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Topic: Ephedra

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	Ephedra
		Ephedra is a potent and useful herb for relieving the constriction and congestion associated with bronchial asthma.
		Ephedra is an effective nasal decongestant and is used in the treatment of various allergic disorders in adults.
		Ephedra acts as a strong central nervous system stimulant, but despite the claims of some advocates, there is no substantial clinical evidence that it is either a safe or effective promoter of weight loss in obese persons or an enhancer of athletic performance.
	www.herbs2000.com /herbs/herbs_ephedra.htm (1190 words)

	Ephedra
		Ephedra is an erect branching shrub that can be found in arid regions all over the world.
		The nodes of the ephedra plant are said to be toxic.
		Ephedra is often prescribed in combination with substances that support the adrenal glands such as licorice, ginseng, vitamin C, magnesium, zinc, vitamin B6, and panthothenic acid.
	www.geocities.com /chadrx/ephedra.html (1261 words)

	Ephedra
		Ephedra is a huge business; it’s in countless dietary supplements promoted to reduce weight, boost energy, and improve athletic performance.
		A recent study found that ephedra was responsible for a whopping 64% of all herb-related reports to poison control centers in 2001.
		Weight-loss products containing the herb ephedra, also called ma huang, may soon be required by the government to carry a warning label about its potential serious side effects (heart attacks, seizures, and strokes), as we reported in May. California already requires such labels and is considering legislation to ban ephedra.
	www.berkeleywellness.com /html/ds/dsEphedra.php (983 words)

	Herbal Information Center - Ephedra : New
		American ephedra, native to the dry southwest, was used as tea by the early settlers, and was known as "Mormon tea" and "Squaw tea." It has also been used in the treatment of headaches, fevers, colds and hay fever.
		Ephedra can cause peripheral vasoconstriction, elevation of blood pressure and cardiac stimulation, and is often combined with other tonic herbs to help counteract these effects.
		Ma huang (Ephedra sinica) is a mild engergizing herb that suppresses appetite and promotes thermogenic metabolism and increases perspiration and stimulates the nervous system.
	www.kcweb.com /herb/ephedra.htm (459 words)

	Supplements A to Z - Real Muscle Building and Fitness SOLUTIONS
		Ephedra has been shown in numerous studies to be an effective weight-loss aid (as a thermogenic and appetite suppressant).
		Ephedra is commonly used about 30 minutes before exercise on an empty stomach with doses ranging between 12 and 25 mg 3 times a day for fat loss.
		Ephedra is most beneficial (and safest) if used for 3 to 4 weeks followed by a 1- to 2-week break from the stimulant.
	www.realsolutionsmag.com /supplements/supplements.aspx?nid=240 (1391 words)

	EPHEDRA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Ephedra family (Ephedraceae) is interesting because its exact relationship to other plant families is still not completely understood.
		The flowers of Ephedra consist of small male and female cones, and the seeds are surrounded by scales.
		One of the common names for Ephedra is "mormon tea", referring to the fact that a tea with stimulant properties is made by steeping the dried stems in water.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/desertecology/ephedra.htm (330 words)

	Ephedra Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ephedra, also known as Ma Huang, is an herb utilized by Chinese medicine for over 2,500 years due to its ability to remedy symptoms of asthma and upper respiratory infections.
		Ephedra became popular to Mormon settlers in the early 1800s as a stimulant consumed in the form of tea in place of the coffee and fl tea from which they abstained, giving the plant one of its many names, Mormon Tea.
		Ephedra is classified as a dietary supplement, and unlike pharmaceutical companies that must follow strict rules regarding safety, efficacy and quality set by the FDA, manufacturers of supplements are not held to these guidelines.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0000/ai_2603000051 (975 words)

	What is ephedra (ephedrine)? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ephedra is a perennial that is native to central Asia and is also sold under the name Ma Huang.
		Ephedra is a stimulant containing the herbal form of ephedrine, an FDA-regulated drug found in over-the-counter asthma medications.
		In the United States, ephedra and ephedrine are sold in health food stores and is widely used for weight loss, as an energy booster and to enhance athletic performance.
	www.andrewsthornton.com /ephedra.htm (675 words)

	Ephedra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Used in TCM primarily to treat asthma or bronchitis, ephedra is also prescribed for symptoms of cold and flu including nasal congestion, cough, fever, and chills.
		Ephedra grows on the tundra and on the rocky and sandy slopes of Europe, Asia, and America.
		The ephedra plant is a perennial evergreen that stands, on average, one foot high but may grow up to four feet.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsHerbs/Ephedrach.html (1732 words)

