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Topic: Epidemic typhus

Related Topics

Rickettsia prowazekii

Typhus

Typhus (disease)

Rudolf Weigl

Rickettsia

Scrub typhus

Bergen Belsen

Great War

Endemic typhus

World War II

Girolamo Fracastoro

	Epidemic typhus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Epidemic typhus, also called Jail Fever,Hospital Fever or Famine fever is a form of typhus caused by the bacillus Rickettsia prowazekii, carried by the human body louse Pediculus humanus.
		Epidemics occurred throughout Europe from the 17th to the 19th centuries.
		Epidemic Typhus is responsible for a number of epidemics throughout history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Epidemic_typhus (1012 words)

	Typhus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This form of typhus is also known as "prison fever" and as "ship fever", because it becomes prevalent in crowded conditions in prisons and aboard ships.
		Endemic typhus (also called "flea-borne typhus" and "murine typhus") is caused by Rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas infesting rats, and, less often, Rickettsia felis, transmitted by fleas carried by cats or possums.
		Scrub typhus (also called "chigger-borne typhus") is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chiggers, which are found in areas of heavy scrub vegetation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Typhus (771 words)

	typhus
		The typhus group of illnesses are one of several rickettsioses or febrile exanthematous illnesses that include (in addition to the typhus group of illnesses), the spotted fever group of illnesses (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Boutonneuse fever, North Asian tick typhus, and rickettsial pox), Q fever, trench fever, and erlichiosis.
		Endemic (murine) typhus is transmitted by the bite of fleas infected with Rickettsia typhi.
		Epidemic louse-borne typhus is characterized by a prodrome of headache and constitutional symptoms, then the abrupt onset of high fever, chills, and prostration.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/typhus.htm (683 words)

	typhus - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Typhus diseases are characterized by high fever and an early onset of rash and headache.
		Epidemic typhus, the most serious in the group, is caused by Rickettsia prowazeki, which is transmitted in the feces of body lice.
		Endemic murine typhus is primarily a disease of rodents and is spread to humans by rat fleas.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1E1:typhus/typhus.html?refid=ip_hf (199 words)

	typhus
		Recognizable descriptions of the disease occur in European literature from the Middle Ages on, and devastating epidemics of typhus continued to occur intermittently throughout Europe in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.
		Epidemic typhus was clearly differentiated as a disease entity from typhoid fever in the 19th century.
		A condition that is closely related to epidemic typhus is Brill-Zinsser disease, or recrudescent typhus, in which mild symptoms of epidemic louse-borne typhus reappear after a latent period, sometimes of many years, in persons who at one time had contracted epidemic typhus.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/609_90.html (805 words)

	Typhus: essential data
		Typhus is transmitted by the bite of a number of fleas, of which the most important is the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis and several related genera, but also by the rat louse Polyplax spinulosa and some other ectoparasites that are not fleas.
		Epidemic typhus is highly infective and often fatal in untreated cases.
		Typhus appears to be a relatively new disease with the first reliable description is from the Spanish siege of Moorish Granada in 1489.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Biological/Pathogens/RP.html (982 words)

	typhus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Endemic foci of epidemic typhus exist in highland populations in Africa and South America, but tourists are at minimal risk of acquiring lice and disease.
		Tick typhus, actually a form of spotted fever, is not uncommon in travelers who spend time trekking or on safari in Africa or the Indian subcontinent.
		Scrub typhus is spread by mites that feed on infected rodents and exists mainly on Pacific islands and in southeast and east Asia.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Disease/typhus.html (574 words)

	Typhus
		Typhus is an infectious disease which is transmitted by lice or fleas and characterized by high fever, a transient rash, and fairly severe illness.
		Epidemic typhus occurs in poor hygienic conditions (which is why it is sometimes called "jail fever"), usually when the temperature is cold.
		Brill-Zinsser disease is a mild form of epidemic typhus, caused by reactivation of the disease in the body of someone who has been previously infected after a long period of dormancy.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/001363.htm (375 words)

	eMedicine - Typhus : Article by Eric A Hansen, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pathophysiology: Epidemic typhus is the prototypical infection of the typhus group of diseases, and the pathophysiology of this illness is representative of the entire category.
		Typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by rickettsial organisms.
		Epidemic typhus is caused by the bacterium R prowazekii, and the vector is the body louse.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2332.htm (3034 words)

