....
		Staphylococcal enterotoxins belong to the recently characterized group of immunocytotropic bacterial superantigens that are potent mitogens for human T cells.
	www.health-nexus.com /staphylococcal_enterotoxin_b.htm (356 words)

	Chapter 19: Staphylococcus aureus
		Bennett, R.W. Urea renaturation and identification of staphylococcal enterotoxin.
		The detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, C, D, and E in food by radioimmunoassay, using staphylococcal cells containing protein A as immunosorbent.
		Thermal inactivation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in veronal buffer.
	seafood.ucdavis.edu /HACCP/Compendium/chapt19.htm (1861 words)

	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) consists of 239 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 28 kD.
		Many of the effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins are mediated by stimulation of T lymphocytes of the host's own immune system.
		Agent: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of several exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus.
	www.aret.asso.fr /artoxinmts5.htm (951 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - Diagnosis of Infectious Diarrhea in Dogs and Cats: A Critical Appraisal
		perfringens endospores, and the immunodetection of enterotoxin in abnormal feces.
		perfringens enterotoxin in feces of dogs with and without diarrhea was recently assessed in 144 dogs, representing hospitalized dogs with (n=41) or without (n=50) diarrhea, and clinically normal dogs treated as outpatients (n=53).
		perfringens in human fecal specimens is within reference range in 69% of enterotoxin positive patients, which indicates that a high number of endospores is not useful in determining cause of diarrhea.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00126.htm (1979 words)

	AASV News archive - Importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in diarrheal disease and septicemia in gnotobiotic piglets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in diarrheal disease and septicemia in gnotobiotic piglets
		However, the individual role of individual enterotoxins in the pathogenesis of severe diarrhea and post-diarrheal septicemia is unclear.
		Relative importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in the causation of severe diarrheal disease in the gnotobiotic piglet model by a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that produces multiple enterotoxins.
	www.aasp.org /news/story.php?id=1385 (532 words)

	* Enterotoxin - (Disease): Definition
		STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of the best-studied and, therefore, best-understood toxins.
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin is one of the most common causes of food poisoning...
		Two toxins may be produced by this group, the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) that can produce enteritis in infants, and a heat stable enterotoxin (ST), the action of which has yet to be determined.
	en.mimi.hu /disease/enterotoxin.html (69 words)

	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Such toxins are referred to as exotoxins since they are excreted from the organism; however, they normally exert their effects on the intestines and thereby are called enterotoxins.
		SEB is one of the pyrogenic toxins that commonly causes food poisoning in humans after the toxin is produced in improperly handled foodstuffs and subsequently ingested.
		Many of the effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins are mediated by interactions with the host’s own immune system.
	www.nbc-med.org /SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/FieldManuals/medman/Staphylo.htm (1248 words)

	Carbohydrate food products resistant to Clostridium botulinum and the formation of enterotoxin - Patent 4401683
		A carbohydrate baby food, that is resistant to the outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum and the formation of enterotoxin, containing an amount of a compound, selected from the group consisting of hypophosphorous acid and its nontoxic water-soluble salts, effective to inhibit growth of Clostridium botulinum and formation of enterotoxin in said baby food.
		Honey, that is resistant to outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum and the formation of enterotoxin, containing an amount of a compound, selected from the group consisting of hypophosphorous acid and its nontoxic water-soluble salts, effective to inhibit growth of Clostridium botulinum and formation of enterotoxin in said honey.
		A corn syrup, that is resistant to the outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum and the formation of enterotoxin, containing an amount of a compound, selected from the group consisting of hypophosphorous acid and its nontoxic water-soluble salts, effective to inhibit growth of Clostridium botulinum and formation of enterotoxin in said corn syrup.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4401683.html (1625 words)

	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is not generally regarded as lethal.
		There are 10 known forms of Staphylococcal enterotoxin of which SEB is the most suitable for weapons use.
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is a relatively robust protein that is easily aerosolized and that is stable in aerosol form.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Biological/Toxins/SEB.html (511 words)

