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Topic: Eocene

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	Eocene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eocene epoch (56-34 Ma) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in the Cenozoic era.
		The Thermal Maximum provoked a sharp extinction event that distinguishes Eocene fauna from the ecosystems of the Paleocene.
		Antarctica, which began the Eocene fringed with a warm temperate to sub-tropical rainforest, became much colder as the period progressed; the heat-loving tropical flora was wiped out, and by the beginning of the Oligocene the continent hosted deciduous forests and vast stretches of tundra.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eocene (1386 words)

	Eocene epoch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Eocene in North America was marked by the submergence of the Great Valley of California and a portion of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain extending from New Jersey to Texas and into the present Mississippi River valley as far north as S Illinois.
		Eocene sedimentary formations along the Atlantic-Gulf coast are chiefly sands, clays, and marls, with some limestone and lignite; in California, Oregon, and Washington they consist of shale and sandstone, with oil and coal.
		The Norwegian-Greenland Sea began to open during the Eocene, and a great inundation from the Mediterranean covered most of S Europe, N Africa, and SW Asia, depositing nummulitic limestone, which is prominent in the Alps and Carpathians and from which the stones of the Pyramids were quarried.
	www.bartleby.com /65/eo/Eoceneep.html (364 words)

	Eocene
		The Eocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 36 million to 58 million years before the present.
		The Eocene follows the Paleocene Epoch and is followed by the Oligocene Epoch.
		The Eocene is the second epoch of the Tertiary Era.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/eo/Eocene.html (292 words)

	Eocene: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The start of the Eocene is marked by the emergence of the first modern mammal[For more info, click on this link]s.
		The end of the paleocene (55.5/54.8 ma) was marked by one of the most significant periods of global change during the cenozoic, a sudden global change, the paleocene-eocene...
		The Thermal Maximum provoked a sharp extinction event that distinguishes Eocene fauna[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] from the ecosystems of the Paleocene Paleocene quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/eo/eocene.htm (2859 words)

	Palaeos Cenozoic: Eocene: The Eocene Epoch
		The name Eocene means the "dawn of recent life" Originally the Eocene was the first epoch of the Cenozoic, but then the Paleocene was erected as an earlier epoch.
		Changes in vegetation during the Eocene epoch were limited chiefly to the migration of types of plants in response to climate changes.
		The Eocene saw the appearance of modern birds such as eagles, pelicans, quail, and vultures, as well as the great flightless Diatriyaformes, 2 meters or more in height, with a huge hooked beak that clearly indicated carnivorous habits.
	www.palaeos.com /Cenozoic/Eocene/Eocene.htm (612 words)

	Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an event marking the start of the Eocene, the planet heated up in one of the most rapid and extreme global warming events recorded in geologic history, currently being identified as the 'Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum' or the 'Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum' (PETM or IETM).
		Geologist Jim Zachos of the University of California, Santa Cruz has connected the Eocene heat wave to drastic changes in ocean chemistry that caused the massive worldwide die-off.
		On land, there was a massive turnover of mammals, as most of the primitive mammals that had developed since the end of the Cretaceous were suddenly replaced by the ancestors of most of the surviving modern mammal groups, all of them in small versions, adapted to Eocene heat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paleocene-Eocene_thermal_maximum (864 words)

	Ungulate teeth, diets, and climatic changes at the eocene/oligocene boundary
		The boundary between early and middle Eocene was the time of the maximum mean annual temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, and the mammalian extinctions of the late Eocene have been considered to be correlated with climatic deterioration and corresponding effects on the vegetation.
		Their numbers declined in the middle and late Eocene, but the total diversity of bunodont taxa was boosted in the Oligocene by the emergence of large, specialized modern forms (suoid artiodactyls).
		Semi-lophed ungulates were fairly abundant in the late Paleocene and early Eocene, but underwent dramatic diversification in the late middle Eocene, almost doubling their generic diversity by the end of the period.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/EEB/Janis_abstracts/Zoology.html (593 words)

	Eocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Eocene Epoch (meaning "dawn of the recent") encompasses that time between approximately 55 million years ago and 34 million years ago.
		It was during the Eocene that mammals took over the large-animal niches previously held by the dinosaurs.
		The Eocene was a time of warm climate and significant vulcanism was present in the western U.S. and central Mexico.
	www.carlwozniak.com /earth/Eocene.html (307 words)

