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Topic: Epidermis (skin)

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Stratum corneum

Cellular differentiation

Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

Melanocyte

Meristem

Vascular cambium

Red blood cell

Body hair

Cytoplasm

Sacrum

Shear

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Birthmark

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	Epidermis definition - Skin Diseases, Conditions, Symptoms, and Procedures on MedicineNet.com
		Epidermis: The upper or outer layer of the two main layers of cells that make up the skin.
		The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells.
		The other main layer of the skin is the dermis, the inner layer of skin, that contains blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles, and glands.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3278 (242 words)

	SIU SOM Histology INTRO
		Variations in skin color in different parts of the body (see regional differences) are based on variations in these elements, most especially the amount of pigment, the thickness of dermis, and the degree of perfusion in dermal capillaries.
		Texture: Skin texture is affected the thickness and smoothness of the epidermis, by the quality of fibers in the dermis, and by the amount of fluid in dermal connective tissue.
		Because the epidermis is continually being replenished by cell divisions among basal keratinocytes and because this tissue is exposed to a variety of insults, the epidermis is especially prone to disturbances of growth.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/intro/skin.htm (0 words)

	Skin (Integumentary) System Information
		The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a surface area of 18 square feet.
		The deepest layer of the epidermis, the stratum basale, is a single layer of cells resting on a basement membrane (layer between the dermis and epidermis).
		Skin color results from the presence of melanin, carotene (yellow to orange pigment), and underlying blood reflected through skin.
	www.besthealth.com /besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/html/skin_sys_fin.html (1711 words)

	Aging Changes In Skin - Women's Health News Story - KPRC Houston
		Skin changes and loss of subcutaneous fat, combined with a tendency to be less active, as well as some nutritional deficiencies and other illnesses contribute to pressure ulcers.
		Skin disorders are so common among older people that it is often difficult to tell normal changes from those related to a disorder.
		Skin disorders can be caused by many diseases including diabetes, liver disease, heart disease and blood vessel diseases such as arteriosclerosis.
	www.click2houston.com /womenshealth/6865271/detail.html (0 words)

	Exercise14 Skin
		When you skin an animal this is the "loose fascia" that's under the skin—the separation of the layers usually is at the dermo-hypodermal boundary, which is pretty indistinct in a microscope.
		The deepest layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale.
		The epidermis as a whole is enormously thickened, to deal with the wear on the surface; there's a distinct stratum lucidum visible as an additional layer between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab14/Lab14.htm (4593 words)

	Skin Cancer Information - GLOSSARY
		A dermatofibroma is a benign lesion or tumor of the skin that usually occurs on the legs of adults.
		The skin is coated with special oil and the dermascope light is shone at a special angle to the surface of the skin.
		Liquid nitrogen may be applied to the skin by spray bottle (canister), by cotton swab or by an intermediate transfer object other than swab to bring a low temperature to the skin lesion.
	www.skincancerinfo.com /glossary.html (8667 words)

	Skin Cancer
		Skin cancer is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the outer layers of your skin.
		Melanoma is a skin cancer (malignancy) that arises from the melanocytes in the skin.
		Aside from protecting your skin from sun damage, it is important to recognize the early signs of skin cancer.
	www.entnet.org /healthinfo/topics/skin_cancer.cfm (1108 words)

	Ridges and Furrows - Development of Friction Skin
		Skin is one of the largest organs of the body.
		The skin is a protective, pliable covering of the body, one that is continuously replaced.
		(90%) - responsible for waterproofing and toughening the skin
	www.ridgesandfurrows.homestead.com /friction_skin.html (1228 words)

	The epidermis
		The desquamation of cells on the skin's surface should naturally be compensated for by renewal of the epidermis, a process undertaken by the keratinocytes (85% of the cells in the epidermis).
		Staphylococcus epidermis and aureus, Propionibacterium, and Corynebacterium, particularly adapted to the acid environment of the hydrolipidic film, feed on the remains of corneocytes or cells from the sebaceous gland.
		The horny layer is generally thin (thin skin), except on the surface of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet (thick skin) where its thickness is considerable.
	www.skin-science.com /_int/_en/topic/topic_sousrub.aspx?tc=SKIN_SCIENCE_ROOT^AN_ORGAN_REVEALED^THE_EPIDERMIS&cur=THE_EPIDERMIS (1005 words)

	Skin Cancer General description (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Skin cancer begins in the epidermis, or outer layer of skin.
		Melanoma skin cancer begins in the melanocytes, the cells that produce the skin coloring or pigment known as melanin.
		Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers, affecting an estimated 700,000 Americans every year.
	www.health-alliance.com /cancer/Skin/general.html (827 words)

