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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Ephraem
		Ephraem was instructed in the Christian mysteries by St. James, the famous Bishop of Nisibis, and was baptized at the age of eighteen (or twenty-eight).
		Though Ephraem seems to have been quite ignorant of Greek, this meeting with St. Basil is not improbable; some good critics, however, hold the evidence insufficient, and therefore reject it, or at least withhold their adhesion.
		Ephraem himself tells us that in the neighbourhood of Nisibis and Edessa the poems of this Gnostic and his son Harmonius contributed efficaciously to the success of their false teachings.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05498a.htm (2670 words)

	St. Ephraem - Faith Adoring the Mystery - Mary C. Sheridan - Theandros - Online Journal of Orthodox Christian Theology ...
		Ephraem, considering the verses of the Bible with the "types and images and their fulfillment in Christ" considers Christ as the "bridge and the gate to paradise." Ephraem continues the imagery pointing out the prophets and the apostles are "milestones and inns...on the Way of Life," all leading to Christ who then reveals the Father.
		Ephraem considers the "scriptures, and Christ himself," as a bridge provided by God's love over a chasm that "separates" God from his creatures by reason of the very nature of the difference between the being of God and the being of humans.
		Ephraem's use of "symbols, types, names, and titles in his thought" was meant to facilitate one's understanding of the images and words, not the reality itself.
	www.theandros.com /ephraem.html (2627 words)

	St. Ephraem
		Ephraem was a mediator, devout patriot and great consoler of his people during a period of tremendous hatred, killing and persecutions of Christianity.
		Ephraem comments on the eagerness of Christ to be baptized (some would say that it wasn’t necessary) by St John the Baptist.
		Ephraem, Cecilia and many others, perhaps our former music teachers we had in school, or singers we enjoy today, may have helped us to love God that much more because of their contributions or assistances to us.
	www.doctorsofthecatholicchurch.com /E.html (3163 words)

	Lives of Saints :: Abib 15 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He was born in the city of Nissibis, in the beginning of the fourth century to pagan parents, during the days of the righteous Emperor Constantine.
		Ephraem increased his asceticism, and many great virtues were manifested through him that surpass description.
		Basil told her, "Go to the wilderness where St. Ephraem is and he will pray for you." The woman went to him and told him what had happened.
	www.copticchurch.net /synaxarium/11_15.html (743 words)

	BOOK REVIEW: P.S. Russell - Kees den Biesen, Bibliography of St. Ephrem the Syrian
		Ephraem the Syrian is the most widely known Syriac figure among scholars of related fields.
		Because of this, his works have drawn attention from a broad range of people, and so have begun to be studied by them in conjunction with other authors from other language traditions, as well as for their usefulness for scholars in related disciplines.
		Students of the work of Ephraem can only hope that his willingness to perform this labor for us has not been extinguished by the great effort involved in producing the volume and that he will continue to collect the notices, include them in his categories, and issue revised volumes periodically into the foreseeable future.
	syrcom.cua.edu /hugoye/vol6no1/HV6N1PRRussell.html (1128 words)

	ephraem
		Ephraem displayed a profound love of the Scriptures in his writings as illustrated by several of his written comments quoted in the Works of Nathaniel Lardner, Vol.
		I discovered another text by Ephraem, called The Book of the Cave of Treasure, that revealed he taught that Daniel's Seventieth Week will be fulfilled in the final seven years at the end of this age that will conclude with Christ's return at the Battle of Armageddon to establish His kingdom.
		Ephraem described the duration of the "great tribulation" (the last half of the seven year tribulation period) in sections 7, 8 and 10 as follows: "forty-two months" and "three and a half years" and "1260 days."
	www.geocities.com /dexlox/ephraem.html (1495 words)

	Footnotes
		To Hippolytus he appeared as a member of the Eastern school of Valentinians, while to Ephraem the Syrian he seemed in general one of the most pernicious of heretics, who nevertheless pretended to be orthodox, veiling his errors in ambiguous language, and thus carrying away many of the faithful.
		Ephraem accnses him of teaching Polytheism, in effect if not in words, but this charge seems to have arisen from a misunderstanding of his mythological forms; he apparently maintained always the supremacy of the one Christian God.
		Undoubtedly Ephraem (who is our most important authority for a knowledge of Bardesanes) knows him only through his followers, who were very numerous throughout the East in the fourth century, and hence passes a harsher judgment upon him than he might otherwise have done.
	www.bible.ca /history/fathers/NPNF2-01/footnote/fn27.htm (4032 words)