	Chevron Crude Oil Marketing - Eocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Eocene, like our Ratawi crude, is produced from the Wafra, South Umm Gudair and South Fuwaris fields in the Partitioned Neutral Zone (PNZ) situated between Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
		Eocene is also low in nitrogen, low acidity, and low asphaltenes, and has relatively low metals in the residue.
		Eocene is a heavy, high sulfur crude oil, similar in many respects to grades such as the Egyptian Gisum.
	www.chevron.com /CrudeMarketing/overview.asp?eocene (335 words)

	THE EOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE KURA AND SOUTH CASPIAN DEPRESSIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Modern approach to the interpretation and processing of logging data has shown that the Eocene sections are characterized by considerable non-homogeneity of the lithologic composition and reservoir properties of composing rocks in the territory under consideration.
		The Eocene productive deposits of the considered region are presented mainly by arenaceous-marlaceous and terrigenous rocks formed in the areas of deep-water shelf and slopes of epi-continental seas.
		To a considerable extent, its features are determined both by the character and conditions of development of the block structure of the region and structural-tectonic features and peculiarities of the present-day geological model of the Pre-Pliocene part of the section.
	www.first-exchange.com /fsu/books/book_04.htm (1322 words)

	Chesapeake Meteor
		The Eocene is regarded as the warmest epoch of the Tertiary Period.
		The Eocene saw the appearance of modern birds such as eagles, pelicans, quail, and vultures as well a the great flightless Diatriyma, two meters or more in height, with a huge hooked beak that clearly indicated carnivore habits.
		The Eocene epoch is part of the Tertiary Period in the Cenozoic Era.
	meteor.pwnet.org /impact_event/past.htm (1537 words)

	The Eocene Epoch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Eocene epoch is part of the Tertiary Period in the Cenozoic Era, and lasted from about 54.8 to 33.7 million years ago (mya).
		The oldest known fossils of most of the modern orders of mammals appear in a brief period during the Early Eocene and all were small, under 10 kg.
		The Eocene Epoch is part of the Cenozoic Era.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /tertiary/eoc.html (160 words)

	Response of Plant
		(Corylites sp.) and the Eocene (Alnus sp.) (15).
		The Eocene sample, from the Cenozoic thermal maximum, is the middle Wasatchian Sourdough flora, Great Divide Basin, sample 5 of (9).
		The Alnus sp., undescribed, is known from leaves, female cones, and staminate inflorescences in early Eocene deposits of southern and northern Wyoming (9, 25).
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Ecology/response_of_plant.htm (2377 words)

	Primitive Eocene Whales
		In 1840's, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama all became famous for the discovery of fossil primitive whales within a belt of outcropping Eocene strata.
		Paleontologists found during the 1800's the remains of Basilosaurus and another primitive whale, Zygorhiza kochii (Riechenbach), throughout the outcrops of Upper Eocene strata in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.
		Primitive Eocene whales are the state fossils of both Alabama and Mississippi.
	www.intersurf.com /~chalcedony/Basilosaurus1.html (1337 words)

	Mammalian Migrations between Europe and North America, by William Diller Matthew
		To me the evidence appears thus:--In the Basal Eocene the faunæ were closely related, the results presumably of an extensive migration at the end of the Cretaceous.
		At the beginning of the Oligocene here, and in the Upper Eocene of Europe and North America, there appears a large new immigrant fauna, which may also be referred to Asiatic origin.
		In Upper Eocene higher stages in the evolution of the race (Pterodon, Hyænodon) invade Europe and Africa and spread to America in Lower Oligocene.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/biogeog/MATT1908.htm (1082 words)

	Mass extinction - Facts from the Encyclopedia - Yahoo! Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The best-known mass extinction is that at the end of the Cretaceous period, when the dinosaurs and many other plants and animals disappeared and up to 75% of all marine genera were lost.
		The most recent mass extinction was that of the late Eocene epoch, approximately 54 million years ago.
		Understanding and definition of these events have changed rapidly as information from more and more complete fossil samplings is compiled in larger and more comprehensive databases and as computer modeling of such events becomes more sophisticated.
	messenger.yahooligans.com /reference/encyclopedia/entry?id=30472 (727 words)