	FDA Has Banned Ephedra: Consumer Advisory [NCCAM Health Information]
		Ephedra is a naturally occurring substance that comes from botanicals.
		Ephedrine alkaloids are found naturally in a number of plants, including the ephedra species (also known by the traditional Chinese medicine name--ma huang or Chinese Ephedra, or epitonin).
		There is strong evidence that ephedra is associated with an increased risk of side effects, possibly even fatal ones.
	nccam.nih.gov /health/alerts/ephedra/consumeradvisory.htm (616 words)

	Ephedra \| CESAR
		Ephedra (Ephedra sinica), also known as Ma-Huang, is an herbal stimulant drug composed of two active compounds (pseudoephedrine and ephedrine) that are ingredients in many over-the-counter products.
		Ephedra grass is grown and cultivated in many parts of China and India on government-owned farms.
		Ephedra has been found to be used in one protein drink on the market, commonly referred to as Ripped Fuel8.
	www.cesar.umd.edu /cesar/drugs/ephedra.asp (585 words)

	Reducing Ephedra-Related Risks
		We are particularly concerned about the risks of using products containing ephedra during heavy workouts, with caffeine and other stimulants, in a diet program that stresses the cardiovascular system, or by people under the age of 18.
		A RAND Corporation study commissioned by NIH concluded ephedra is associated with higher risks of mild to moderate side effects such as heart palpitations, psychiatric and upper gastrointestinal effects, and symptoms of autonomic hyperactivity such as tremor and insomnia, especially when taken with other stimulants.
		Ephedra is a naturally occurring substance derived from the Chinese herbal Ma Huang.
	nccam.nih.gov /health/alerts/ephedra/022803.htm (748 words)

	[No title]
		Ephedra is a dioecious, perennial, evergreen subshrub native to central Asia, widely distributed throughout China, Tibet, India, Pakistan, Japan, and Southern Siberia, also cultivated extensively (Bruneton, 1995; Budavari, 1996; Grieve, 1979; Leung and Foster, 1996).
		In China, ephedra is a major component of a cold medication used to relieve headache, body ache, coughing, and to lower fever by increasing perspiration.
		Ephedra became controversial in the 1980–1990s due to its popularity as a major ingredient in herbal dietary supplements in the United States.
	www.herbalgram.org /iherb/expandedcommissione/he030.asp (3329 words)

	Food and Nutrition: Choices for Health > A Guide to Dietary Supplements > Ephedra
		Ephedra is an example of a dangerous plant extract, and is also known as Ma Huang, epitonin or ephedrine alkaloids, including ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.
		Ephedra is an extract of the Ephedra vulgaris plant and is marketed as a supplement to help with weight control and boost athletic performance.
		Ephedra has been reported to be involved in over 16,000 adverse health reactions, including high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke.
	www.extension.iastate.edu /nutrition/supplements/ephedra.php (406 words)

	CNN.com - FDA plans warning labels for ephedra - Mar. 2, 2003
		Ephedra is an herbal supplement that is found in many over-the-counter products designed to help people lose weight or increase their energy and has long been the subject of criticism.
		The RAND study found that using ephedra is associated with higher risks of heart palpitations, tremors and insomnia.
		FDA regulates synthetic ephedrine, which is identical to the active ingredient in ephedra and is found in some over-the-counter and prescription drugs.
	www.cnn.com /2003/HEALTH/diet.fitness/02/28/ephedra.fda/index.html (542 words)

	Ephedra Overview
		Ephedra, the herbal supplement that has been the subject of controversy for some time, has been the focus of new attention since the February 17th death of Orioles pitching prospect Steve Bechler.
		Ephedra is a naturally occurring substance derived from the Chinese herb Ma Huang.
		Toxicology tests on Bechler revealed significant amounts of ephedra in his blood, and the dietary supplement was cited as a factor in causing the heatstroke that led to his death.
	www.umm.edu /features/ep_overview.html (1929 words)

	Economic Botany Leaflets
		Ephedras species are an evergreen shrub, native to North China and Inner Mongolia.
		Ephedra is propagated from seed or by root division in autumn and demands well drained soil.
		Ephedra's molecular structure is similar to methamphetamines (speed), and therefore can produce a positive urine test for amphetamines (speed).
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/ephed1.htm (875 words)

