
	Where results make sense

Topic: Epicotyl

In the News (Wed 23 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Definition of epicotyl - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "epicotyl" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "epicotyl" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "epicotyl" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=epicotyl (42 words)

	Alfalfa - Seed Germination - Seedling Growth - Vegetative Development
		Externally the seed has several visible structures – the hilum or point of attachment in the seed pod, the lens or a weak point in the seed coat, and the micropyle, which is a remnant of the tiny opening the pollen tube grew through during the process of fertilizing the female ovary.
		Vegetative growth continues through cell division and expansion in the epicotyl or growing point of the young plant.
		The second leaf of the alfalfa plant is usually trifoliolate (three leaflets) and originates from the second primary stem node (Figure 4).
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/hay/r648w.htm (1321 words)

	[No title]
		This great movement, due to increased growth along the concave surface of the arch, was caused by the basal leg bending backwards from the upper part, that is in a direction opposite to the dependent tip, in the same manner as occurred with the hypocotyl of the cabbage.
		Another buried and arched epicotyl was observed in the same manner, excepting that the two legs of the arch were tied together with fine silk for the sake of preventing the great movement just mentioned.
		Corylus avellana (Corylaceae).--The epicotyl breaks through the ground in an arched form; but in the specimen which was first examined, the apex had become decayed, and the epicotyl grew to some distance through the soil, in a tortuous, almost horizontal direction, like a root.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext04/pwmvp11.txt (19374 words)

	Light probing of developmental potentials of coleoptiles and epicotyls
		Germinating seedlings were exposed to a single period of growth chamber light lasting for 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 24 hours; seedlings remained in darkness for the remainder of the seven-day incubation period.
		Differences in coleoptile and epicotyl measurements represented the effect of a single light exposure in the seven-day period.
		Epicotyls of the yellow sweet corns, Sprite and Gold Cup, remain shorter than those grown under continuous dark conditions.
	www.maizegdb.org /mnl/57/44mikula.html (928 words)

	Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Plant Products - Canadian Methods and Procedures for Testing Seed
		The epicotyl elongates causing the terminal bud to emerge from between the cotyledons; the primary leaves expand rapidly.
		The epicotyl on such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry environment and is exposed to light.
		Elongation of the hypocotyl stops when the epicotyl is exposed to light at the soil surface; often elongation stops before the cotyledons have broken through the surface.
	www.inspection.gc.ca /english/plaveg/seesem/lab/meth/414e.shtml (6655 words)

	Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society: Epicotyl dormancy in the mesic woodland herb Hexastylis heterophylla ...
		Epicotyl dormancy in the mesic woodland herb Hexastylis heterophylla (Aristolochiaceae).
		Thus, in seeds of H. heterophylla, a period of warm temperatures is required for subsequent emergence of roots at cool ("autumn") temperatures and a period of cold ("winter") temperatures is required for subsequent emergence of epicotyls (shoots) at cool ("spring") temperatures (in seeds with roots emerged).
		Epicotyl dormancy is one of eight types of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), all of which are characterized by an underdeveloped embryo and a physiological inhibiting mechanism of germination (Baskin and Baskin 1998).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4017/is_200301/ai_n9180483 (1355 words)

	Charles Darwin - The Power of Movement in Plants Page 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This protuberance consisted of the convex summit of the arched epicotyl; and as it became developed the two legs of the arch curved themselves laterally upwards, owing to apogeotropism, at such a rate that the arch stood highly inclined after 14 h., and vertically in 48 h.
		We may therefore conclude that the epicotyl circumnutates whilst still arched and before it has grown tall enough to break through the surface of the ground.
		In order to observe the movements of the epicotyl at a somewhat more advanced age, a filament was fixed near the base of one which was no longer arched, for its upper half now formed a right angle with the lower half.
	charles-darwin.classic-literature.co.uk /the-power-of-movement-in-plants/ebook-page-16.asp (676 words)

	Light dosage for 50% inhibition of epicotyl growth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As light dosage is increased to nearly 100x, the length of epicotyls is reduced to less than 1/2 those developed in continuous darkness.
		It may be concluded that the energy for stimulating coleoptile elongation is of the order of 100x less than the energy required for 50% reduction in epicotyl lengths.
		Effect of light dosage on epicotyl and coleoptile lengths of seven-day-old seedlings incubated in the dark except for the above light treatment.
	www.maizegdb.org /mnl/57/45mikula.html (203 words)

	issue1
		Compared with untreated morning glory plants, growth in the epicotyl was lowered to 48% in plants treated for 2 days and fell to 40% in plants treated for 5 days.
		The activity of guaiacol-peroxidase in the ECS from epicotyls of the plant showed a constant level during the first 2 days of the two types of treatments but significantly increased 3 days after exposure to the HT or the DH.
		In epicotyls of dehydration-plants, four protein spots with MW of about 15 kDa increased in size in comparison with those prepared from control plants and were present on the acid side of the gel.
	www.world-food.net /scientficjournal/2005/issue1/abstracts/abstract52.php (581 words)