	Eocene bipolar glaciation associated with global carbon cycle changes : Nature
		There is a Corrigenda (3 November 2005) associated with this document.
		Eocene bipolar glaciation associated with global carbon cycle changes
		The transition from the extreme global warmth of the early Eocene 'greenhouse' climate
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v436/n7049/abs/nature03874.html (338 words)

	PROBABLE SHOCKED QUARTZ AS EVIDENCE FOR AN UPPER EOCENE IMPACT HORIZON IN COASTAL PLAIN STRATA, WARREN COUNTY, GEORGIA, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Although 35 Ma tektites are found in younger Coastal Plain alluvium throughout southern Georgia, a discrete impact horizon has never been identified in the upper Eocene section.
		In east-central Georgia, the Twiggs Clay overlies the Middle Eocene kaolin-rich Huber Formation.
		The contact between the two is a sequence boundary and transgressive surface overlain by a patchy coarse-grained sand layer up to 10 cm thick.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_41931.htm (498 words)

	From Greenhouse to Icehouse; The Marine Eocene-Oligocene Transition; Edited by Donald R. Prothero, Linda C. Ivany, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The marine Eocene-Oligocene transition of 34 million years ago was a critical turning point in Earth's climatic history, when the warm, high-diversity "greenhouse" world of the early Eocene ceded to the glacial, "icehouse" conditions of the early Oligocene.
		In particular, it summarizes the high-resolution details of the so-called doubthouse interval (roughly 45 to 34 million years ago), which is critical to testing climatic and evolutionary hypotheses about the Eocene deterioration.
		The authors' goals are to discuss the latest information concerning climatic and oceanographic change associated with this transition and to examine geographic and taxonomic patterns in biotic turnover that provide clues about where, when, and how fast these environmental changes happened.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cup/catalog/data/023112/0231127162.HTM (977 words)

	PALYNOMORPH BIOZONES IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING PALEOCLIMATE, MIDDLE EOCENE TO LOWER OLIGOCENE OF THE NORTHWEST GULF OF ...
		Composite section of the upper middle Eocene, upper Eocene and lower Oligocene and selected palynomorph occurrence ranges (Yancey et al., in press).
		ELSIK, W.C. 1973 Differentiating the middle Eocene Claibornian Stage in the "Wilcox facies" of the southeastern United States.
		ELSIK, W.C. 1974 Characteristic Eocene palynomorphs in the Gulf Coast, U.S.A. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 149(1–4): 90–111.
	palynology.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/full/24/1/177 (3323 words)

	ELASMO.COM Fossil - Paleo-faunas: Eocene of Virginia
		The Nanjemoy Formation (Early Eocene - Ypresian) is made up of two members, the Potapaco and Woodstock.
		A checklist of Paleocene and Eocene sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes) from the Pamunkey Group, Maryland and Virginia, USA.
		Early Eocene Vertebrates and Plants from the Fisher/Sullivan Site (Nanjemoy Formation) Stafford County, Virginia.
	www.elasmo.com /paleo/fauna/va_eoc.html (1705 words)

	Gardens at UWA-Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Eocene and Jurassic Gardens at the E. de C. Clarke Geology Museum,
		It brings to life the Eocene world here before the opening of the Great Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica which had a profound effect on the climate, particularly in Western Australia.
		A large specimen of Western Australian spongolite (a siliceous rock composed essentially of sponge spicules) of Late Eocene age is a feature in the garden.
	www.usyd.edu.au /su/macleay/Prehist-Eocene.htm (229 words)

	Eocene El Nino: Evidence for Robust Tropical Dynamics in the "Hothouse" -- Huber and Caballero 299 (5608): 877 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Eocene El Nino: Evidence for Robust Tropical Dynamics in the "Hothouse" -- Huber and Caballero 299 (5608): 877 -- Science
		Eocene El Niño: Evidence for Robust Tropical Dynamics in the "Hothouse"
		Past periods of extreme global warmth, exemplified by the Eocene
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/299/5608/877 (288 words)

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