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| | Childbirth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In the past, a large proportion of women died from infection puerperal fever, but since the introduction of basic hygiene during parturition by Ignaz Semmelweis, this number has fallen precipitously. |
 | | An episiotomy is occasionally necessary to avoid tears involving the anal sphincter, but its routine use—once normal—has now been shown to be harmful. |
 | | Such procedures include caesarean sections, episiotomies, or emergency hysterectomies. |
| en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Childbirth (3285 words) |
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