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Topic: Ependyma

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	Medical Dictionary: Ependyma - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Ependyma: thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord canal
		Ependyma : A thin membrane that lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the SPINAL CORD.
		The following list attempts to classify Ependyma into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/ependyma.htm (248 words)

	ependyma \| \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Ependyma is the thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord canal.
		Ependyma is one of four types of neuroglia, and is itself lined with epithelial cilia of the central nervous system.
		Jonas Frisen and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm believe that ependyma is the prime candidate for the location of neural stem cells.
	www.babylon.com /definition/ependyma/All (131 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ependyma
		In the adult, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by choroid plexus in the 1) body and inferior horns of the lateral ventricles, 2) roof of the 3rd ventricle of the diencephalon, and 3) roof of the 4th ventricle in the medulla.
		The ependyma of the midbrain ventricle is columnar in the dorsal midline, and at the rostral end forms a distinct collection of dark-staining cells which are ciliated, and this is the sub-commissural organ.
		Caudal to this the ependyma of the hindbrain roof is deficient at the metapore.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ependyma (278 words)

	NEUROGLIA
		The structural organisation of ependyma, with its interdigitations and specialised junctions at the lateral cell surfaces, is suggestive of a supportive function, similar to that performed by astrocytes.
		As ependyma forms a barrier between the ventricular CSF and the parenchyma of the central nervous system, it is ideally situated to influence the transport of substances.
		In addition, these materials are taken up by the ependyma and transported in vesicles and multivesicular bQdies, suggesting that other substances in the CSF may follow a similar pathway.
	sabryabdelfattah.tripod.com /docs/NEUROGLIA.htm (6075 words)

	INABIS '98 - Curly fiber and tangle-like inclusions in ependyma and choroid plexus: One of the first pathological ...
		The number of cases with thread- and tangle-like elements in plexus and ependyma is very high, more than 96% in the three groups with cortical AD-type lesions and low in the group without AD-type cortical changes (18.75%).
		The statistical analysis showed a highly significant correlation between the cortical AD changes and those in ependyma and plexus and suggests that the ependymal and plexus changes may well be one of the earliest manifestations of the degenerative process in the central nervous system.
		Curly fiber and tangle-like inclusions in ependyma and choroid plexus: One of the first pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease?.
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/behavneuro/miklossy0545/index.html (361 words)

	CSF SECRETION BY THE CHOROID PLEXUS EPITHELIUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 292 consecutive autopsy cases several cortical areas, the ependyma and the choroid plexus were analyzed to look for AD-type changes and Biondi inclusions, using histochemical staining techniques and immunohistochemistry.
		The pathological argyrophilic filaments accumulating in the ependymal layer and plexus had histochemical properties of amyloid and were immunoreactive with antibodies to P component, ubiquitin, fibronectin and Tau protein.
		The statistical analysis indicated that the degenerative fibrillary changes of ependyma and plexus are one of the earliest manifestations of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system.
	www.lyon.inserm.fr /choroid_plexus/abstracts2000/NCPWSMiklossy.html (342 words)

	Amazon.com: Ependyma: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ependyma are special glial cells that are found lining the ventricles...
		May arise from the ependyma of a ventricle (commonly the fourth) or the spinal cord;...
		The diencephalon was removed, along with the ependyma of the lateral ventricle, except where it covers the caudate...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Ependyma&tag=icongroupinterna&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (977 words)

	TYPES - Brain Cancer
		Ependymomas arise from the cells that line the internal surfaces of the brain, thus, they are gliomas.
		The tumours arise from "ependyma", cells that line the fluid spaces of the brain and spinal cord.
		Ependymomas located in the cerebral hemispheres occur primarily in children and adolescents.
	www.jamescroftshopefoundation.org.au /types.htm (743 words)

	ICP monitors
		Cell of origin may be ependyma, choroid plexus, neuroepithelium, the paraphysis, etc. A variety of theories exist to explain their origin (see Brain Tumors, Kaye and Laws, p.
		Infolded fibrovascular stroma remains covered by a thin layer of neuroepithelium that merges imperceptibly with the surrounding ependyma at the base of the choroid plexus.
		Colloid cysts develop when the neuroepithelium of the diencephalic roof begins to invaginate into the third ventricle with a subsequent partial sequestration of a cystlike structure.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/06.4-Oncology-HistologicalType/ColloidCysts.html (696 words)

	Figure 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Damage to the ependyma was evident at 12 h and rapidly progressed by 24 h.
		The contralateral ventricle demonstrates labelled ependyma in the absence of damage.
		The ependyma remained intact in the contralateral hemisphere (right panels).
	www.jneuroinflammation.com /content/2/1/5/figure/F1 (199 words)

