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| | Enhanced |
 | | These cycad-inhabiting beetle lineages are extant representatives of basal lineages of the Curculionoidea (weevils and relatives) that originated during the Late Jurassic (10). |
 | | This shift in received wisdom has also been demonstrated for a second clade of advanced seed plants, the Ephedrales, of which Gnetum and Ephedra [HN13] are now known to be insect-pollinated as well, especially by moths (11, 12). |
 | | A second line of evidence is fossil evidence for plant damage, including fecal pellets in chambers evacuated within bennettitalean strobili [HN14], and coniferalean and ephedralean pollen in the gut contents of orthopteran and holometabolous insects (4, 8) [HN15]. |
| cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/FlowerAndTheFly.htm (2999 words) |
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