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Topic: Epispadias

	Remedy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Epispadias is a rare congenital (present from birth) defect in the location of the opening of the urethra.
		In boys with epispadias, the urethra generally opens on the top or side (rather than the tip) of the penis, though it is possible for the urethra to be open the entire length of the penis.
		Epispadias occurs in 1 in 117,000 newborn boys and 1 in 484,000 newborn girls.
	www.remedyonline.com /encyclopedia/Ency.aspx?qu=001285.htm (323 words)

	Hypospadias and epispadias
		Epispadias (also called bladder exstrophy) is a congenital defect of males in which the urethra opens on the upper surface (dorsum) of the penis.
		Epispadias is due to a defect in the tissue that folds inward to form the urethra.
		Hypospadias and epispadias are congenital defects of the urinary tract.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/hypospadias_and_epispadias.jsp (1542 words)

	UrologyHealth.org - Epispadias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Epispadias represents a unique error in this process — the organization of the bladder and penis or clitoris has, for unknown reasons, gone awry resulting in a malformation of the external genitalia.
		The primary goals of treatment of epispadias are to: maximize penile length and function by correcting dorsal bend and chordee; and create functionality and cosmetically acceptable external genitalia with as few surgical procedures as possible.
		Several leading reconstructive surgeons have championed early repair of epispadias, especially in boys with penopubic or penile epispadias and all girls with the condition.
	www.urologyhealth.org /print/index.cfm?topic=92 (2500 words)

	Association for Bladder Exstrophy Community - Glossary
		Epispadias can also occur in females, occurring one in 400,000 live births.In male epispadias the urethra is open from the tip of the penis, back to under the pubic bone.
		In those patients which are known as complete epispadias, or penopubic epispadias, the penis is totally incontinent, just as in the exstrophy population.
		In the bladder exstrophy population(those patients with bladder exstrophy, cloacal exstrophy, and complete epispadias), there is no development of the urinary sphincter and thus, even after closure of the bladder or urethra, or both, there is still dripping of urine from the urethra.
	www.bladderexstrophy.com /glossary.htm (2894 words)

	eMedicine - Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Epispadias : Article by Fabio Santanelli, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Epispadias is an uncommon congenital malformation of the penis and is often part of the condition termed epispadias-exstrophy of the bladder.
		In females, epispadias consists of bifid clitoris with diastases of the corpora cavernosa, flattening of the mons, and separation of the labia.
		Epispadias is treated with the same technique as hypospadias located in the same anatomic position, with the exception that the repair is reversed and the epispadias reconstruction is on the dorsal surface.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic528.htm (2098 words)

	Exstrophy of the Bladder and Epispadias - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Epispadias is usually seen in combination with exstrophy of the bladder.
		With epispadias, the opening of the urethra, the hollow tube that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, is in an abnormal location.
		In girls with epispadias, the urethral opening may be positioned farther up the urethra and may be bigger and longer than normal.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-9178 (581 words)

	Epispadias
		The Hypospadias and Epispadias Association (HEA) is founded for the education and support of males with these conditions.
		Bladder Exstrophy is a congenital birth defect that is the malformation of the bladder and urethra, in which the bladder is turned...
		In boys with epispadias, the urethra generally opens on the top or side, rather than the tip, of the penis, though it is...
	www.health-nexus.com /epispadias.htm (252 words)

	Hypospadias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An enlarged prostatic utricle is common when the hypospadias is severe (scrotal or perineal), and can predispose to urinary tract infections, pseudo-incontinence, or even stone formation.
		A much rarer and unrelated type of urethral malformation is an epispadias.
		The Hypospadias and Epispadias Association, for men with these congenital penile differences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Epispadias (1281 words)

	Urology : What is exstrophy of the bladder? - New Hanover Wilmington, NC
		Epispadias is usually seen with exstrophy of the bladder.
		Epispadias occurs when the urethral opening, which is the hollow tube that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, is in an abnormal location.
		The second stage is usually done between age 1 and 2 and involves repairing the epispadias and other genital abnormalities.
	www.nhhn.org /15682.cfm (659 words)

	Hypospadias, exstrophy, epispadias, ambiguous genitalia, double vagina and other abnormalities of the female external ...
		Because of the rarity of bladder exstrophy and epispadias, many primary care givers may never see a case in an entire career.
		Epispadias may be more difficult to recognize, especially if the defect is covered by foreskin.
		The goals of successful bladder exstrophy and epispadias management are successful abdominal wall and bladder closure, satisfactory urinary continence, preservation of renal function, acceptable cosmesis, and appropriate sexual function.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals4a/abn_genit_female.htm (2001 words)

