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Topic: Entropy of fusion

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	Search Encyclopedia.com
		cold fusion cold fusion or low-temperature fusion, nuclear fusion of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen, at or relatively near room temperature.
		Fusion, the reaction involved in the release of the destructive energy of a hydrogen bomb, requires extremely high temperatures, and investigations of fusion as a possible energy source h...
		The design of nuclear fusion reactors, which are still in the experimental stage, differs considerably from that of fission reactors.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Entropy+of+fusion (519 words)

	Notes on Entropy & Gibbs Energy
		Entropy, unlike energy, need not be conserved--entropy increases when a natural process occurs.
		Molar entropies of gases & solutions depends on concentrations--due to change in positional disorder.
		Generally, the more atoms of a given type there are in a molecule, the greater the capacity of the molecule to take up energy and thus the greater the entropy.
	www.chem.vt.edu /RVGS/ACT/notes/Entropy.html (657 words)

	Cosmic Spirals
		Entropy was a definition he invented for a larger more comprehensive natural phenomenon than energy, a one way flow or asymmetry of least resistance that directs the flow of energy.
		Entropy, Clausius explained, was the natural relaxation of the universe, the unwinding expansion of the heavens that never ceases.
		Entropy was and is currently seen as an extension of statistical mechanics and as such is a measure of uniform randomness in a closed system.
	www.math.utah.edu /~heidi/spiral0.html (2651 words)

	welcome to entropysite.com
		In the October 2002 Journal I urged that entropy be presented as the quantity of dispersal of energy/T or by change in the number of microstates.
		Entropy is a function of energy and temperature, not of pattern.
		"Entropy is disorder" is an archaic, misleading definition of entropy dating from the late 19th century before knowledge of molecular behavior, of quantum mechanics and molecular energy levels, or of the Third Law of thermodynamics.
	www.entropysite.com (3825 words)

	Disorder — A Cracked Crutch For Supporting Entropy Discussions
		Entropy's nature is better taught by first describing its dependence on the dispersion of energy (in classic thermodynamics), and the distribution of energy among a large number of molecular motions, relatable to quantized states, microstates (in molecular thermodynamics).
		This is not the occasion for an extensive presentation of the use of energy dispersal in evaluating entropy change. These significant examples of the nature of entropy content of a substance and of the expansion of gases are indications of the utility of the concept in contrast to the verbalisms of order and disorder.
		Reference (26) is cited in a spirit of urging modernization in introducing entropy to students, not in the pejorative sense it was first used in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (ref no. 8 in 27).
	www.entropysite.com /cracked_crutch.html (1822 words)

	1. Entropy and Energy, at draaisma.net/rudi/entropy_energy_1.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As the original energy came from the low entropy source of the fusion reactor in the center of the Sun, we can see that the existence of biological life causes a much larger increase of entropy, than what would result from its absence (the Earth's global temperature would be higher).
		The entropy of the energy in the fuel has increased according to the decrease of energy density.
		The according small difference between the source-entropy and the entropy of the environment causes such a low overall efficiency, utterly in economical terms rather than technological ones, that wood is no longer viable as an energy source on a large scale.
	www.draaisma.net /rudi/entropy_energy_1.html (1353 words)

	Standard entropy change of fusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The standard entropy change of fusion is the increase in entropy when melting a substance.
		This is always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid to the disorganized structure of a liquid.
		A natural process such as a phase change will occur when the associated change in the Gibbs free energy is negative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Entropy_of_fusion (125 words)

	entropy - definition by dict.die.net
		The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure.
		The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum.
		A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling.
	dict.die.net /entropy (785 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fusion enthalpies are most frequently calculated from fusion entropies and the experimental melting temperature of the solid, Tfus.
		The estimation of the fusion entropy of n-butylbenzene is an example of an estimation of a typical aromatic hydrocarbon.
		Identification of the appropriate groups in Table I A results in an entropy of fusion of 66.3 J.mol-1.K-1 and together with the experimental melting point, an enthalpy of fusion of 12.3 kJ.mol-1 is estimated.
	www.umsl.edu /~jscumsl/chem469/PHCHEN5.doc (2457 words)

	Entropy of fusion -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The increase in ((thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for doing mechanical work) entropy when (The process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid) melting a substance is called the Entropy of fusion.
		A natural process such as a (A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition) phase change will occur when the associated change in the (Click link for more info and facts about Gibbs free energy) Gibbs free energy is negative.
		It follows that the entropy of fusion is related to the (The temperature below which a liquid turns into a solid) melting point and the (Heat absorbed by a unit mass of a solid at its melting point in order to convert the solid into a liquid at the same temperature) heat of fusion:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/En/Entropy_of_fusion.htm (206 words)