	GRIFFITH: A Spiritual Father for the Whole Church: the Universal Appeal of St. Ephraem the Syrian
		Ephraem rejected the idea that the articles of faith could be determined by academic research, or by intellectual scrutiny that put dialectic ahead of believing.
		Ephraem, for his part, thought that the proper posture for a Christian was an attitude of prayer and praise, arising from the contemplation of the mysteries God has strewn in both nature and scripture to lead the human mind to divinity.
		According to Ephraem, what one finds in Nature and Scripture are the types and symbols, along with the names and titles, by means of which the invisible God reveals himself to the eyes and minds of persons of good faith, and which prepare them to recognize the incarnate Word of God in Jesus of Nazareth.
	syrcom.cua.edu /hugoye/Vol1No2/HV1N2Griffith.html (6881 words)

	[No title]
		Ephraem meditated on the doctrine of the Trinity, not in Greek logical or philisophical terms, but in terms of the rázê, the ‘mystic symbols̓ or mysteria that, according to Ephraem, God distributed for the purpose in nature and the scriptures.
		For Ephraem, who was more sceptical of abstract, philosophical terms, meditation on the images provided by nature and the scriptures afforded one a multifaceted entree into the inner life of God as he imagined it to be mirrored in images and types, names and symbols.
		In fact, Ephraem had not so much to say about the Holy Spirit in the context of his defense of the faith of Nicea; for him it was principally a matter of controversy with the ‘Arains̓, and therefore the generation of the Son and its implications were the main subjects of discussion.
	www.bhsu.edu /artssciences/asfaculty/dsalomon/ld/Ephraem.htm (5125 words)

	Byzantine Text Discovery: Ephraem The Syrian - Chuck Missler - Koinonia House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Ephraem of Nisibis was the most important and prolific of the Syrian church fathers and a witness to early Christianity on the fringes of the Roman Empire in the late fourth century.
		In Ephraem's book The Book of the Cave of Treasures, written about 370 A.D., he expressed his belief that the 69th week of Daniel ended with the rejection and crucifixion of Jesus the Messiah.
		This, of course, doesn't prove that the pre-tribulation view is correct; only that it was held (by some) in the early centuries and was not unique to the revival of the 1830's.
	www.khouse.org /articles/1995/39 (794 words)

	Page Title
		Ephraem the servant of God was disappointed when he saw her.
		When Ephraem the servant of God heard that, he looked up to heaven and glorified God who had given her the wisdom to be able to give him such an answer as that.
		"You are that Ephraem from Syria, are you not?
	www.vitae-patrum.org.uk /page22.html (3138 words)

	Indian Christianity
		Ephraem does not give us the name of the merchant, but it is found in the Chaldean Martyrology, preserved by the Nestorians.
		Ephraem moreover expressly affirms that the inhabitants of Edessa were aware of miracles and favours granted in their city, and that the fame of St. Thomas had spread far and wide.
		In the Acts the building to be erected is called a palace, while Ephraem speaks of a dwelling; the reader will keep in mind that while Thomas saw a palace in heaven in a dream, he was asked by the king to build him a mansion for his dwelling.
	www.indianchristianity.com /html/chap4/chapter4g.htm (14615 words)

	The Terry James Gang
		Ephraem described the duration of the "great tribulation" (the last half of the seven-year tribulation period) in sections 7, 8, and 10, as follows: "forty- two months" and "three and a half years," and "1,260 days."
		While Ephraem correctly describes the "great tribulation" as three and a half years, his other writings revealed that he believed the whole tribulation period, "that sore affliction," would last "one week" of seven years.
		Ephraem the Syrian's A.D. 373 manuscript On the Last Times, the Antichrist, and the End of the World, along with Dr. John Gill's 1748 Commentary on the New Testament refute the dogmatic declarations of a post-Tribulation Rapture.
	www.raptureme.com /terry/james27.html (6751 words)

