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Topic: Enuresis

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	Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
		Urinary incontinence (enuresis) is a medical name for bedwetting, or the accidental urination in children who should be developmentally able to have control of their bladders.
		The diagnosis of enuresis is for girls over the age of 5 and for boys over the age of 6 that are still having urinary control problems.
		Enuresis at night without daytime symptoms occurs in up to 20 percent of children at the age of five.
	www.lpch.org /DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/growth/enuresis.html (542 words)

	Dr. Koop - Enuresis- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Enuresis (bedwetting) is the involuntary discharge of urine during sleep.
		Nevertheless, nocturnal enuresis is present in about 15 to 20 percent of otherwise healthy 5-year-old children, 7 percent of healthy 7-year-olds, 5 percent of healthy 10-year-olds, 2 to 3 percent of 12 to 14-year-olds and 1 to 2 percent of normal children at age 15.
		Enuresis is the involuntary voiding of urine at least twice a month in a child age five or older.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/93/770.html (1093 words)

	Nocturnal Enuresis
		Nocturnal enuresis (NE), the involuntary passing of urine during sleep after the age at which bladder control would normally be anticipated, is a widespread and potentially disabling disorder for children.
		The onset of secondary enuresis may be brought about by an emotional or psychological disturbance, for example, divorce, death in the family, illness, emotional or physical trauma, or the birth of a new sibling.
		Zaleski, A., Gerrard, J.W., and Shokeir, M.H.K. Nocturnal enuresis: The importance of a small-capacity bladder.
	www.duj.com /Johnson.html (8821 words)

	Bedwetting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bedwetting (or enuresis or '"sleepwetting"') is involuntary urination while asleep.
		It is the normal state of affairs in infancy, but can be a source of embarrassment when it persists into school age or the teen years.
		Primary enuresis is when the child has never been dry at night or would not sleep dry without being taken to the toilet by another person or has some dry nights but continues to average at least two wet nights a week with no long periods of dryness.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enuresis (760 words)

	AboutOurKids.org \| About Enuresis (bedwetting)
		Enuresis refers to urination in clothing or bed beyond the age when children are expected to be toilet trained, in the absence of medical pathology.
		A sub-category of secondary enuresis is transient, or temporary, enuresis, which may be brought on by trauma or stress, such as a divorce in the family, and may last anywhere from a couple of weeks to several months.
		Diurnal enuresis is sometimes due to a reluctance to use the toilet because of social anxiety or a preoccupation with school or play activity.
	www.aboutourkids.org /aboutour/articles/about_enuresis.html (1849 words)

	Bed-wetting: An Overview of Nocturnal Enuresis
		Nocturnal enuresis is defined as involuntary urination at night, two or three times a week, in a 5 or 6 year old child - or at least once a week in an older child.
		Nocturnal enuresis is generally considered a benign (non-health-threatening) condition that usually resolves itself on its own, though it may in some cases take years to disappear completely.
		However, while enuresis may be superficially perceived as a minor problem, it sometimes leads to serious psychological and social consequences for the child when it's dealt with improperly.
	www.drpaul.com /illnesses/ne-overview.html (852 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Enuresis (Bedwetting, Bladder Incontinence, Loss of Bladder Control, Uncontrollable Urination)
		Enuresis is the intentional or involuntary voiding of urine into clothes or other inappropriate places by a child who is at least 5 years old.
		A link between enuresis and a sleep disorder may be involved, but there is no clear proof of this.
		Some cases of enuresis are related to toilet training that was begun too early or was very forcible.
	www.healthopedia.com /enuresis (435 words)

	Bedwetting (Enuresis)
		Urinary incontinence (enuresis) is a medical name for bedwetting, or the accidental urination in children who should be developmentally able to have control of their bladders.
		The diagnosis of enuresis is for girls over the age offive and for boys over the age ofsix that are still having urinary control problems.
		Enuresis is a common problem that usually goes away on its own at a rate of 15 percent of children affected a year after the age of five.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /UVAHealth/adult_pediatrics/bedwetting.cfm (481 words)

	Vol 14 #2 - Treatment Of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis With Hand Therapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled ...
		Recent reports on the efficacy of acupuncture in enuresis have been encouraging, with response rates between 40% and 86% after 6 months to 1 year of treatment, low relapse rates, and minimal adverse effects.15-17 However, the validity of these data is limited by the lack of double-blind, placebo-controlled study design.
		All children met the diagnostic criteria of primary nocturnal enuresis described earlier, were at least 5-years-old, and reported experiencing nocturnal enuresis an average of at least 3 nights each week.
		None of the children's enuresis was thought to be secondary to medical or surgical causes on the basis of their histories, physical examinations, and any laboratory investigations.
	www.medicalacupuncture.org /aama_marf/journal/vol14_2/article5.html (2210 words)

	Enuresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Enuresis, commonly called "bedwetting," is defined as the intentional or involuntary passage of urine into bed or clothes by children aged 4 years or older who do not have any physical abnormality.
		This would include an investigation of any abnormalities in the urinary tract (e.g., a bladder that is unable to carry a full amount of urine), any abnormalities in hormone secretion, some abnormal sleep patterns, the fact that it may run in the individuals family, and also, any overall delays in the development of the child.
		Although the size of the bladder and the level of sleep of the patient may or may not be related to enuresis, it does seem that enuresis may be inherited.
	www.lakeside.ca /Patient_Info/enuresis.htm (1211 words)

	Children Need Chiropractic Too
		Bed-wetting (enuresis) is another of the many reasons why parents bring their children to see the chiropractor.
		Enuresis refers to the inability of a child to establish this proper bladder control resulting in either daytime or nocturnal involuntary urination.
		Secondary enuresis is the diagnosis for the child who has been able to establish proper bladder control, but who has since lapsed back to wetting the bed.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/11/16/19.html (674 words)

	Psychology Today's Diagnosis Dictionary: Enuresis
		Enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine by a child age 5 and over.
		Enuresis places a child at risk of being a target for name-calling and teasing from peers, behavior that can damage a child's self esteem and place him or her at risk of rejection.
		The amount of impairment associated with enuresis is a function of the limitation on the child's social activities (for example, ineligibility for sleep-away camp) or its effect on the child's self-esteem, the degree of the social ostracism by peers, and the anger, punishment, and rejection by caregivers.
	www.psychologytoday.com /conditions/enuresis.html (1077 words)

	Enuresis Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In cases of secondary enuresis, the child often has no physical problems impairing bladder control, but may be reacting to some emotional or psychological issues.
		On occasion, enuresis turns out to be the result of a serious medical condition that causes increased urinary output, such as diabetes mellitus or sickle cell anemia.
		Even normal developmental changes in the family or the child's situation may result in a period of secondary enuresis, such as the bedwetting associated with the birth of a younger sibling or a child's entry to kindergarten.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0002/ai_2602000227 (1007 words)

	Enuresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Primary nocturnal enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine at night by children old enough to be expected to have bladder control.
		Enuresis should be treated in cases where it poses a significant problem for the child.
		Enuresis that persists beyond the age of eight to 10 years may be associated with a poor self-concept or other psychological problems (6,7).
	www.cps.ca /english/statements/CP/cp97-01.htm (2051 words)

	Enuresis Clinic - Bedwetting - Alternative Complementary Medicine
		What is referred to as, ‘primary nocturnal enuresis’ (in which children wet the bed at night never having been dry) and ‘secondary nocturnal enuresis’ (which occurs after a child has attained dryness but for some reason, often emotional, starts to wet the bed again).
		Secondary enuresis needs to be treated by identification of the underlying cause which could be due to an emotional upset such as stress from school, bullying, following a frightening experience or it could be physical such as an infection.
		Enuresis is a complex problem and we are not really sure why it occurs or why some children grow out of it and some do not.
	www.enuresis-clinic.co.uk (1031 words)

	Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Urinary incontinence (also called enuresis) is a medical name for accidental urination in children who should be developmentally able to have control of their bladders.
		Primary enuresis is the most common form of urinary incontinence among children.
		Enuresis is very common among 5-year-olds; it usually goes away on its own at a rate of 15 percent of children affected a year after age 5.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-9177 (454 words)

	UrologyHealth.org - Pediatric Conditions - Bladder - Enuresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While some cases of secondary enuresis can be linked to a recent trauma or stress, their evaluation, treatment and response are generally no different than those with primary enuresis.
		It should be emphasized that the cause of all forms of enuresis is almost never due to laziness or deliberate willfulness by the child.
		Structural or anatomical problems: In most cases when enuresis is associated with an anatomic abnormality, there will either be a history of urinary tract infection or a history of persistent, continuous day and nighttime urinary incontinence.
	www.urologyhealth.org /pediatric/index.cfm?cat=03&topic=91 (3258 words)

	Enuresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Secondary enuresis: the return of the involuntary loss of urinary control after an extended period of urinary continence.
		Nocturnal enuresis and daytime wetting; a multicentric trial with oxybutynin and desmopressin.
		A follow-up of enuresis from childhood to adolescence.
	www.5mcc.com /Assets/SUMMARY/TP0305.html (414 words)

	Enuresis
		It is the inability to maintain urinary control during sleep.
		Primary enuresis refers to inability to maintain urinary control from infancy.
		To be considered sleep enuresis, there has to be at least two episodes per month in children 3 to 6 years and at least one episode per month for older individuals.
	www.stanford.edu /~dement/enuresis.html (236 words)

	Enuresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A higher incidence of nocturnal enuresis is seen in patients with sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis, although no cause has been found.
		Studies of children with monosymptomatic enuresis without infection have found that there are no urodynamic abnormalities of bladder or sphincter during the day or night.
		The cause of classic nocturnal enuresis is unknown; a single cause can’t be identified and it may be mulitfactorial.
	home.coqui.net /myrna/enu.htm (2138 words)

	Evidence based paediatrics: Evidence based management of nocturnal enuresis -- Evans 323 (7322): 1167 -- BMJ
		Enuresis alarms are effective and safe treatment but require several months of continuous use and are therefore unsuitable for some families
		Nocturnal enuresis is the most frequent cause; it is recognised by the
		Enuresis alarms, which wake the child in the night at the onset of wetting, are a form of conditioning that may require several
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/323/7322/1167 (1594 words)

	Enuresis Alarms
		Enuresis describes the involuntary discharge of urine beyond the age when a child is old enough to be able to control urination.
		Primary nocturnal enuresis is a lack of total bladder control during sleep; and secondary nocturnal enuresis is the loss of bladder control that happens after a child (or adult) has been dry at night for a long period of time (usually defined as three to six months).
		Some physicians feel that children who have nocturnal enuresis (NE) might have small bladders or be such deep sleepers that the urge to urinate does not wake them.
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Enuresis_Alarms.htm (688 words)

	Bedwetting - Nocturnal Enuresis in Children - UrologyChannel
		Nocturnal enuresis is common and usually does not require treatment in children of preschool age who have achieved continence during the day.
		Secondary nocturnal enuresis may be caused by psychological issues (e.g., death in the family, sexual abuse, extreme bullying) and is often associated with stress.
		It is important to manage nocturnal enuresis in a way that reduces the child's embarrassment and the anxiety within the family.
	www.urologychannel.com /pediatric/enuresis.shtml (1437 words)

	Mental Health: Enuresis
		Enuresis also appears to run in families, which suggests that a tendency for the disorder may be inherited (passed on from parent to child).
		Children with enuresis are often described as heavy sleepers who fail to awaken at the urinary urge to void or when their bladders are full.
		Enuresis also may be associated with certain medicines that can cause confusion or changes in behavior as a side effect.
	www.webmd.com /mental-health/enuresis (503 words)

	Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis)
		Nocturnal enuresis is involuntary urination that occurs at night.
		If a person has primary nocturnal enuresis, that person has wet the bed since he or she was a baby.
		In a person with normal bladder control, nerves in the bladder wall send a message to the brain when the bladder is full; the brain then sends a message back to the bladder to keep it from automatically emptying until the person is ready to go to the bathroom.
	www.kidshealth.org /teen/diseases_conditions/urinary/enuresis.html (572 words)

	Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis)
		Nocturnal enuresis is involuntary urination that occurs at night.
		If a person has primary nocturnal enuresis, that person has wet the bed since he or she was a baby.
		In a person with normal bladder control, nerves in the bladder wall send a message to the brain when the bladder is full; the brain then sends a message back to the bladder to keep it from automatically emptying until the person is ready to go to the bathroom.
	kidshealth.org /teen/diseases_conditions/urinary/enuresis.html (572 words)

	Survey to study Nocturnal Enuresis and ADHD/ADD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of this study was to discover whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, gender, familial prevalence, or socioeconomic status (measured only by means of the level of education acquired) were associated with nocturnal enuresis.
		Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis within the respondents, the preceived experiences at home and in school, self-esteem levels, and interventions used for participants who experienced primary nocturnal enuresis were also considered.
		The presence of nocturnal enuresis among participants' parents revealed a significant difference in the presence of nocturnal enuresis within the participants, (Fisher's Exact Test) p =.000.
	www.smcm.edu /academics/psyc/DBSMP (307 words)

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