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Topic: Environmental concerns with electricity generation

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	Environmental concerns with electricity generation Details, Meaning Environmental concerns with electricity generation ...
		When electricity is generated by producing heat, the coolant can often be reused, after all the electrical power has been extracted, to heat nearby buildings.
		Generally, the electrical power generated is not sufficient to pay back the cost at current electricity prices, so when government subsidies are not present, this method is rarely used.
		Since electrical power is extracted from the flow of heat, the excess heat must be dumped into either air or water; in either case, it may interfere with local ecosystems.
	www.e-paranoids.com /e/en/environmental_concerns_with_electricity_generation.html (1808 words)

	Nuclear power - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Electricity was generated for the first time by a nuclear reactor on December 20 1951 at the EBR-I experimental fast breeder station near Arco, Idaho, which initially produced about 100 kW.
		A general movement against nuclear power arose during the last third of the 20th Century, based on the fear of a possible nuclear accident and on fears of latent radiation, and on the opposition to nuclear waste production, transport and final storage.
		A number of other designs for nuclear power generation, the Generation IV reactors, are the subject of active research and may be used for practical power generation in the future.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Nuclear_power (9459 words)

	Electric Power Industry--Chapter 3
		generation is the amount of power produced by an electric power plant (station), measured at the terminals of the plant (that is, prior to the point at which the power leaves the station and is available to the system).
		Some of the electric power generated at a power plant is used to operate equipment at the plant; plant use (or "in-house use") generally ranges between 1 percent (for hydroelectric units) and 7 percent (for steam-electric units).
		Net generation is the power available to the system (gross generation less use at the plant); however, it is greater than that available to consumers due to losses during transmission and distribution (approximately 8 to 9 percent).
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/electricity/page/prim2/chapter3.html (1185 words)

	Executive summary: Power politics
		Electricity reforms are driven by economic and financial concerns, and by donor conditionalities.
		Social and environmental concerns were matters to be grafted onto reforms at a later stage.
		Yet exclusive reforms of the electricity sector have not incorporated the breadth of interests that deserve a voice and have not yet shown themselves to be sustainable -financially, socially, or environmentally.
	pubs.wri.org /pubs_content_print.cfm?ContentID=1596 (3532 words)

	Electricity and Water use
		Environmental concerns surrounding water use center around any chemical or physical alteration of the water body and any impacts these changes may have on the plants, fish and animals who reside in the ecosystem.
		Studies of the environmental consequences of this phenomenal water demand indicates that Salem is responsible for an annual 11 percent reduction in weakfish and 31 percent reduction in bay anchovy.
		By re-directing their electricity dollars to support environmentally benign energy resources, consumers are empowered, in states that offer supply choice, to influence the existing generating resources that are deployed to meet demand.
	www.powerscorecard.org /issue_detail.cfm?issue_id=5 (1209 words)

	Cayman Net News: Environmental concerns with electricity generation
		In order to maintain a reliable supply of electricity to consumers, it is necessary to control the energy generated, increasing and decreasing it according to demand.
		This however may reintroduce environmental issues with conventional electricity generation methods, somewhat curtailing the effectiveness of wind power as an environmentally friendly means of producing electricity.
		An alternative to compensating for the lulls in wind generation, is to effectively store the energy generated during high winds and then utilise it as required.
	www.caymannetnews.com /cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000068/006801.htm (709 words)

	NWCC Wind Energy Series No. 8
		If power generators could invest in a cheap, reliable power source that could avoid negative environmental impacts and availability or price risks, then many of their worries would be eliminated.
		States may require power generators to address the impacts of generation on air quality through a pollution cap or a requirement to bring existing plants in compliance with new environmental standards by a specific date, if they are to continue power production.
		As the electric industry moves toward more competition in providing generation, it may be desirable to change the methods and assumptions for planning additional investment in the transmission and distribution systems to accommodate generation options such as wind.
	www.nationalwind.org /publications/wes/wes08.htm (2786 words)

	Environmental design Summary
		Environmental design is a new approach in planning consumer products and industrial processes that are ecologically intelligent, sustainable, and healthy for both humans and our environment.
		Another recent addition to this general area might be "disability access" for all manner of construction projects.
		Examples of the environmental design process include use of roadway noise computer models in design of noise barriers and use of roadway air dispersion models in analyzing and designing urban highways.
	www.bookrags.com /Environmental_design (2141 words)