	Amperometric Detection of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin by Redox Diacetylic Vesicles on a Sol-Gel Thin Film ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		[Abstract] Supramolecular assemblies (bilayer vesicles) prepared from ferrocenic diacetylene lipid and the cell surface receptor ganglioside GM1 are utilized to construct an amperometric biosensor for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin on a sol-gel thin-film electrode.
		The bilayer vesicles adsorbed on the sol-gel film provide an open platform for molecular recognition, while the electrochemical communication between the incorporated redox lipids and the electrode is influenced by the binding of the toxin.
		A mechanism of lateral electron transport of redox lipids controlled by biomolecular recognition is proposed.
	stevens.scripps.edu /publications/71.htm (172 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus
		The enterotoxin genes are found on prophage, plasmids, and pathogenicity islands in different strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
		Expression of the enterotoxin genes is often under the control of global virulence gene regulatory systems.
		Although much progress has been made recently in defining enterotoxin structure and superantigenicity properties, much remains to be learned regarding the binding of enterotoxins to receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and how toxin production leads to the symptoms associated with staphylococcal food poisoning.
	www.horizonpress.com /gateway/foodborne-staphylococcus-aureus.html (188 words)

	AB5 bacterial toxin project - Publications
		Crystal structure of a non-toxic mutant of heat-labile enterotoxin, which is a potent mucosal adjuvant.
		Role of GM1 binding in the mucosal immunogenicity and adjuvant activity of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and its B subunit.
		Mutational analysis of the role of ADP-ribosylation activity and GM1-binding activity in the adjuvant properties of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin towards intranasally administered keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
	www.bmsc.washington.edu /projects/toxins_refs.html (1265 words)

	Immune suppressing enterotoxin to be developed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An enterotoxin that can suppress or prevent immune disease has been identified by Dr Neil Williams (department of pathology and microbiology, University of Bristol).
		By binding to cell-surface glycosphingolipid receptors on a variety of immune cells, the non-toxic subunit of a cholera-like enterotoxin modulates the activation and survival of the cell.
		Presenting the results at the joint congress of the British Society for Immunology and British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Harrogate on November 30, Dr Williams said that the development could provide a cure for rheumatoid arthritis by "switching off" the immune response and thereby preventing joint damage.
	www.pharmj.com /Editorial/19991204/clinical/enterotoxin.html (148 words)

	- Vol 26 No 4, December 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The following incident resulted in the first detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin in food in a Queensland outbreak and is the first reported outbreak of staphylococcal foodborne illness in Queensland since 1997 when 42 people in a Bundaberg nursing home became ill and subsequent faecal testing of a complainant isolated staphylococcal enterotoxin.
		Staphylococcal enterotoxin was detected in faecal and vomitus samples.
		Further enterotoxin testing of individual food items indicated that the chicken was the most likely source of contamination.
	www.health.gov.au /internet/wcms/Publishing.nsf/Content/cda-pubs-cdi-2002-cdi2604-htm-cdi2604l.htm (706 words)

	A novel ELISA format for the rapid and sensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Detection kits for staphylococcal enterotoxins are commercially available and the assays can require from one and a half to twenty-four hours to complete with detection limits ranging from 0.5 to 2 ng enterotoxin per gram of food.
		We have successfully demonstrated a microsphere-packed capillary (MPC) ELISA for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and have compared it to two commercially available kits.
		In addition, the novel MPC assay was completed in less than ten minutes, as compared to three and twenty-four hours for the two commercially available kits.
	www.sproutnet.com /Research/a_novel_elisa_format_for_the_rap.htm (187 words)

	Predominant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea Is Clinically Relevant and Produces ...
		Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the type E staphylococcal enterotoxin gene.
		The experimental induction of the disease with Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin.
		Enterotoxin produced by micrococci from cases of enteritis after antibiotic therapy.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/37/12/4012 (4719 words)

	Thèse : Helen Lamprell
		The human A biotype was rarely encountered (<3%) and 6% were capable of producing enterotoxins in vitro.
		Moreover, SED producing strains were shown to be typeable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and presented a different genetic fingerprint from the other enterotoxin producing isolates.
		No enterotoxins were found in the Cantal and Tomme de Savoie cheeses.
	www.inra.fr /theses/resumes/lamprell.html (897 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		We examined 40 strains for the presence of four enterotoxins, after selecting a subset that included all strains from each region, except for the largest sample, from which 10 were randomly selected.
		Among these two presented enterotoxin B, and growth in human colostrum and trypicase soy broth.
		UFC/ml and enterotoxin was released into culture medium and colostrum.
	www.bioline.org.br /abstract?oc00003 (183 words)

