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Topic: Environment, choice, and sexual orientation

Related Topics

Sexual orientation

Causes of sexual orientation

Demographics of sexual orientation

Genetics and sexual orientation

Human sexual behavior

Prevalence of homosexuality

Asexuality

Sexual fantasies

Homosexuality

Kinsey scale

Societal attitudes towards homosexuality

Paraphilia

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	Answers to Your Questions About Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality
		Sexual orientation exists along a continuum that ranges from exclusive homosexuality to exclusive heterosexuality and includes various forms of bisexuality.
		Sexual orientation is different from sexual behavior because it refers to feelings and self-concept.
		It is also important to realize that a parent's sexual orientation does not dictate his or her children's.
	www.apa.org /topics/orientation.html (1591 words)

	The Only Question That Matters: Do People Choose Their Sexual Orientation?
		Several decades ago, those with the minority orientation were frequently forced to behave as if they had the majority orientation— but internally the orientation remained the same and as social pressures have lifted, people with the minority orientation have been able to openly express it.
		But—surprise—with sexual orientation, both twins share the trait homosexuality more often than they do left-handedness—yet no one would claim this is evidence that left-handedness is a "chosen alternative lifestyle" because left-handedness isn't seen as a moral issue—any more.
		Behavior isn't sexual orientation, and the difference between behavior and orientation is as obvious as lying: When you tell a lie, you know perfectly well what the truth is inside; if you felt you were able to tell the truth you'd behave differently and say different things.
	www.logcabin.org /lef/choice_white_paper.html (2537 words)

	Reparative therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Advocates claim that sexual orientation is changeable and that homosexuality is itself either a psychological disorder, a sin, a tendency toward immoral and harmful behaviours (to oneself and others), or make several of these assertions.
		The general scientific consensus has been that sexual orientation is unchangeable in adults, though this consensus and the cause for that immutability are disputed by reparative therapy advocates.
		Some Opponents agree that sexual orientation is changeable but argue that, despite this, there is no, or no great, moral imperative to try to do so or that doing so would not substantially improve the well-being of the subject and, for this reason, consider reparative therapies to be useless.
	reparative-therapy.mindbit.com (2843 words)

	Demographics of sexual orientation (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-2.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The manifestation of sexual orientation is subject to a considerable variability.
		Still other people use varied terms to describe their sexual orientations, including: fluid (especially when they don't want to restrict their sexual orientation with a more-specific label), homoflexible (for people who consider themselves predominantly homosexual but occasionally open to opposite-sex attraction), heteroflex...
		Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers (especially in Queer studies) have argued that sexual orientation is a completely historical and social construction.
	www.experiencefestival.com.cob-web.org:8888 /demographics_of_sexual_orientation/page/2 (1049 words)

	Sexual Orientation & Identity
		Sexual orientation is one's erotic, romantic, and affectional attraction to the same gender (sex), to the opposite gender (sex), or both.
		Sexual identity is an inner-sense of oneself as a sexual being, including how one identifies in terms of gender and sexual orientation.
		Sexual preference is a term once used to describe sexual orientation--bisexuality, homosexuality and heterosexuality--which is now outdated because sexual orientation is no longer commonly considered to be one's conscious individual preference or choice, but is instead thought to be formed by a complicated network of social, cultural, biological, economic, and political factors.
	www.ppct.org /facts/research/sexualidentity.shtml (1480 words)

	APA Help Center - Health & Emotional Wellness - "Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality"
		Sexual orientation is an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectional attraction toward others.
		Most scientists today agree that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors.
		Some states include violence against an individual on the basis of his or her sexual orientation as a "hate crime," and ten U.S. states have laws against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
	www.apahelpcenter.org /articles/article.php?id=31 (1530 words)

	Is There a Biological Basis for Sexual Orientation?
		Sexual interaction-oriented theories: sex segregation/heterosexual frustration theory (deals with fears of heterosexual activities and their bearing on sexual orientation); imprinting theory (suggests that an early sexual bonding with either parent will determine one's sexual orientation); sexual reinforcement theory (maintains there are reinforcing aspects of same-sex encounters that precede opposite-sex encounters).
		The belief that personal choice is not correlated with heredity but something a person does by dint of one's will; in other words, people "choose" their sexual orientation, and they are therefore responsible for this choice.
		Sexual orientation and attraction in women apparently vary more, and relatively more women than men are bisexual--men just seem more hardwired in their sexual orientation than women.[53] Moreover, detecting and measuring sexual orientation can be tricky.
	www.geocities.com /ninure/bio_link.html (7959 words)