	Skin Care: Skin Cancer
		Skin Cancer Guide offers comprehensive information about how skin cancers function, who is at risk, where skin cancer develops, and most importantly, how to recognize and identify them.
		The purpose of self-examination is to assist in the early diagnosis of skin cancer.
		Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes - the cells that produce pigment.
	www.skincareguide.com /skin_cancer.html (523 words)

	Epidermis Summary
		The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin on the body.
		The deepest innermost layer is the stratum germinativum.
		epidermis (skin), in vertebrates, the outermost layer of the skin
	www.bookrags.com /Epidermis (407 words)

	ACS :: What Is Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer?
		It is formed to protect the deeper layers of the skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
		Skin cancers are divided into 2 general types: nonmelanoma and melanoma.
		Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the most common cancers of the skin.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1X_What_is_skin_cancer_51.asp (1562 words)

	The 3 skin layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat
		At the bottom of the epidermis is a very thin membrane, called the basement membrane, which attaches the epidermis firmly, though not rigidly, to the layer below.
		The junction between the epidermis and the dermis is not straight but undulates like rolling hills - more markedly so in some areas of the body than others.
		They are not present in the skins of unborn babies but rapidly develop after birth, and are very noticeable in a young person's skin when it is examined under the microscope.
	www.pg.com /science/skincare/Skin_tws_10.htm (529 words)

	Anatomy of the Skin
		The skin is the body's largest organ, covering the entire outside of the body and weighing approximately six pounds.
		The epidermis is the thin outer layer of the skin.
		The dermis is the middle layer of the skin.
	www.umm.edu /dermatology-info/anatomy.htm (367 words)

	intboth
		The epidermis is the upper layer of the skin.
		Skin color is determined by three pigments: melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.
		Hemoglobin gives fair-skinned people a pink hue to their skin due to the lack of melanin in the epidermis, which makes it almost transparent.
	library.thinkquest.org /11965/html/cyber-anatomy_intboth.html (282 words)

	[No title]
		Thus AHAs perform chemical peeling of the human skin, a process in which the outermost layer of dead skin cells (the stratum corneum) is removed, exposing the fresh living cells of the underlying basal cell layer (these two layers of cells together constitute the skin's epidermis).
		And AHAs also show keratolytic activity: photodamage (sun damage) to the skin results in hyperkeratosis; hyperkeratosis is a thickening of the skin's outer layer (the stratum corneum) containing keratin, a tough, protective protein (corns, calluses, and warts are all types of hyperkeratosis).
		The epidermis is the upper tough protective barrier layer of the skin, containing melanin which both protects against the skin from the harmful rays of the sun and gives the skin its unique color); melanin is produced by
	home.earthlink.net /~ckane/skin.htm (3003 words)

	The Biology of Skin , Aging Damage, Sun Damage, the Epidermis and Dermis, Firmness, Elasticity, Moisture, Elastin and ...
		The outer surface of the skin, the epidermis, is comprised of hard, flattened dead cells.
		The epidermis consists of three interwoven types of cells - the keratinocytes which make the protein keratin, the melanocytes which produces the suntanning pigment melanin which protects us from ultraviolet radiation, and the Langerhans cells which are part of the immune system and intercept foreign substances that try to pass through the skin.
		"Skin pH" is a chemist's term meaning "Potential of Hydrogen" and is used to measure the degree of acidity or alkalinity in the outer layers of the skin.
	www.skinbiology.com /skinhealth&aging.html (3785 words)

	Elaine Fuchs
		Skin is one of the few systems where adult stem cells can be maintained and propagated in the laboratory, a feature that greatly facilitates our studies.
		While fully grown adult skin does not need nearly as many stem cells as embryonic skin, the epidermis must be able to repair wounds and hairs must be able to regrow periodically throughout life.
		In the epidermis, the inner layer of cells is proliferative, while the stratified cells terminally differentiate and are shed in order to rejuvenate the skin surface continually.
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/fuchs.html (1529 words)

	Lipo Info
		Skin includes all of the structures of the skin from the epidermis to the fat or subcutaneous layer.
		The effect is to gently pull on the surface of the skin.
		Composed of a protective outer layer of nonliving keratin-derived scale cells, the epidermis acts as an envelope or seal against the environment and exerts some control on the amount of moisture lost to the environment.
	www.lipoinfo.com /glossary1.htm (5578 words)