	Enterotoxin B Staphylococcus Aureus antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		Enterotoxin B Staphylococcus Aureus antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		Reactivity: Clones S222 and S643 are not cross-reacting with St.aureus enterotoxins A, C, D and E. Mouse isotype: IgG1 both clones
		Although the amount of sodium azide is very small appropriate care must be taken when handling this product.
	www.researchd.com /viralab/trk2s4.htm (216 words)

	enterotoxin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		enterotoxin A bacterial protein that, following release into the intestine, causes cramps, diarrhoea and nausea.
		So far, he and his colleagues have developed systems for monitoring the bacterium Escherichia coli and Staphylococcal enterotoxin Bâ”two causes of foodborne...
		Further enhancement of the antibody response resulted from the addition of EtxB, a form of Escherichia coli enterotoxin and the horses showed no adverse...
	www.biometnews.com /biotechnology/enterotoxin.html (150 words)

	Microbes and Microbial Toxins: Paradigms for Microbial-Mucosal Interactions: VIII. Pathological consequences of ...
		Pathological consequences of rotavirus infection and its enterotoxin -- Morris and Estes 281 (2): 303 -- AJP - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
		Pathological consequences of rotavirus infection and its enterotoxin
		NSP4 enterotoxin may also be involved in second-stage enteric nervous system (ENS)-mediated disease, but this has yet to be tested.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/2/G303 (4904 words)

	fig001nwb: The crystal structure of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The B subunit monomers are arranged into a doughnut-shaped pentameric ring (bottom) into which the A subunit is inserted (blue).
		(1995) Kinetics of acid-mediated disassembly of the B subunit pentamer of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.
		9 Williams, N.A., Hirst, T.R. and Nashar, T.O. (1999) Immune modulation by the cholera-like enterotoxins: from adjuvant to therapeutic.
	www.expertreviews.org /02005069h.htm (220 words)

	NEJM -- Nasal Vaccination, Escherichia coli Enterotoxin, and Bell's Palsy
		NEJM -- Nasal Vaccination, Escherichia coli Enterotoxin, and Bell's Palsy
		vaccine, heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin, one of the
		Apostolaki, M., Williams, N. Nasal Delivery of Antigen with the B Subunit of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Augments Antigen-Specific T-Cell Clonal Expansion and Differentiation.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/extract/350/9/860 (245 words)

	Ronald G. Labbe publications
		Dillon, M. and Labbe, R. Stimulation of growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens by its homologous enterotoxin.
		Labbe, R. and Duncan, C. Spore coat protein and enterotoxin synthesis in Clostridium perfringens.
		Labbe, R. and Duncan, C. Evidence for stable messenger ribonucleic acid during sporulation and enterotoxin synthesis by Clostridium perfringens Type A. Journal of Bacteriology, 129:843-849.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~rlabbe/RGLpubs.html (1339 words)

	Enterotoxin Staphylococcus aureus, Antibody
		Specificity of MoAb were established in indirect ELISA using standard staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C1, C2, D, E from Serva (Germany) at appropriate dilution of ascitic fluids.
		Percentage of cross-reactivity is shown in the attached table.
		At 0,1 M MoAb S5 inhibits enterotoxins induced stimulation of T-lymphocytes in vitro.
	www.hytest.fi /tuotteet18.php (193 words)

	New Jersey Firm Recalls Ham Product That May Contain Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin
		WASHINGTON, June 13, 2006 - Thumann's Inc., a Carlstadt, N.J., importing firm, is voluntarily recalling approximately 664 pounds of boneless proscuitto ham that may contain Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service announced today.
		Common symptoms of ingesting products with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramping.
		This is a situation where the use of the product will not cause adverse health consequences.
	www.fsis.usda.gov /News_&_Events/Recall_018_2006_Release/index.asp (312 words)

	Definition of enterotoxin - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "enterotoxin" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "enterotoxin" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "enterotoxin" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=enterotoxin (50 words)

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