	AP2
		In one of these the entropy of fusion is relatively low, as in most metallic systems, giving rise to an interface which is rough on an atomic scale and hence to dendrites that are rounded.
		In the other, the entropy of fusion is higher, as in many non-metallic systems, leading to atomically smooth interfaces, a tendency for certain crystallographic planes to be preferentially exposed and hence the formation of dendrites with facets.
		The entropy of fusion is high because the Al is so dilute in the melt, an unusual situation for a primary metallic phase.) The structures observed with the salol are often a little less obviously dendritic than the camphene, since the facets tend to dominate the appearance.
	www.msm.cam.ac.uk /phase-trans/2000/practicals/AP2/AP2.html (1688 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		By the best standards it should have a fusion point higher than 1,600°C. The term fire clay is commonly held to exclude kaolin and other refractory potter's clays.
		In these processes a small amount of mass is converted to energy according to the relationship E = mc2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light (see relativity).
		Except for that of the sun, astronomers must draw their conclusions regarding stellar structure on the basis of light and other radiation from stars that are light-years away; this light enables them to observe only the stars' s...
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Entropy+of+fusion&rc=10&fh=21&fr=11 (593 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.62 (1993)
		The heat capacity, entropy, and heats of transition, fusion, and vaporization of dimethylacetylene.
		The heat capacity, entropy, and heats of fusion, and vaporization, and vapor pressure of fluorotrichloromethane.
		The heat capacity, entropy, heats of fusion, transition, and vaporization and vapor pressures of methyl mercaptan.
	books.nap.edu /books/030904782X/html/466.html (3668 words)

	What are you going to believe?
		Upon those planets, life is created from a cooler version of fusion fueled by heat and energy from the sun and held in by the gravity of the planet.
		There is still a randomizing entropy according to Daniel R. Brooks and E. Wiley book Evolution as Entropy (1988) that has an effect on fusion.
		When conditions are possible for fusion to take place, then the randomizing effects of entropy causes fusion to happen not in just one way, but in a variety of different ways.
	www.tierrasimbolica.com /apeiron-jun2001/entropy.htm (954 words)

	[No title]
		For HI the molar entropy of vaporization is 89.0 J/K mol and the molar enthalpy of vaporization is 21.16 kJ/mol.
		Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness.
		Entropy is a measure of the tendency of energy to become less concentrated.
	www.chem.purdue.edu /gchelp/116exams/thermo.html (3831 words)

	Second Law of Thermodynamics and evolution
		I have seen two responses from evolutionists regarding this tendency toward entropy in the universe (aside from "You're kidding!") The first is in regard to chemical changes which go from simple to complex, and the second to biological changes that go from simple to complex.
		Regarding thermonuclear fusion, any increase in complexity or order of the new elements is at the expense of a tremendous loss of heat and light which then diffuse, as per the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
		Atomic fusion, being specific, can be considered a matter of the design of the elements involved.
	www.carm.org /evo_questions/secondlaw.htm (587 words)

	The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Appendix)
		That's how a “(2)” kind of entropy change in which the initial energy becomes ‘spread out' but not increased or decreased can be measured in terms of q.
		Entropy increase is this kind of expansion that is fundamentally due to the spreading out of molecular motional energy.
		There is only one kind of entropy change, a change in the number of accessible microstates, in any one of which the energy of a system might be at any instant.
	www.secondlaw.com /appendix.html (1774 words)

	Information entropy
		Entropy of a -as-a-function-of-success-probability.html" title="Bernoulli trial as a function of success probability">Bernoulli trial as a function of success probability
		Entropy is a concept in thermodynamics (see thermodynamic entropy), statistical mechanics and information theory.
		The concepts of information and entropy have deep links with one another, although it took many years for the development of the theories of statistical mechanics and information theory to make this apparent.
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/information-entropy.html (90 words)

	Spontaneous Reactions And Entropy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The equation is sufficant to solve simple problems of entropy, although if, for example, an ideal gas at a constant temperature begins to expand isothermally, the energy within the gas would be said to be equal to the sum of all the kinetics energies of all the molecules within the gas.
		Using the general definition of entropy, the entropy of the surroundings which is in contact with the system at temperature T is:
		This shows that the change in entropy of the surroundings is exactly the opposite to the entropy of the system, implying the total entropy change to equal zero.
	www.chem.shef.ac.uk /chm131-2002/cha02jsh/entropy.html (768 words)