	CNN.com - Government announces ban on ephedra - Dec. 31, 2003
		Ephedra is an herbal supplement that is found in various over-the-counter products designed to help people lose weight or increase their energy, and has long been the subject of criticism.
		Industry groups say ephedra is safe when used as directed, and between 12 and 17 million Americans use it each year.
		The Ephedra Education Council, which is funded by manufacturers and distributors, has supported tougher labeling requirements but opposes a federal ban.
	www.cnn.com /2003/HEALTH/12/30/ephedra/index.html (627 words)

	Ephedra description
		Although Ephedra does produce growth rings, which in most cases are of roughly annual frequency, the genus has not been used in dendrochronology.
		The oldest drug produced from Ephedra is the Chinese ma-huang, which has been used in Chinese medicine for over 5000 years to treat fever, nasal congestion and asthma.
		Named from the "Greek ep-, upon, and hédra, seat or sitting upon a place; from the ancient name used by Pliny for Equisetum; the stems resemble the jointed stems of Equisetum, the segments of which appear to sit one upon the other" (Stevenson 1993).
	www.conifers.org /ep/ep/index.htm (997 words)

	Sales of Supplements Containing Ephedrine Alkaloids (Ephedra) Prohibited
		Ephedra, also called Ma huang, is a plant or herb that contains ephedrine, a substance that is regulated by FDA as a drug when created chemically in the lab.
		However, ephedra has generally been marketed as an ingredient in dietary supplements, which are not bound by the same strict standards as drugs.
		FDA subsequently determined that ephedra presents an unreasonable risk of illness or injury.
	www.fda.gov /oc/initiatives/ephedra/february2004 (463 words)

	Ephedra - Herbs & Supplements - Drug Library - DrugDigest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		However, many of the study participants were unable to maintain the reduced weight after they stopped taking ephedra and the side effects from ephedra caused a significant number of individuals to stop taking ephedra before the studies were scheduled to end.
		Due to the possibly severe side effects associated with using ephedra, the U.S. military and several athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the U.S. National Football League (NFL), and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) prohibited its use well before the FDA ban was announced.
		Formerly, ephedra was also included in drugs to treat asthma, but medications with greater effectiveness and less potential for side effects are now available.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/HerbsWho/0,3923,4065\|Ephedra,00.html (584 words)

	ephedra.com : your ephedra information source on the world's oldest medicinal herb - news, forum, patents, poll, ...
		Ephedra (also known as Ma huang, Chinese Ephedra and epitonin) is the worlds oldest medicine.
		Research has shown that ephedra increases metabolism and helps promote weight loss, relaxes the air passages in the lungs to help treat asthma and cough, promotes perspiration to help a person recover from a minor cold and helps promote urination to help relieve edema.
		As ephedra is a stimulant and a thermogenic, it should NOT be used by people / in situations where these properties might be harmful.
	www.ephedra.com (523 words)

	Ephedra Buy Ephedra online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
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	hometown.aol.com /UserBil220/Ephedra.html (689 words)

	ephedra
		Because ephedra is an herb, it is considered a dietary supplement regulated under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994.
		The study included a review of more than 1,500 adverse event reports related to ephedra that were voluntarily reported to the FDA, and 125 such reports related to products containing synthetic ephedrine.
		The researchers concluded that ephedra is associated with risks of side effects such as heart palpitations, psychiatric and upper gastrointestinal effects, and symptoms of hyperactivity such as tremor and insomnia, especially when taken with other stimulants.
	www.mamashealth.com /doc/ephedra.asp (1469 words)

	Health Encyclopedia
		The dosage of ephedra should be adjusted according to the amount of the ephedrine it provides.
		While ephedra is an herb with a long history of use in Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese tradition attaches numerous warnings: it should only be used by very robust people, for certain specific purposes, and only for a short period of time.
		These ancient warnings seem to have been disregarded in the transition of ephedra use from Asia to the United States, where it is now often sold for continuous use by overweight, relatively unhealthy people.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21697 (2076 words)

	ephedra
		There are no reported cases in the scientific or forensic literature of an ephedra herb containing dietary supplement or food being diverted to the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine or methcathinone, although there have been numerous cases where OTC ephedrine pills have been diverted to such manufacture.
		For the reasons that follow, the agency should exempt ephedra herb from its final rule to ensure that agency enforcement authorities understand that they are not to use the final rule as a basis for taking action against ephedra herb.
		Ephedra herb is a food, commonly consumed as a tea, in the United States and around the world.
	www.emord.com /legal/ephedra.htm (2848 words)

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