	Mycorrhizal Citations
		Disease severity on roots and epicotyl as well as the oospore number within infected root tissue were correlated with the phosphorus (P) level in the growth medium.
		The enzyme activity increased with disease severity and disease incidence, except in plants supplemented with P at the highest level, where a peak in activity was seen 12 days after inoculation with the pathogen, followed by a decrease in activity.
		The epicotyl of mycorrhizal plants showed a reduction in disease severity although this part of the plants was not mycorrhizal.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest99/1bodke1.htm (211 words)

	angio51 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The remainder of the embryo consists of a hypocotyl, which is below the point of attachment of the cotyledons, and an epicotyl, which is above the point of attachment of the cotyledons.
		The epicotyl has not increased in size enough by 3 days to emerge from the seed coat.
		By 10 days the hypocotyl arch has straightened, the cotyledons have lost the seed coat and may be beginning to shrivel, the epicotyl has elongated, and the foliage leaves have increased in size.
	www.usd.edu /biol/labs/164/angio164.html (3090 words)

	Catalase isozymes in etiolated epicotyls: a mitochondrial-specific form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the highly inbred maize strain W64A, catalase isozyme Ct is present in the developing kernels and in the dry seed stage; the Ct isozyme dominates in the scutellum during germination (Scandalios, Isozymes III, p.
		More recently we found, upon fractionating cells from the epicotyl, that there exists a fraction of catalase clearly associated with the mitochondria (using cytochrome oxidase as the marker enzyme)--see Figure 1.
		These results indicate that the intracellular distribution of catalase is dependent on the cellular metabolic environment, which is obviously different in the etiolated epicotyl and the scutellum; the mitochondrial associated catalase may be involved in functioning in the alternative oxidase pathway of mitochondria.
	www.maizegdb.org /mnl/51/52tong.html (244 words)

	Lab: Plant Reproduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The embryo contains three main structures: the radicle, or embryonic root, the hypocotyl which is the lower stem (below the cotyledon), and the epicotyl which is the upper stem (above the cotyledon).
		Using a hand lens or dissecting microscope look at the outside of the corn seed and try to locate the silk scar, which is a tiny pointed structure at the top of the kernel, and the large pointed base of the seed, which was the seeds point of attachment to the cob.
		In the diagram provided in the data sheet color the seed coat brown, the cotyledon orange, the epicotyl green, the hypocotyl blue, the radicle red, and the endosperm yellow.
	uths.revealed.net /science/stein/homework/lab_plant_reprod_proced.html (1999 words)

	Comparative anatomical analysis of the cotyledonary region in three Mediterranean Basin Quercus (Fagaceae) -- Pascual ...
		SEM showing the epicotyl with a dome-shaped shoot apex and two buttresses corresponding to the first pair of leaf primordia (arrowheads).
		The unfused epicotyl is seen between the cotyledonary petioles.
		Note the abundant starch grains in the parenchyma cells of the epicotyl and cotyledonary petiole (arrowheads).
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/3/383 (4072 words)

	ANGIOSPERM GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The embryo in corn seeds consists of a single cotyledon, a hypocotyl, and an epicotyl.
		The foliage leaves of the epicotyl may now be seen emerging between the cotyledons.
		The portion of the shoot above the cotyledons is derived from the epicotyl.
	www.usd.edu /biol/labs/101/angio01.htm (2179 words)

	Charles Darwin - The Power of Movement in Plants Page 17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Late in the evening of the 28th, some hours after the above observations were completed, the epicotyl had grown much straighter, for the upper part now formed a widely open angle with the lower part.
		Had the bean been properly planted, the part of the epicotyl to which the filament was attached, the
		The cotyledons are hypogean, and the epicotyl breaks through the ground in an arched form.
	charles-darwin.classic-literature.co.uk /the-power-of-movement-in-plants/ebook-page-17.asp (714 words)

	DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF MANGO VARIETIES TO EPICOTYL GRAFTING ON COMMERCIAL SCALE
		Epicotyl grafting is a recently standardised method for this crop under Kerala conditions.
		A study was conducted at Kerala Agricultural University, to ascertain the success of this method in fourteen important mango varieties grown in the State.
		The results of the present study indicated that varieties differ in their response to epicotyl grafting in terms of survival percentage and in the initial growth rate of the resultant grafts.
	www.actahort.org /books/509/509_28.htm (257 words)

	Tissue Specificity of E Subunit Isoforms of Plant Vacuolar H+-ATPase and Existence of Isotype Enzymes -- Kawamura et ...
		Peptide Mapping and Sequencing-- The 40-, 37-, and 35-kDa subunits of V-ATPase from the pea epicotyl were isolated by SDS-PAGE and electroelution.
		The enzymes (4 µg) purified by QAE-Toyopearl from the pea epicotyl (A) or mung bean hypocotyl (B) were subjected to two-dimensional PAGE followed by immunoblot analyses using a mixture of anti-40 and anti-37 as described under "Experimental Procedures." The numbers with upper arrowhead represent the pI value of each spot estimated by IEF.
		Vacuolar membranes isolated from pea leaves and epicotyls were subjected to immunoblot analysis with antibodies to the A, B, D, and E subunits.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/9/6515 (6347 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 8, 7, July, 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The characters considered are (1) number of primary double bundles, of intercalary bundles, and of total bundles at the base of the hypocotyl, (2) number of bundles in the central region of the hypocotyl, and (3) number of bundles in the central region of the epicotyl.
		There is a substantial correlation between each of the three classes of bundles at the base of the hypocotyl and the number of bundles in the central region of the hypocotyl.
		The correlation between the numbers of bundles in the central region of the hypocotyl and in the central region of the epicotyl is likewise very low.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001194.html (569 words)