	Entropy
		The entropy is a measure of the probability of a particular result.
		The entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system.
		If we do the fusion on the Earth, which is still technologically not feasible, we are treating the Earth as closed.
	www.upscale.utoronto.ca /GeneralInterest/Harrison/Entropy/Entropy.html (3423 words)

	Entropy of Mixing, What Does Entropy Measure?
		Equation 8 is the same form that we will find when we derive an expression for the entropy of mixing ideal solutions and it is the same form that Shannon found for the "entropy of a message" in his famous series of papers on information theory.
		For example, the entropy of fusion of 1.00 mol of ice at 273.15 (heat of fusion is 6.008 kJ/mol) is
		It is interesting that the entropy of vaporization of many substances at their boiling points is close to about 86 J/K. (Water and helium are exceptions.) This phenomenon is called "Trouton's rule." It is easily understood on the basis of entropy being a measure of disorder.
	www.chem.arizona.edu /~salzmanr/480a/480ants/mixing/mixing.html (808 words)

	Journal of Materials Research 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Data on growth velocity (v), obtained by measuring the rate of movement of the interface at different undercoatings (?T), suggest that they obey the Hillig-Turnbull equation, i.e., v = u (?T)n, where u and n are constants depending on the nature of materials involved.
		From the heat of fusion values, determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, heat of mixing, entropy of fusion, roughness parameter, interfacial energy, radius of the critical nucleus, and the excess thermodynamic functions were calculated.
		While the x-ray diffraction data show that the eutectics are not mechanical mixtures of the components under investigation, the microstructural investigations give their characteristic features.
	www.mrs.org /publications/jmr/jmra/1999/apr/023.html (150 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Glossary:
		) heat of fusion; molar heat of fusion; molar enthalpy of fusion.
		Enthalpies of fusion are always positive because melting involves overcoming some of the intermolecular attractions in the solid.
		For example, when water evaporates, the internal energy of the water is dispersed with the water vapor produced, corresponding to an increase in entropy.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/glossary/e.shtml (1830 words)

	Chapter 12 Polymer Structure and Physical Properties
		It is not surprising therefore that the flexibility of polymer chains is an important factor in determining their melting points.
		C), which is much higher than polyethylene because of it low entropy of fusion, which is results from the high stiffness of the polymer chains.
		C) is attributed to low entropy of fusion arising from stiffening to the chain in the melt because of the higher energy barrier for rotation about C-C bonds than in polyethylene.
	www.chem.latech.edu /~hji/polymer/16pct14/16pct14.htm (529 words)

	Chem 115 Objectives for Chapter 17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The key variables are the Gibbs free energy, the entropy, and the enthalpy.
		Know how to calculate the change in entropy when heat is supplied under reversible conditions at a given temperature.
		Be able to explain the difference between entropy changes in the system and in the surroundings.
	www.chem.uwec.edu /king/teaching-chem-115-obj-17.html (300 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Implications for domain fusion protein-protein interactions based on structural information
		This phenomenon is the basis for the domain fusion analysis, which can be used to predict protein interactions in cases where the fused domain pair is found independently across separate protein chains [11,12].
		The basis for domain fusion (or gene fusion) is the observation that certain proteins (termed the Rosetta stones) in a given species are found to consist of a fusion between two separate proteins in another species.
		Through fusion, the entropy of dissociation between the two proteins is reduced, and it is hypothesized that in all likelihood, these two separate proteins share a functional association, if not a physical interaction [11,12].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/5/161 (4118 words)

	Entropy of fusion - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Entropy of fusion - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The increase in entropy when melting a substance is called the Entropy of fusion.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Entropy of fusion contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Entropy_of_fusion (152 words)

	Physics Help and Math Help - Physics Forums - information
		Baez,\nandgt;\nandgt;I found these 2 values for standard entropy of water in my tables: 70.0\nandgt;J/mol.K for liquid and 188.7J/mol.K for gas phase (at 25C).\nandgt;\nandgt;Also deltaH of melting water is 6.0 kJ/mol.\nandgt;\nandgt;Standard entropy is entropic effect of making 1 mol of water from\nandgt;elements at 25C and 101325 Pa.\nandgt;\nNo.
		The standard entropy is not the entropy of formation, but the\n"absolute" entropy based on the third law.
		Enthalpies and free energies are\ntabulated as quantities of formation, but entropy is tabulated using\nthird law entropies.
	www.physicsforums.com /printthread.php?t=59368 (4508 words)

	Entropy Of Fusion Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Entropy_of_fusion (330 words)

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