	Homosexuality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sexuality, then, is seen as a participation in a larger social discourse, and, though in some sense fluid, not as something strictly determinable by the individual.
		However, Kinsey's idea of a sexuality continuum still enjoys acceptance today and is supported by findings in the human and animal kingdoms including biological studies of structural brain differences between those belonging to different sexual orientations.
		Sexual Inversion by Havelock Ellis, published in 1896 challenged theories that homosexuality was abnormal, as well as stereotypes, and insisted on the ubiquity of homosexuality and its association with intellectual and artistic achievement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Homosexualism (9645 words)

	Sexual Orientation
		Sexual Orientation: A person's erotic and emotional orientation toward members of his or her own gender or members of the other gender (J. Shibley Hyde and J. DeLaMater).
		The researchers cautioned that they had not found a particular gene linked to sexual orientation, just a general location of where the gene may be found.
		In Freud's view, a gay male or lesbian sexual orientation results from failure to successfully resolve the Oedipus complex by identifying with the parent of the same gender.
	staff.um.edu.mt /mbor7/orientation.htm (2437 words)

	Sexual Orientation - 7th Ed
		Sexual orientation in some ways is like handedness: Most people are one way, some the other.
		Laura Allen and Roger Gorski (1992) also concluded that brain anatomy influences sexual orientation after discovering that a section of the anterior commissure (the fibers that, like the corpus callosum, connect right and left hemispheres) is one-third larger in homosexual men than in heterosexual men.
		It does, however, raise the troubling possibility that genetic markers of sexual orientation could someday be identified through fetal testing, and a fetus could be aborted simply for being predisposed to an unwanted orientation.
	www.davidmyers.org /Brix?pageID=62 (3799 words)

	Reparative therapy - Susan's Place Transgender Wiki
		Most pro-therapy advocates believe that sexual orientation is changeable and that homosexuality is itself either a psychological disorder, a tendency toward immoral and harmful behaviors (to oneself and others), or both.
		Reparative therapy can be used to describe any formal attempt to alter a person's sexual orientation from homosexuality or bisexuality to heterosexuality, but is more typically used to refer to a specific, secular counselling technique which involves helping a gay or lesbian form an emotional, non-sexual bond with another adult of the same gender.
		The main controversy centers around whether or not sexual orientation is determined at birth and, hence, whether it is changeable or innate.
	wiki.susans.org /index.php/Reparative_therapy (2573 words)

	What causes sexual orientation?
		The rationale is that if a person is a gay or lesbian because of their genetic makeup, then their orientation is not a choice; it is something beyond of their control.
		The Roman Catholic church teaches that sexual orientation is beyond a person's control It is neither changeable nor chosen by the individual.
		This would seem to prove that for at least some adult homosexuals, their sexual orientation was pre-determined before birth, perhaps at conception; certainly by the end of the 4th month of pregnancy.
	www.religioustolerance.org /hom_caus4.htm (3152 words)

	Sexual Orientation: The Ethical Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The question of whether homosexuality is something a person is born with, or is due to factors such as upbringing and environment, is frequently debated worldwide, especially in countries (such as the United States) where same-sex marriage is a key political issue.
		In the United States however, only 37% of respondents feel that homosexuality is something a person is born with, while a similar percentage, 41%, think that upbringing and environment lead to a person to be attracted to others of the same sex.
		In the United States, a quarter (26%) of those who report that they attend church weekly believe that homosexuality is something a person is born with, whereas almost half (49%) who seldom or never attend church feel this way.
	ethics.acusd.edu /presentations/AppliedEthics/SexualOrientation/SexualOrientation_files/slide0004.html (911 words)

	neurodiversity.com \| 'therapeutic' attempts to influence gender orientation
		Reparative therapies assume that homosexuality is a mental disorder, and not a fixed sexual orientation, and should thus be repathologized as such.
		Even if no ample evidence supports such a claim (that sexual orientation is biologically determined), 'reparative' therapy on children should still be considered abuse and neglect because of its damaging effects.
		The psychological, medical and psychiatric establishments agree that sexual orientation cannot be changed, and that so-called 'reparative therapy'; aimed at altering gay peoples' orientations does not work and may, in fact, be harmful.
	www.neurodiversity.com /homosexuality.html (1667 words)

	Same-sex attraction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term homosexual is a clinical term that may be offensive when used as a noun to identify individuals who are trying to overcome same-sex attraction as well as those who embrace a gay identity.
		Whether or not sexual orientation (in the sense of an underlying same-sex, opposite-sex, dual-sex, or other spontaneous attraction) exists, and whether or not it can be changed is a matter of some controversy.
		See sexual orientation, environment, choice, and sexual orientation, ex-gay, and genetics and sexual orientation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Same-sex_attraction (390 words)

	Sexual Orientation and Adolescents -- Frankowski and and Committee on Adolescence 113 (6): 1827 -- Pediatrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sexual Orientation and Adolescents -- Frankowski and and Committee on Adolescence 113 (6): 1827 -- Pediatrics
		Sexual orientation is not synonymous with sexual activity or
		Sexual orientation and prevalence of body dissatisfaction and eating disordered behaviors: a population-based study of adolescents.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/113/6/1827 (2878 words)