	USNews.com: As the body's largest organ, skin is a powerful yet unappreciated veneer
		Lacing through the skin are blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat and oil-producing glands, all bathed in a plasma soup of chemical messengers, hormones, and roaming white blood cells.
		The skin also has a rich life as an endocrine organ, manufacturing hormones like vitamin D for the rest of the body, and steroids and thyroid hormone for its own use.
		The skin is also a critical outpost of the immune system, laden with specialized white cells that gobble up invading microbes and trigger a bodywide immunologic response.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/health/articles/051114/14skin.htm (866 words)

	Skin cancer
		Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of skin cells.
		Basal cell carcinoma develops from abnormal growth of the cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis and is the most common type of skin cancer.
		Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the Unites States.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/001442.htm (524 words)

	Your Skin - BioRap - epidermis
		Some parts of the skin are soft and flexible -- for example, the eyelids.
		People most at risk for skin cancer include adults who have light skin and hair, live where the sun shines brightly much of the year, and work outdoors or take vacations in sunny places.
		This is a cross-section of the epidermis, which is made up of many different types of skin cells.
	www.biorap.org /br5yours.html (217 words)

	The Whole Story on Skin
		You might be surprised to find out it's the skin, which you might not think of as an organ.
		Without skin, people's muscles, bones, and organs would be hanging out all over the place.
		Your epidermis is always making new skin cells that rise to the top to replace the old ones.
	www.kidshealth.org /kid/body/skin_SW.html (1391 words)

	eMedicine - Skin Resurfacing: Dermabrasion : Article by Don R Revis, Jr, MD
		Although in recent years the emphasis in treating facial skin aging has shifted away from dermabrasion and chemical peels and toward laser treatment, dermabrasion remains a useful modality with which the facial plastic surgeon should be familiar and prepared to offer to patients when the proper indications exist.
		The skin is composed of 2 mutually dependent layers, the epidermis and dermis, that rest on a fatty subcutaneous layer.
		A cornerstone of the evaluation of facial skin is the Fitzpatrick scale of sun-reactive skin types, which denotes patients' reactions to ultraviolet radiation and the existing degree of pigmentation.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic626.htm (3518 words)

	ACS :: What Is Melanoma Skin Cancer?
		The top layer of the skin, the epidermis, is very thin and serves to protect the deeper layers of skin and the organs.
		They are discussed in the American Cancer Society’s document "Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer." There are several types of non-cancerous (benign) tumors that develop from other types of skin cells.
		While having dark skin lowers the risk of melanoma, it does not mean that a person with dark skin will never develop melanoma.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_2_1X_What_is_melanoma_skin_cancer_50.asp?rnav=cri (414 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - Receptors
		The epidermis is the outside layer of your skin.
		Mucocutaneous: at the junction of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, and tongue.
		Hairy skin has an epidermal layer of 0.07 mm in thickness and a dermis of about 1-2 mm.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/receptor.html (260 words)

	skin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		More seriously, their skin is less well protected from the effects of the sun than the skin of younger people, making skin cancer more likely.
		This may be because their less elastic skin makes blood vessels in the skin more vulnerable to damage and because the blood vessel walls thicken and become more rigid.
		The skin damage is made worse by irritation from moisture and so sores are common in immobile incontinent patients.
	www.healthandage.com /html/res/primer/skin.htm (748 words)

	How your skin tans - SunSeekers Tanning Studios
		Cells in the epidermis' germinative layer (also called the living epidermis) are constantly reproducing and pushing older cells upward toward the horny layer (dead epidermis), where they are sloughed off in about one month.
		As your skin replaces its cells, the cells laden with melanin are removed.
		Your skin's epidermis consists of two layers: the germinative layer (sometimes called the "living" epidermis) and the horny layer (the "dead" epidermis).
	www.sunseekersusa.com /how-the-skin-tans.htm (489 words)

	Men's Skin Care
		VITAMIN A : Regulate epidermis cells growth and activity, increases skin general aspect, favours penetration into epidermis, stimulates skin cell growth, smoothes epidermis, decreases keratinisation, increases skin elasticity.
		Its compounds operate as cellular lures and order to skin cells to stimulate the synthesis of physiologic collagen.
		It moisturises and protects epidermis, makes skin suppler, smoother and thinner thanks to its regenerating and toning properties.
	manstouch.com /skinbody/pc0165.html (236 words)

	RENOVA: The ABCs of Aging Skin: A Glossary of Terms
		Dermis: The layer of the skin beneath the epidermis.
		The epidermis is highly cellular and divided into layers: the basal (bottom) layer that produces new cells and contains melanocytes or pigment-producing cells; a thick prickle cell layer; the granular cell layer and the stratum corneum or top layer.
		Photodamage: Skin damage and deterioration—fine wrinkling, brown patches and roughness—caused by long-term effects of everyday exposure to the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays.
	www.aboutrenova.com /agingskin.asp (380 words)

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