	Powering A Generation: Generating Electricity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Generators use the principle of electro-magnetic induction, which exploits the relation between magnetism and electricity.
		This spinning shaft is connected to the rotor of a generator, and the generator produces electricity.
		As the technology of electrical generation improves, and environmental concerns rise, the very concept of large centralized generating stations is coming into question.
	www.si.edu /harcourt/h_si/powering/generate/gnmain.htm (2329 words)

	Power politics: Equity and environment in electricity reform
		During the 1990s, the conventional wisdom about the electricity sector â”public ownership and integrated utilities â”was challenged by a new model of private ownership and unbundled utilities.
		Electricity sector reforms and the financial flows they attract have serious implications â”potentially both positive and negative â”for long-term sustainable development goals.
		Yet exclusive reforms of the electricity sector have not incorporated the breadth of interests that deserve a voice and have not yet shown themselves to be sustainable â”financially, socially, or environmentally.
	pubs.wri.org /pubs_summary.cfm?PubID=3159 (3584 words)

	The Real Environmental Crisis: CHAPTER ONE
		Under such conditions, it is hardly surprising that environmental concerns considered important to many in the affluent nations, such as global warming and ozone depletion, are far off the radar screens of people living in the world's poorest places.
		Today, burning coal for electricity generation need not produce high levels of air pollution if state-of-the-art technologies are used for cleaning ("scrubbing") the exhaust stacks of the generating plants, a practice common (and legally required for new plants) in the United States and many other industrial countries.
		The rural population not only is generally poor and uneducated, with little understanding of the health risks to which people may be exposed, but also is geographically very scattered and lacks influence with the environmental authorities.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9208/9208.ch01.html (3389 words)

	NS&T : Electricity : Benefits / Effects
		Nuclear generated electricity is unique in that it inherently addresses many of the short-comings of the other means for power generation.
		The environmental impact of mining is well know; however, the advantage of nuclear power comes from the amount of power that comes from a small amount of uranium.
		About 16% of electricity generated around the world comes from nuclear power, and in the last forty years of this production, not one single fatality has occurred as a result of the operation of a civilian nuclear power plant in the United States, Western Europe, Japan, or South Korea.
	www.aboutnuclear.org /view.cgi?fC=Electricity,Benefits_^_Effects (1339 words)

	EPA - Clean Energy - Electricity from Renewable Sources
		Air emissions associated with generating electricity from solar, geothermal, and wind technologies are negligible because no fuels are combusted in these processes.
		In general, crops grown for biomass fuel require fewer pesticides and fertilizers than crops grown for food, which means that less pesticide and fertilizer runoff will reach local streams and ponds than if food crops are grown.
		In general, wind is consistent and strong enough in the Great Plains states and mountain passes in the various mountain ranges throughout the United States to generate electricity using wind turbines.
	www.epa.gov /cleanenergy/renew.htm (2583 words)

	ipedia.com: Nuclear reactor Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		In the vast majority of the world's nuclear power plants, heat energy generated by fissioning uranium fuel is collected in purified water and is carried away from the reactor's core either as steam in boiling water reactors or as superheated water in pressurized-water reactors.
		In either a boiling-water or pressurized-water installation, steam under high pressure is the medium used to transfer the nuclear reactor's heat energy to a turbine that mechanically turns an electric generator.
		Another concern is that civilian nuclear technology could be used to create fissile materials for use in nuclear weapons.
	www.ipedia.com /nuclear_reactor.html (3454 words)

	Electricity Today Magazine Article -- SwePol Link Sets New Environmental Standard for HVDC Transmission
		They make it easier to optimize power generation in an area in which different countries use different means of power generation and have different power demand profiles over a 24-hour period.
		The environmental issues that were raised during planning of this link may also apply to future installations.
		The amount of chlorine gas generated depends on the temperature, the chloride content of the seawater and the reaction energies.
	www.electricity-today.com /et/issue0402/i04_swepol.htm (2612 words)

	Nuclear reactor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		In the vast majority of the world's power plants heat energy generated by fissioning fuel is collected in purified water and carried away from the reactor's core either steam in boiling water reactors or as water in pressurized-water reactors.
		In either a boiling-water or pressurized-water installation under high pressure is the medium used transfer the nuclear reactor's heat energy to turbine that mechanically turns an electric generator.
		This concern is known as nuclear proliferation and is a major reactor design While the enriched uranium used in most reactors is not sufficiently concentrated enough to a bomb the technology used to enrich could be used to make highly enriched needed to build a bomb.
	www.freeglossary.com /Nuclear_reactor (3413 words)