	Heterosexual (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-2.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Along the tortuous road to complete independence from the United Kingdom in 1959 and subsequently from the Malaysian federation in 1965 came the drafting of the Constitution and the gradual repeal of colonial laws which discriminated on the basis of race, language and religion.
		Homosexuals, however, were dismayed by the glaring absence of any categorical statement outlawing discrimination due to sexual orientation.
		With the prosperity that prudent policies of promoting foreign multinational investment brought, while other regional countries were mired in the inefficiencies of import substitution and socialist economics, those homosexuals, especially the English-educated who could afford air travel were exposed to the liberalism of the West and the nascent gay movements there.
	www.experiencefestival.com.cob-web.org:8888 /heterosexual/page/3 (1265 words)

	The Biology of Sexual Orientation
		Biological theories of sexual orientation commonly, though not always, include the idea that sexual orientation is embedded within a larger constellation of gendered traits, and that biological factors influence multiple gendered traits simultaneously.
		Given the evidence that sexual orientation is indeed partly inherited, at least in men, the continued search for the responsible genes and their mechanism of action is certainly warranted.
		Attributing sexual orientation to prenatal hormone levels is not an ultimate explanation, because the question remains as to how those levels (or the brain’s response to them) come to be different in pre-gay and pre-straight fetuses.
	members.aol.com /slevay/page22.html (5582 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Womb environment 'makes men gay'
		A man's sexual orientation may be determined by conditions in the womb, according to a study.
		Previous research had revealed the more older brothers a boy has, the more likely he is to be gay, but the reason for this phenomenon was unknown.
		The amount of time the individual spent being raised with older brothers did not affect their sexual orientation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/5120004.stm (452 words)

	What causes sexual orientation?
		It is found in about ten percent of the population, a figure which is surprisingly constant across cultures, irrespective of the different moral values and standards of a particular culture.
		Six studies into the cause of sexual orientation, which studied on fingertip ridges, finger lengths, fraternal birth order, homosexuality in families, pedigree study, monozygotec (identical) twins.
		Is homosexuality permanent; is it a choice or fixed orientation
	www.religioustolerance.org /hom_caus.htm (364 words)

	Scoop Archives: Sexual Orientation
		SH4U, the Western Bay Sexual Health Coalition, is 100% behind the Bay Area AIDS Support Service (BAASS) and New Zealand Aids Foundation in highlighting the importance of remembering those who have died from AIDS.
		A record year for new HIV diagnoses is a warning that all New Zealanders must take responsibility for keeping themselves and their sexual partners safe, regardless of their gender or sexual identity, says the New Zealand AIDS Foundation.
		sexuality is both inescapably public as well as fundamentally private.
	www.scoop.co.nz /archive/scoop/index.html?k=184 (3619 words)

	News Briefs - NUN'S GROUP ENDORSES INDIVIDUAL CHOICE ON SEXUAL ETHICS; CATHOLICS OPEN NEW OFFICE TO EXPAND CONTACTS ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In a statement issued from its headquarters in Chicago, the 2,000-member organization affirmed what it called "an ethic which does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation."
		In October 1986 the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith directed the U. Catholic bishops to take a more militant stand against what it called the "intrinsic moral evil" of homosexuality while acknowledging the need for church ministries to homosexuals.
		It has been established to follow through on Pope John Paul II's initiative in calling an Interfaith Day of Prayer for Peace last year in Assisi, Italy.
	www.sspx.ca /Angelus/1987_October/News_Briefs.htm (422 words)

	Queer by Choice dot com
		Yet as you can see from the quote above, he clearly acknowledges that those of us who consider ourselves "queer by choice" are true radicals.
		Whether the idea of queerness as a radical choice is familiar to you or brand new, you've come to the right place to find out more about it.
		"Those [men] who pursued sexual relations exclusively with women [in 17th century Japan] were in a minority and were considered mildly eccentric for limiting their pleasureable options."
	www.queerbychoice.com (266 words)

	The Only Question that Matters: Do People Choose Their Sexual Orientation
		The Only Question that Matters: Do People Choose Their Sexual Orientation
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		6 Indicates that genetics play a significantly greater role in sexual orientation than in handedness.
	online.logcabin.org /talking_points/Burr_White_Paper.html (2570 words)

	Abstract for Sexual Orientation and Gender Identification Program
		Abstract for Sexual Orientation and Gender Identification Program
		- The issue of outing is a complicated one that includes definition, purpose, possible advantages and disadvantages, and personal choice
		- There are safety issues involving disclosing orientation including life decisions, job decisions, and possible physical danger
	www.dramaticsolutions.com /soAbstract.html (211 words)

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