	Journal of Neuroinflammation \| Full text \| Infiltrative microgliosis: activation and long-distance migration of ...
		The ependyma not only functions as a physical barrier preventing foreign proteins and organisms from entering the brain from the CSF, but also displays immunological effector ability such as phagocytosis of fluorescent beads injected into the CSF [4] and upregulation of MHC-II in response to interferon gamma challenge in vivo [5].
		Importantly, a population of resident subventricular microglia (SVMs) are found in the subependymal zone [6,7] suggesting the ependyma and microglia may cooperate to prevent invasion of the CNS from the ventricular system.
		The extensive migration of SVMs in response to HIV-tat injection, on the other hand, may be due to a direct effect of tat on microglia or possibly an indirect effect due to upregulation of chemokines by neurons and glia [27,28].
	www.jneuroinflammation.com /content/2/1/5 (4020 words)

	Rat Genome Database: References
		This ependymal denudation mostly involves the ependyma of the basal plate derivatives.
		The process of detachment of the ventral ependyma, clearly visualized under scanning electron microscope, is almost completed before the onset of hydrocephalus.
		It seems likely that an uncontrolled bulk flow of brain fluid through the extended areas devoid of ependyma may be responsible for the hydrocephalus developed by the hyh mutant embryos.
	rgd.mcw.edu /tools/references/references_view.cgi?id=1358390 (376 words)

	Journal of Neuroinflammation \| Full text \| Expression of innate immune complement regulators on brain epithelial cells ...
		Very high levels of complement proteins are present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) particularly in infection or inflammatory conditions of the brain [9] and presumably as a consequence of plasma transudation or intrathecal synthesis by infiltrating leukocytes and resident activated epithelial cells [10,11].
		The ependyma is vulnerable to injury throughout both fetal and adult life and particularly in diseased conditions but the cellular and molecular nature of the intrinsic mechanisms conferring resistance (or not) to tissue damage remains poorly characterised.
		Whether the ependyma and choroid plexus are able to control these inflammatory insults may be important to the plasticity and homeostasis of the inflamed brain.
	www.jneuroinflammation.com /content/3/1/22 (4369 words)

	TRANSCALLOSAL APPROACH TO COLLOID SYST
		Remnants of paraphysis, diencephalic ependyma, invagination of neuroepithelium of the ventricle, or the respiratory epithelium of endodermal origin are other etiologic possibilities.
		An incision is made in the corpus callosum for a distance of 1.5 to 2.5 cms, depending on the type and size of the pathology in the ventricle.
		The ependyma is then opened to the extent necessary.
	www.thamburaj.com /colloid_cyst.htm (2721 words)

	Histochemistry of proteases in ependyma, choroid plexus and leptomeninges. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Histochemistry of proteases in ependyma, choroid plexus and leptomeninges.On the basis of these results, it is postulated that peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid can be cleaved extraventricularly by the enzymes demonstrated in the leptomeninges.
		GGT was only demonstrable in the cell membranes of ependymal cells and in the leptomeninges; however, APA, APM and DAP IV showed a variable degree of activity in the capillary endothelium of the choroid plexus as well as in the leptomeninges.
		Aminopeptidase M (APM), aminopeptidase A (APA), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were demonstrated histochemically in cryostat sections of the rat brain to show the reaction pattern of ependyma, choroid plexus and leptomeninges.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/6123528.html (120 words)

	Cerebrospinal Fluid Research \| Full text \| Differential permeability to horseradish peroxidase in affected and ...
		The ventricular surface in non hydrocephalic newborn mice is lined by the immature ependyma, which is characterized for being vimentin (-) and S100β (-), at variance in the adult animals the mature ependyma expresses vimentin and S100β [2].
		In non-hydrocephalic mice the immature ependymal layer was impermeable to HRP, whereas the mature ependyma was permeable.
		This suggests that these ependymal areas could correspond to an specific ependyma population that in the normal animal would be a tight ependyma, and that such an ependyma would have the same barrier properties as those of the glial scar.
	www.cerebrospinalfluidresearch.com /content/2/S1/S31 (683 words)

	Cerebrospinal Fluid Research \| Full text \| In moderate communicating hydrocephalus of human fetuses, ependymal ...
		Paraffin sections throughout the walls of the cerebral aqueduct and lateral ventricles were processed for lectin binding and immunocytochemistry using ependyma, astroglia, neuroblasts and macrophague markers.
		In the denuded areas of the lateral ventricles of hydrocephalic foetuses it was found (i) a loss of the germinal ependymal zone, (ii) disorganization of the subventricular zone and, (iii) abnormal migration of neuroblasts into the ventricular cavity.
		The early loss of ependyma in human hydrocephalic foetuses would be associated to both, the hydrocephalic process and an abnormal migration of neuroblasts.
	www.cerebrospinalfluidresearch.com /content/2/S1/S5 (491 words)

	Ependyma - Information from Reference.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ependyma - definition of ependyma in the Medical dictionary - by...
		Protein synthesis and transport by the rat choroid plexus and ependyma:...
		Secretory phenomena at the ependyma of the IIIrd ventricle of the embryonic rat.
	www.reference.com /search?q=Ependyma&db=web (165 words)

	eMedicine - Schizencephaly : Article Excerpt by: Ken R Close, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The cleft extends across the entire cerebral hemisphere, from the ventricular surface (ependyma) to the periphery (pial surface) of the brain.
		The clefts may be unilateral or bilateral and may be closed (fused lips), as in schizencephaly type I, or separated (open lips), as in schizencephaly type II.
		Schizencephaly type II occurs more commonly than type I. The clefts in schizencephaly are lined either totally or in part by gray matter and extend from the pial surface to the ependyma of the lateral ventricle.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/schizencephaly.htm (551 words)