	Christianity in Edessa and the Syriac-Speaking World: Mani, Bar Daysan and Ephraem; the St
		Ephraem viewed the famous Christian teachers of Severan times in the environs of Edessa, both those from abroad, like Marcion and Valentinus, and those local to the Syriac-speaking world, like Quq,45 Bar Daysan, and Mani, to have been anxious to win over disciples to their own doctrines.
		Ephraem claims that it was Bar Daysan, the master composer of madrdshe, who provided the entree for Mani and his doctrines into the minds and hearts of the Syrians.
		The ready appeal of Ephraem's madrdshe in the Syriac-speaking milieu in which he composed them is evident in the fact that they were gathered into collections by theme, and also by melody, by his disciples, and by later users and transmitters of his compositions.
	www.bhsu.edu /artssciences/asfaculty/dsalomon/ld/Edessa.htm (7524 words)

	Pseudo-Pseudo-Ephraem, Grant Jeffrey II, the Sequel
		This new evidence clearly refutes the dogmatic declarations of many that there is no evidence that anyone ever taught the pretribulation rapture before A.D. The biblical truth of the glorious rapture of the church prior to the Tribulation was definitely taught in the early church.
		The quotation Jeffrey referred to is from a document called "Pseudo-Ephraem." The prefix "pseudo—" means "false" or "falsely ascribed to—." Scholars doubt this document is genuinely from the hand of Ephraem of Syria, or that it was written in the fourth century.
		So, when Jeffrey wrote "I believe Ephraem the Syrian's A.D. 373 manuscript, On the Last Times, the Antichrist and the End of the World...", he has already mis-represented his evidence, and demonstrated the same kind of "spin" that is evident in his other claims.
	www.geocities.com /~lasttrumpet/ephraem1.html (4632 words)

	Syriac Hymnody
		The name of Jesus Christ, of Mary, or the saint in whose honour the hymn is composed serves to form linear or strophic acrostics.
		Ephraem signed some of his poems with his acrostic.
		From the ninth century the influence of Arabic poetry made itself felt in Syriac hymnody, especially by the introduction of rhyme, this manner of marking the final stroke of a verse had been hitherto unknown, the rare examples held to have been discovered among older authors being merely voluntary or fortuitous assonances.
	www.nestorian.org /syriac_hymnody.html (1246 words)

	comedy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Ephraem's Mary is an orphan who had been entrusted to her uncle, a devout monk.
		Ephraem's Abraham, it should be noted, laments the loss of his niece more than her loss of virginity, and never contemplates the surrender of despair.
		In Ephraem's work, Abraham is saddened that his niece could not bring herself to turn to him and confess her fall.
	www.umilta.net /comedy.html (7365 words)

	Pre-Trib Research Center
		Pseudo-Ephraem claims that his sermon was written by Ephraem of Nisibis (306-73), considered to be the greatest figure in the history of the Syrian church.
		It is not at all unreasonable to expect that a prolific and prominent figure such as Ephraem would have writings ascribed to him.
		On the basis of lexical analysis and study of the biblical citations within the sermon with Latin, Greek, and Syriac versions of the Bible, Alexander believed it most probable that the homily was composed in Syriac, translated first into Greek, and then into Latin from the Greek.
	www.pre-trib.org /article-view.php?id=52 (2092 words)

	Gouden Hoorn 4,2: Andrew Palmer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Or should I say 'the game Ephraem would have liked to play with his reader' - before certain people with more vanity than sense spoiled the game for other readers by filling in the gaps with verses of their own composition.
		Ephraem's game has no such single-layered solution, but leads from depth to depth, leaving Peter Greenaway, for all his cleverness, looking like a man who, after all, has nothing very profound to say, and who pays lip-service to oriental wisdom and to many-layered communication, without really understanding what it is that he is praising.
		By alternating columns of six or seven verses in those hymns, Ephraem may have intended to suggest that the first seven hymns could also be counted, for symbolic purposes, as six.
	www.isidore-of-seville.com /goudenhoorn/42andrew.html (4468 words)