	Burrows, Vernon Douglas (1958-01-01) Studies on translocation. ...
		Essentially the same amount of 2,4-D is transported to the epicotyl of plants grown under 1000 and 2000 f.c.
		Growth of the epicotyls induced by equivalent amounts of 2,4-D is two to four times larger in plants grown under 2000 than in those grown under 1000 f.c.
		The compounds 2,4-D and 2,4,6-T are equally well absorbed by bean leaves and travel at the same speed in the phloem.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-10082004-111812 (330 words)

	Environment and seedling age influence mesquite response to epicotyl removal by C.R. Tischler et al. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Environment and seedling age influence mesquite response to epicotyl removal by C.R. Tischler et al.
		Objectives of this study were to determine effects of epicotyl removal at various seedling ages, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and soil fertility, on (1) seedling survival, (2) cotyledonary leaf longevity, and (3) shoot and root growth of young seedlings.
		Responses to epicotyl clipping in mesquite seedlings are complex, being strongly influenced by soil fertility, atmospheric CO concentration, seedling age at clipping, and interactions between these factors.
	uvalde.tamu.edu /jrm/may98/tischl.htm (280 words)

	Mechanical Weed Control with a Harrow or Rotary Hoe
		In some crops, this situation will rarely occur unless a herbicide is used to control earlygerminating weeds.
		Crops generally will tolerate preemergence use of a harrow or rotary hoe until the seedling emergence structure (coleoptile of grasses and epicotyl or hypocotyl of broadleaves) is near the soil surface.
		Pre or postemergence use of the harrow or rotary hoe is risky with most shallowseeded crops.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/weeds/w1134w.htm (1490 words)

	planting_details
		All roots, except for a single primary root at the seed on those with an epicotyl, and all new leaves grow from this crown.
		With the seedling without an epicotyl, roots are poked down into the finger hole, the seed left just below the future surface and the sand pushed in around the seedling.
		The seed of the seedling with the epicotyl has to be placed deeper in the sand so the base of the little crown finishes up at soil level.
	www.victoria-adventure.org /victoria/planting.html (400 words)

	PRIMARY VASCULARIZATION IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.)
		In the mature embryo procambium forms a hollow cylinder in the roothypocotyl axis which is correlated with the tree habit.
		In the root, the differentiation of protoxylem bundles begin in the oldest part and the pattern of longitudinal differentiation is acropetal.
		The xylem strands of the leaf unites with that of the epicotyl further differentiate basipetally down the cotylendonary mode and join the hypocotylary xylem bundles.
	www.actahort.org /books/108/108_2.htm (206 words)

	germination. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		When the temperature is suitable and there is an adequate supply of moisture, oxygen, and light—although some seeds require darkness and others are unaffected by either—the seed absorbs water and swells, rupturing the seed coat.
		The growing tip (radicle) of the rudimentary root (hypocotyl) emerges first and then the growing tip (plumule) of the rudimentary shoot (epicotyl).
		Food stored in the endosperm or in the cotyledons provides energy for the early stages of this process, until the seedling is able to manufacture its own food via photosynthesis.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/germinat.html (278 words)

	Planting Depth
		In some crops, the cotyledons remain in the soil as either the mesocotyl or epicotyl elongates and pushes to the surface.
		The cotyledons of pea remain below the soil surface as the epicotyl elongates during germination and emergence.
		pea cotyledons will remain below ground and their will be differences in the length of the epicotyl area between the seed and the soil surface.
	www.agron.iastate.edu /plantscience/Planting_depth.htm (1001 words)

	Inferant Statistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Each was monitored over a 72 hour period; at the end of this time, the data was collected concerning the hypocotyl and epicotyl lengths of the plants.
		Using either Excel or the TI-83 graphing calculator, perform an ANOVA on the hypocotyl data to determine if there is a significant difference in the length of this structure among the plants grown at varying concentrations of ethylene glycol.
		This data exists in three files; one is in Excel Data format, one is in Text format, and one in TI-83 Group format.
	www.cvgs.k12.va.us /DIGSTATS/main/inferant/a_ethyl.html (393 words)

	Unit 2 - Learning Activities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The embryo consists of the epicotyl which houses the apical meristem where new stem and leaf tissue is formed as the plant grows.
		The hypocotyl which is the stem between the epicotyl and the radical or root.
		It elongates and pulls the cotyledons and epicotyl about the ground during germination.
	wsuonline.weber.edu /course.botany.1303/unit2_la.htm (1872 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)