	Correlated electrophysiology and morphology of the ependyma in rat hypothalamus -- Jarvis and Andrew 8 (10): 3691 -- ...
		Correlated electrophysiology and morphology of the ependyma in rat hypothalamus -- Jarvis and Andrew 8 (10): 3691 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		Correlated electrophysiology and morphology of the ependyma in rat hypothalamus
		common ependyma was -79.9 +/- 1.40 mV and for tanycytes, -79.5 +/- 1.77 mV.
	www.neuroscience.org /cgi/content/abstract/8/10/3691 (342 words)

	Adult Mammalian Forebrain Ependymal and Subependymal Cells Demonstrate Proliferative Potential, but only Subependymal ...
		Dissections of the ependyma and/or subependyma were performed on the medial wall closest to the septum (Sep).
		cells in the subependyma (arrowheads) remain after the ependyma was removed (arrow) from the septal (sep) wall of the lateral ventricle.
		ependyma and subependyma cocultures was observed in the EGF condition.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/19/11/4462 (6821 words)

	Molecular characterization of rabbit phospholipid transfer protein: choroid plexus and ependyma synthesize high levels ...
		Molecular characterization of rabbit phospholipid transfer protein: choroid plexus and ependyma synthesize high levels of phospholipid transfer protein -- Gander et al.
		Molecular characterization of rabbit phospholipid transfer protein: choroid plexus and ependyma synthesize high levels of phospholipid transfer protein
		ependyma synthesize high levels of phospholipid transfer protein.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/abstract/43/4/636 (425 words)

	Untitled Document
		Eosinophil: a white blood cell that contains granules filled with chemicals damaging to parasites, and enzymes that damp down inflammatory reactions.
		Ependyma: a membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the canal of the spinal cord.
		Ependymoma: a glioma arising in or near the ependyma.
	www.med.ufl.edu /hem-onc/terms-e.htm (210 words)

	John Kiernan's web site - Neuroglial cells
		These form a columnar epithelium (the ependyma) that lines the neurocoele in the adult.
		Astrocytic end-feet also form the thin external glial limiting membrane at the outside surface of the brain and spinal cord and around the larger blood vessels.
		There is a similar internal glial limiting membrane, subjacent to the ependyma.
	publish.uwo.ca /~jkiernan/gliacell.htm (743 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		In the central nervous system they form the lining of the cavities in the brain known as ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord.
		Many of the ependyma cells are also ciliated which helps the flow of the cerebro-spinal fluid which fills the spaces mentioned above.
		Unlike other epithelial cells however the ependyma cells do not lie on a basement membrane but have tapering processes which merge with the processes of the underlying astrocytes.
	www.jdaross.cwc.net /intronerv2.htm (1036 words)

	Amazon.com: ependyma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		in intimate relationship with the ependyma or its remnants.
		May arise from the ependyma of a ventricle (commonly the...
		was removed, along with the ependyma of the lateral ventricle, except...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=ependyma&tag=icongroupinterna&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (1088 words)

	Dysfunctional cilia lead to altered ependyma and choroid plexus function, and result in the formation of hydrocephalus ...
		Fluorescence images were overlaid with the movement of the fluorescently labeled beads, as recorded by motion tracking (yellow lines, see Movie 1 in the supplementary material).
		Brain sections of a 1-day-old wild-type mouse containing the (A) lateral and (B) third ventricles, (C) the aqueduct and (D) the fourth ventricle were analyzed for the presence of cilia (anti-acetylated-tubulin, green; polaris, red) on the ependyma (white arrowheads) and the choroid plexus epithelia (white arrow).
		No multi-ciliated cells were evident on the ependyma of the (A) lateral, (B) third or (D) fourth ventricles at this age.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/figsonly/132/23/5329 (1064 words)

	Membrane organization and tumorigenesis--the NF2 tumor suppressor, Merlin -- McClatchey and Giovannini 19 (19): 2265 -- ...
		Tight junctions can be identified between cells in some regions of the ependyma, where they are often situated at the basal end of the cell (red).
		ependyma is a "leaky" epithelium, perhaps due to the lack of
		Del Bigio, M.R. The ependyma: A protective barrier between brain and cerebrospinal fluid.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/19/19/2265 (6011 words)

	http://miaozhenjiang.nease.net/paper.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The children the nest and the median line tumor see after the skull, mainly is the myeloblast lump, the craniopharyngioma and the ependyma lump.
		The adult as most sees take the cerebral hemisphere sol lump, like astral cell lump, sol metrocyte lump, ependyma lump and so on next for meningioma, pituitary gland lump and craniopharyngioma, neurinoma, angioma cavernosum, cholesteatoma and so on.
		In the primary skull the tumor formation rate does not have the obvious sex difference, male frequently in female.
	www.miaozhenjiang.com /en/ym5.htm (3978 words)

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