	AllRefer.com - Saint Ephraem (Saints Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He taught at Nisibis and Edessa and composed biblical exegeses (now almost all lost) and numerous sacred verses.
		Ephraem converted Syria with his psalms, vehicles of orthodox doctrine, which soon supplanted those of Bardesanes.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Saint Ephraem
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/Ephraem.html (180 words)

	Ephraem the Syrian. 80 Hymns on Faith
		Ephraem the Syrian (+ 373) is the brightest light in the Syriac-speaking Christian tradition.
		This collection of hymns, many of which show Ephraem's involvement in the debates stemming from the Arian Controversy, contain much of his most fully articulated theological writing.
		Approaching these fundamental topics from a point of view quite different from his Greek and Latin speaking contemporaries, Ephraem discusses the nature of God and creation, the usefulness and limits of theological language, the revelation of God in Scripture and nature, as well as providing detailed discussions of questions of Christology.
	www.peeters-leuven.be /boekoverz.asp?nr=6982 (219 words)

	7. History of Pre- and Post-Tribulationism
		Second, just a casual reading of the some of the surviving works of the real Ephraem (which Pseudo-Ephraem is undoubtedly building on) will show that he was clearly a post-tribulationist.
		Ephraem expected to see the antichrist and stated that he would come before Jesus would.
		Finally, Gundry demonstrates that Ephraem very commonly spoke of "gathering" in reference to evangelism and conversion.
	www.apostolic.net /biblicalstudies/post/link7.htm (1812 words)

	Oriental Fathers: Syriac Literature
		Ephraem is a brilliant exegete, controversialist, preacher and poet.
		Ephraem's notions are still vague and his terminology is imperfect.
		Ephraem uses the strange expression ignis et spiritus for the Holy Spirit, a phrase also applied to the angels; it is also employed in his Christological statements and his teaching on the Eucharist (Beck 1949, 35ff., 49ff., 81 ff.).
	www.tertullian.org /rpearse/oriental/syriac.htm (5713 words)

	Plain Talk Vol.4, No.8, Pg.8 - Cedar Park Church of Christ
		Without claiming to be a writer I think I understand some of the writer's problems, and my heart goes out to a fellow-scribe of the 12th.
		About that time this writer decided to produce the works of Saint Ephraem, a treatise which would require much writing material.
		In 1834 the original writing was partially restored by use of chemicals; and in 1840 Tischendorf did an even better job of restoring, and later edited and published it.
	www.cedarparkchurchofchrist.org /ptalk/v4/n8h.htm (370 words)

	Gouden Hoorn 7,2: Edip Aydın (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Sozomen the historian celebrated Ephraem's memory as a popular ecclesiastical writer, some of whose works had been translated into Greek even during his lifetime.
		Jerome recognized Ephraem's theological genius in a Greek translation he read of a book by Ephraem on the Holy Spirit.
		Rather, their intention was doubtless to praise the virtues of their most famous holy man, in the newly popular Byzantine idiom of asceticism in which the citizens of fifth and sixth-century Edessa were desperate to claim a place of pride for themselves and for their city.
	www.isidore-of-seville.com /goudenhoorn/72edip.html (2324 words)

	A Reply to Dr Lightfoot's Essays - Chapter 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		of the Armenian version of the commentary ascribed to Ephraem is dated A.D. 1195, and Moesinger declares that it is translated from the Syriac, of which it is said to retain many traces.
		The name of Tatian is not mentioned as the author of the "Harmony," and the question is open as to whether the authorship of the commentary is rightly ascribed to Ephraem Syrus.
		Neither in the "Harmony" itself nor in the supposed Commentary of Ephraem Syrus is the name of any of the Evangelists mentioned, and much less is there any information given as to their personality, character, or trustworthiness.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~freethought/cassels/rl/rl07.htm (2966 words)

	Crosswalk.com - Dr. Ray Pritchard's Weblog
		Ephraem (sometimes spelled Ephrem) was a deacon and a preacher who may have attended the Council of Nicea in AD 325.
		Following the persecution of 363, he led a group of Christians to Edessa (in modern Iraq) where he founded a theological school.
		This is St. Ephraem's prayer and I commend it to you.
	www.crosswalk.com /news/weblogs/pritchard?adate=12/2/2004 (603 words)

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