	Methane Summary
		The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that up to 40 percent of the methane that migrates to the atmosphere can be used for power generation (electricity and heat), injection into pipeline systems, methanol production, or onsite applications like coal drying.
		The strength of the carbon-hydrogen covalent bond in methane is among the strongest in all hydrocarbons, and thus its use as a chemical feedstock is limited.
		Methane is important for electrical generation by burning it as a fuel in a gas turbine or steam boiler.
	www.bookrags.com /Methane (5188 words)

	teacher ideas
		The rationale for uranium exports is rapidly-growing electricity demand coupled with greenhouse and other environmental concerns.
		Electricity demand is growing at almost double the rate of overall energy demand, indeed, greater use of electricity is a means of energy conservation in many cases.
		Environmentally the most obvious aspects of nuclear energy are radiation and how it is controlled, and the virtual absence of other pollution.
	www.uic.com.au /teacherideas.htm (1581 words)

	Natural Gas
		Increasing environmental concerns may lead to a greater use of natural gas in transportation.
		Electric utilities and independent power producers are increasingly using natural gas to provide energy for their power plants.
		Concerns about air quality in most parts of the world are increasing the interest in using natural gas as a fuel for vehicles.
	www.unctad.org /infocomm/anglais/gas/uses.htm (517 words)

	Environmental concerns with electricity generation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is normally generated at power plants which convert some other kind of energy into electrical power.
		Such systems allow electricity to be generated where it is needed, since fossil fuels can readily be transported.
		The process of growing biomass is subject to the same environmental concerns as any kind of agriculture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Environmental_concerns_with_electricity_generation (1956 words)

	LCRA: Environment & Education: Q&A on Environmental Leadership
		LCRA is a conservation and reclamation district that provides electricity and water and wastewater services, manages public lands and water supplies, protects natural resources, and supports economic and community development.
		Environmental leadership is a core element of LCRA's statutory missions and organizational philosophies, policies and practices.
		Environmental management systems have been established at each LCRA facility to ensure compliance with state and federal environmental regulations and to minimize environmental impacts.
	www.lcra.org /envedu/qa.html (967 words)

	1996 Electricity Report of the California Energy Commission
		We encouraged efforts to transform monopoly electricity generation into a free market, and to transfer control of monopoly transmission lines to a central coordinating entity that would grant nondiscriminatory access to all sellers and buyers.
		Debates about the basic outlines of a competitive system are generally over, and thus in the 1996 Electricity Report (ER 96) we turn to an examination of implementation details, to new issues raised in the past two years, and to issues that remain unresolved.
		One of California's key energy policies is that the electricity system consumer should have a diversity of generation types and fuels from which to choose, in order to provide security against supply disruptions and economic dislocation.
	www.energy.ca.gov /ER96/index.html (1631 words)

	List of energy topics - PESWiki
		In general, the energy refers to "the potential for causing changes".
		Internal energy - (abbreviated E or U) is the total kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules (translational, rotational, vibrational) and the total potential energy associated with the vibrational and electric energy of atoms within molecules.
		Power factor - of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power to the apparent power.
	peswiki.com /index.php/List_of_energy_topics (814 words)

	Wind Energy Development Environmental Concerns
		Although wind power plants have relatively little impact on the environment compared to fossil fuel power plants, concerns have been raised over the noise produced by the rotor blades, visual impacts, and deaths of birds and bats that fly into the rotors (avian/bat mortality).
		Because they must generally be sited in exposed places, wind turbines are often highly visible; however, being visible is not necessarily the same as being intrusive.
		An additional concern associated with wind turbines is potential interference with radar and telecommunication facilities.
	windeis.anl.gov /guide/concern/index.cfm (564 words)

	MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
		Strict compliance with all air-related regulations is a minimum requirement, and we strive to further minimize the impact we have on air quality.
		MidAmerican's subsidiaries manage and plan changes to their generation portfolios in response to local, state and national regulatory requirements, striking a balance between local air quality concerns and keeping electricity rates low for customers.
		Scientists generally believe that fossil-fuel combustion and other human activities are the primary reason for an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the earth’s atmosphere.
	www.midamerican.com /html/environment4b.asp (286 words)

	Wind Energy for Electricity Generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		As Tony environmental concerns have Electricity focused 2002; attention for on 1971; the Burton generation of electricity 2007; from Electricity clean and renewable sources Energy wind energy has 2004; become Electricity the world's fastest by growing energy Tony source.
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		Wind Energy for Electricity Generation by Tony Bur
	www.bunchesofspecials.com /specials.php?325868 (445 words)

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