	ONE STAGE BLADDER EXSTROPHY AND EPISPADIAS REPAIR IN THE NEWBORN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Closure of the exstrophic bladder in the first days of life followed by epispadias at around age one has been the standard treatment for males with this anomaly.
		Recently, it has been shown that this procedure can be safely performed in a single stage, correcting both bladder exstrophy and the epispadias, during the newborn period.
		CONCLUSION : Bladder exstrophy and epispadias can be successfully repaired in a single stage procedure during the newborn period.
	www.auq.org /1998/27.html (191 words)

	Case of the Week 139 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Epispadias is a congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens dorsally on the penis.
		When the urethral opening is at the penopubic junction and the entire penis has a dorsal groove extending through the glans, the term penopublic epispadias is applied.
		Epispadias is rare--about 1 in 30,000 live births.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/COW/COW139.html (236 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Hypospadias and epispadias
		Once in about 300 male infants is born with hypospadias, and one in 100,000 is born with epispadias.
		Epispadias is associated with bladder abnormalities, and hypospadias with intersex problems--that is, babies whose sex is not obvious at birth because of related deformities of the sex organs.
		Epispadias is a lesser degree of exstrophy of the bladder, wherein the front wall of the bladder does not close.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0007/ai_2601000722 (749 words)

	eMedicine - Exstrophy and Epispadias : Article by Elizabeth B Yerkes, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Epispadias (male): The phallus is short and broad with upward curvature (dorsal chordee).
		Epispadias (female): The clitoris is uniformly bifid with divergent labia superiorly.
		Congenital upper urinary tract anomalies are uncommon with classic exstrophy and epispadias but are present in approximately one third of patients with cloacal exstrophy (eg, ectopic pelvic kidney, renal agenesis, hydronephrosis).
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic704.htm (5353 words)

	BLADDER EXSTROPHY : Contact a Family - for families with disabled children: information on rare syndromes and disorders
		The exstrophy epispadias complex is a spectrum of disorders ranging in severity from epispadias through bladder exstrophy to cloacal exstrophy.
		The diagnosis is usually made at birth, or increasingly prenatally, with the exception of female epispadias that may present with urinary incontinence.
		Children with epispadias may have normal urinary control, but the majority of both boys and girls with epispadias are incontinent.
	www.cafamily.org.uk /Direct/b21.html (845 words)

	Pediatric Urology - EPISPADIAS
		Epispadias is the appearance of an open urethra on the dorsal aspect of the penis in males.
		The extent of the defect may vary from a mild glandular defect to complete defects as seen in Classic Bladder Exstrophy.
		All forms of epispadias are associated with dorsal chordee.
	urology.jhu.edu /pediatric/diseases/DEx3.php (239 words)

	AAP: Complete Primary Repair for Bladder Exstrophy and Epispadias Technique Yields Good Long-Term Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		NEW ORLEANS, LA -- November 12, 2003 -- A reconstruction technique pioneered by in 1989 to repair exstrophy-epispadias complex continues to deliver good results and low complication rates over the long term, according to a study presented here November 2nd at the American Academy of Paediatrics national conference.
		Of these, 24 underwent the surgery within 48 hours of birth; 23 had classic bladder exstrophy and six underwent surgery for penopubic or female epispadias.
		After a mean follow-up for all patients of 58 months, CPRE has yielded good results, said chief investigator Richard Grady, MD. "Complication rates have been low, and 86% of the original patients have [achieved] daytime continence," he said, adding that CPRE also appears to be successful in preserving the upper urinary tract.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/23e542.htm (501 words)

	Misdiagnosis of Epispadias - CureResearch.com
		About misdiagnosis: When checking for a misdiagnosis of Epispadias or confirming a diagnosis of Epispadias, it is useful to consider what other medical conditions might be possible misdiagnoses or other alternative conditions relevant to diagnosis.
		These alternate diagnoses of Epispadias may already have been considered by your doctor or may need to be considered as possible alternative diagnoses or candidates for misdiagnosis of Epispadias.
		Epispadias as an alternative diagnosis: The other diseases for which Epispadias is listed as a possible alternative diagnosis in their lists include:
	www.cureresearch.com /e/epispadias/misdiag.htm (324 words)

	Gavin's hypospadias surgery
		Here are the groups that we belong to: Mums with hypospadias kids and Hypospadias and Epispadias Association Forum.
		The incompletely developed urethra may form an opening at the under side of the penis (hypospadias) or the upper side of the penis (epispadias).
		Environmental pollutants that resemble female hormones (estrogens) or interfere with male hormones may also play a role, but the studies were performed in animals and may not be relevant to humans.
	www.seeley-baechler.com /pics17_hypo.htm (840 words)