	Typhus Disease Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It transmits typhus to humans and humans return the "favor" by infecting the louse, which is also a victim of the disease, seldom surviving its attack.
		Typhus truly is a disease of humans and lice; no animal reservoirs are known to be involved in the disease cycle.
		The conditions of war are perfect for typhus to explode into a raging epidemic because poverty, crowding, mass migrations, inadequate housing, and malnutrition encourage its spread.
	scarab.msu.montana.edu /historybug/typhus.htm (378 words)

	Jail Fever (Epidemic Typhus) Outbreak in Burundi
		Epidemic typhus began to decline at the end of World War II when DDT started to be used as an insecticide.
		Recently, an outbreak of typhus was suspected in a Burundi jail; we diagnosed epidemic typhus by amplifying and sequencing portions of the citrate synthase and the rOmpB genes of R.
		Epidemic typhus was suspected in a refugee camp in Goma, Zaire, in 1994, but the outbreak was unconfirmed (14).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol3no3/raoult.htm (1602 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Typhus
		Typhus is a rickettsial disease caused by one of two organisms, Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus and Brill disease) and Rickettsia typhi (murine or endemic typhus).
		Epidemic typhus and Brill disease are uncommon in the United States.
		For epidemic typhus, intravenous fluids and oxygen may be necessary to help stabilize the patient.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001363.htm (657 words)

	Typhus FAQ
		Typhus is a louse-borne disease that killed about 1/3 of those infected, and malnutrition and disease made it worse.
		Typhus is more specifically known as epidemic typhus, and differentiated from murine typhus and scrub typhus.
		It appears that typhus is as great a threat to Grantville, the United States, and indeed to the CPE as are invading armies - although the two go together, as invading armies are the typical vector for propagation of the disease.
	homepage.mac.com /msb/163x/faqs/typhus.html (2291 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 159, Rickettsial Diseases
		In murine typhus, which is milder than RMSF or epidemic typhus, the rash is nonpurpuric, nonconfluent, and less extensive; renal and vascular complications are uncommon.
		Patients with scrub typhus have all the clinical and pathologic manifestations of RMSF and epidemic typhus; however, scrub typhus occurs in different geographic areas, particularly in Malaya and northern Thailand.
		Severely ill patients with RMSF and epidemic typhus may have a marked increase in capillary permeability in later stages; IV fluids should be given cautiously to avoid worsening pulmonary and cerebral edema.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter159/159a.jsp (1378 words)

	Epidemic typhus traveller's health prevention against diseases abroad; vaccination, diseases, travel medicine, useful ...
		Epidemic typhus is caused by the organism Rickettsia prowowazekii.
		Outbreaks of epidemic typhus are rare except during periods when normal hygiene is disrupted, as in refugee camps arising from wars or natural disasters.
		Foci of epidemic typhus exist in impoverished and dislocated populations in the highlands of some parts of Africa and South America, but travellers are rarely at risk of acquiring lice and disease.
	www.traveldoctoronline.net /diseases/eptyphus.htm (202 words)

	CHAPTER VII
		Epidemic typhus fever is an acute febrile disease caused by infection with Rickettsia prowazeki.
		The course of epidemic typhus fever was thus shown to be modified favorably by prior vaccination with vaccine of either the Cox or the Craigie type.
		Karyorrhexis is common in the cells of the nodule of epidemic typhus and rare in that of scrub typhus.
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/wwii/infectiousdisvolii/chapter7.htm (13566 words)

	Typhus
		Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, which is carried by body lice.
		Epidemic typhus is now found in the mountainous regions of Africa, South America, and Asia.
		Brill-Zinsser disease is a reactivation of an earlier infection with epidemic typhus.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/typhus.jsp (957 words)

	Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella
		Epidemic typhus occurs among people living in crowded, unsanitary conditions such as those found in wars, famine and natural disasters.
		The fleas are the vector that transmit the disease.
		Epidemic typhus is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache myalgia and arthralgia, after an average incubation period of 8 days.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mayer/ricketsia.htm (3528 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Epidemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, is transmitted in the feces of the infected body louse.
		Typhus has been associated with war, famine, refugee camps, cold weather, and conditions that lead to domestic crowding and reduced personal hygiene, like those found in Algeria because of the ongoing civil war (1,2).
		The diagnosis of epidemic typhus was established by demonstrating increasing antibody titers from the acute to the convalescent- phase of illness, with the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) M to R. prowazekii (micro-immunofluorescence titer IgG
	ftp.cdc.gov /pub/EID/vol5no5/ascii/Niang.txt (517 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 159, Rickettsial Diseases
		In the USA, humans may occasionally contract epidemic typhus fever that is generally milder than classic typhus after contact with flying squirrels, their ectoparasites, or aerosolized lice feces; it is identified by serologic tests.
		Brill-Zinsser disease is a recrudescence of epidemic typhus, occurring years after an initial attack.
		Symptoms and signs of the illness are almost always mild and resemble epidemic typhus with similar circulatory disturbances and include hepatic, renal, and CNS changes.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section13/chapter159/159b.htm (403 words)

	eMedicine - Rickettsial Infection : Article by Mobeen Rathore, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Louse-borne (epidemic) typhus: The pathology is similar to that described for the spotted fever group of rickettsial diseases.
		Brill-Zinsser disease (ie, relapsing louse-borne typhus): This is analogous to primary louse-borne epidemic typhus.
		Typhus group (epidemic and endemic typhus): Delousing of individuals and use of insecticides to treat clothing are effective preventive measures against the spread of louse-borne typhus.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2015.htm (6185 words)

	Serological Differentiation of Murine Typhus and Epidemic Typhus Using Cross-Adsorption and Western Blotting -- La ...
		epidemic typhus, and 2 suffering from typhus of undetermined etiology.
		Epidemic typhus and murine typhus are arthropod-transmitted diseases caused by, respectively, Rickettsia prowazekii and R.
		Shown are typical Western blot patterns of sera from a patient with epidemic typhus (patient 2 in Table 1) (a), a patient with murine typhus (patient 6) (b), and a patient with typhus of undetermined etiology (patient 12) (c).
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/7/4/612 (4125 words)

	Online edition of Sunday Observer - Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Two species of rickettsiae, are known to cause the Typhus fever - 'Rickettsia Prowzekii' transmitted from man to man by body lice and 'Rickettsia Typhi' transmitted from domestic rats to man via rat flea or rat lice.
		In Sri Lanka flea-borne typhus is endemic to agricultural areas, mainly Hambantota, Matara and Ratnapura.
		Explaining the connection between the outbreak of Typhus and drought, he said that rats as well as fleas try to find a new environment for their survival when their surroundings becomes dry.
	www.sundayobserver.lk /2001/09/02/new17.html (610 words)

	Welcome to AJC! \| ajc.com
		Murine typhus (spread by rodents) is generally less severe than epidemic typhus.
		Typhus is a rickettsial disease caused by one of two organisms, R. prowazekii (epidemic typhus and Brill disease) and R. typhi (Murine or endemic typhus).
		Brill-Zinsser disease is a mild form of typhus, caused by reactivation of the disease in the body of someone who has been previously infected after a long period of dormancy.
	ajc.com /health/healthfd/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001363.html (285 words)

	Typhus, epidemic definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Typhus, epidemic: A severe acute disease with prolonged high fever up to 40° C (104° F), intractable headache, and a pink-to-purple raised rash, due to infection with a microorganism called Rickettsia prowazekii.
		Anne Frank died of epidemic typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
		Epidemic typhus is also known as classic typhus, European typhus, jail fever, louse-borne typhus, ship fever.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5881 (293 words)

	University of South Alabama College of Medicine Newsletter - The Beat
		Epidemic typhus is capable of producing tremendous morbidity and mortality especially in impoverished areas where the classical precipitating factors of extreme poverty and overcrowding exists.
		Human cases of epidemic typhus have been attributed to contact with the flying squirrel and its associated ectoparasites.
		The importance of the rickettsiae as agents of human disease is this: as one pathogen after another "emerges" to cause sickness and death, we must look at pathogens which exploit a niche that protects them from antibiotics and allows them to associate with lice, ticks and fleas that readily feed on humans.
	southmed.usouthal.edu /com/thebeat/jan96/organism.htm (804 words)

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