	Long-Term Urologic Outcome Suboptimal in Adult Exstrophy-Epispadias Patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Of the study population, 39 patients had classic bladder exstrophy, 7 had cloacal exstrophy, and 4 had epispadias.
		Three of the 4 patients with epispadias alone are incontinent.
		It is not known whether this group represents a sample of patients with particularly poor or good outcomes, he said.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/24d7f6.htm (534 words)

	Medical References: Genital and Urinary Tract Defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Epispadias is a related defect involving the urethra and genitals.
		In girls, the clitoris may be split, and the urinary opening also is abnormally placed.
		Up to half of children with epispadias have bladder control problems.
	www.marchofdimes.com /professionals/681_1215.asp (2242 words)

	Full Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Genetic studies of the Exstrophy-Epispadias complex Dr. Simeon Boyd, Assistant Professor Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Peditrics Blalock 1029/1032; sboyd@mail.jhmi.edu We have initiated a genetic epidemiologic study of congenital anomalies of the urinary tract system and external genitalia, focusing on the Exstrophy-Epispadias complex (EEC).
		This complex is a spectrum of midline urological defects ranging in severity from isolated epispadias through bladder exstrophy to cloacal exstrophy.
		This study was initiated in 2000 and is funded through the General Clinical Research Center of the Johns Hopkins University.
	oac.med.jhmi.edu /SummerResearch/FullInfo.cfm?ID=193 (227 words)

	Association for Bladder Exstrophy Community - What's New
		This center specializes in the care of children born with cloacal exstrohpy, bladder exstrophy, and epispadias.
		As part of our ongoing efforts to better understand cloacal and bladder exstrophy and epispadias, we are evaluating a potential association between the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technologies and the development of the cloacal-bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.
		We would like to invite families of children born with cloacal exstrophy, bladder exstrophy, or epispadias who underwent IVF to participate in our study.
	www.bladderexstrophy.com /whatsnew.htm (1036 words)

	UrologyHealth.org - Pediatric Conditions - Abnormalities - Epispadias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But a congenital condition called epispadias can produce a penis or vagina that not only performs inefficiently, but also looks abnormal.
		Today, most patients undergo epispadias reconstruction at 12 months or even earlier.
		Health policy advocacy is a primary responsibility of our affiliated professional entity, the American Urological Association, Inc.
	www.urologyhealth.org /pediatric/index.cfm?cat=01&topic=92 (2750 words)

	Epispadias - DrGreene.com - caring for the next generation
		My son just turned 4 and has what appears to my wife and I (and our child's urologist) to be the equivalent of a hidden/concealed penis.
		As you are aware, epispadias is not a common problem.
		It is impossible to cover every eventuality in any answer, which makes direct contact with your health care provider imperative.
	www.drgreene.com /21_1450.html (530 words)

	epispadias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Finally, at the time of cystoscopy elsewhere, it was noticed that she had a bifid clitoris and the diagnosis of epispadias was made.
		VCUG showed a pubic symphysis that was wider than normal (Figure 1) and a short urethra (Figure 2).
		She underwent epispadias repair and bladder neck reconstruction.
	www.duj.com /PUR/PUR14.html (102 words)

	epispadias - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "epispadias" is defined.
		Epispadias : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include epispadias: penile epispadias, penopubic epispadias, balanitic epispadias, coronal epispadias, balanic epispadias, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=epispadias (173 words)

	Johns Hopkins - Brady Urological Institute- John P. Gearhart, M.D.- PUBLICATIONS
		Peters, C.A., and Gearhart, J.P., Jeffs, R.D.: Epispadias and Incontinence: The Challenge of the Small Bladder.
		Gearhart, JP, Mathews, RI, Taylor, S and Jeffs, RD: Combined bladder closure and epispadias repair in the reconstruction of bladder exstrophy.
		Mathews RI, Gearhart JP: Combined bladder closure and epispadias repair in reconstruction of boys failing primary exstrophy closure.
	urology.jhu.edu /johngearhart/publications.php (4049 words)

	Introduction: Epispadias - CureResearch.com
		Epispadias: Penis birth defect with misplaced urethral opening
		Misdiagnosis and Epispadias: Research more detailed information about misdiagnosis of Epispadias, or research misdiagnosis of other diseases
		Treatments for Epispadias: Various information is available about treatments available for Epispadias, or research treatments for other diseases.
	www.cureresearch.com /e/epispadias/intro.htm (288 words)

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