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Topic: Epistemological realism

	Advances in the Philosophy of Technology
		The epistemological function of these operations is twofold: on the one hand, they are responsible for the structure of scientific objects; on the other, they constitute the grounds assuring intersubjectivity in the development of the scientific enterprise.
		Remember, in this respect, that epistemological realism includes two main characteristics, the ontological independence of the reality to be investigated, and the knowability of the world as a real possibility.
		Hence, the epistemological consequence of the technification of science is the necessity of introducing technological compatibility as one of the essential features of the operations imperative for the elaboration of scientific objects.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /ejournals/SPT/v4n2/QUERALTO.html (2910 words)

	episrealism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Realism in epistemology is the view that human knowledge or experience of an object is different from the object itself.
		The opponent of the epistemological realist is the epistemological idealist, who asserts that thought and reality are ultimately identical, there is no kind of reality apart from the reality of minds and their thoughts.
		Thus epistemological realism often is accompanied by metaphysical realism, the doctrine which accords reality to universals separate from their existence as thoughts or ideas in any mind.
	www.loyno.edu /~folse/episrealism.html (328 words)

	[No title]
		Epistemological reduction is concerned with the relationship between scientific theories: a theory can be reduced to another when it can be deduced from the latter.
		In fact, the failure of epistemological reduction is sufficient to guarantee the methodological autonomy of chemistry with respect to physics.
		Nevertheless, when we realize that different theories (or even different disciplines(are accepted at the same historical time and in the context of a single paradigm, we must also admit that different ontologies may coexist since each one of them is constituted by its corresponding theory.
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00001826/01/Ontological_Autonomy.doc (6694 words)

	John Dewey: Essays in Experimenal Logic: Chapter 10: Epistemological Realism: The Alleged Ubiquity of the Knowledge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At all events, upon the supposition of the ubiquity of the knowledge relation in respect to a self, presentative realism is compelled to accept the genuineness of the epistemological problem, and thus to convert itself into an epistemological realism, getting one more step away from both naïve and naturalistic realism.
		On the supposition of the ubiquity of the relation, realism and idealism exhaust the alternatives; if the ubiquity of the relation is a myth, both doctrines are unreal, because there is no problem of which they are the solution.
		It is impossible to overstate the significance, the reality, of the relation of self as knower to things when it is thought of as a moral relation, a deliberate and responsible undertaking of a self.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Dewey/Dewey_1916/Dewey_1916_10.html (3639 words)

	Realism
		Platonic realism is committed to the existence of acausal objects and to the claim that these objects, and facts about them, are independent of anyone's beliefs, linguistic practices, conceptual schemes, and so on (in short to the claim that these objects, and facts about them, are language- and mind-independent).
		What is challenged is the independence dimension of realism, the claim that the objects distinctive of the area exist, or that the properties distinctive of the area are instantiated, independently of anyone's beliefs, linguistic practices, conceptual schemes, and so on.
		The dispute [between realism and its opponents] concerns the notion of truth appropriate for statements of the disputed class; and this means that it is a dispute concerning the kind of meaning which these statements have (1978: 146).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/realism (11751 words)

	20th WCP: Epistemological Positions in the Light of Truth Approximation
		The negative answer amounts to the position of epistemological relativism, the positive answer may be called epistemological realism, with an instantial and a modal version, depending on whether all of these claims are just claims about the actual world or some about the real world.
		Theory realism shares with referential realism the claim that theoretical terms are supposed to refer, and that, from time to time, we have good reasons to assume that they refer, including the corresponding truth approximation claims.
		According to this extreme form of realism, the challenge of science is to uncover the ideal conceptualization, that is, to discover and extend the ideal vocabulary, on the basis of which perfect observational, referential and theoretical truths can be formulated.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Scie/ScieKuip.htm (3491 words)

	Contextualism in Epistemology [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The most prominent forms of epistemological contextualism are based either on Robert Nozick's subjunctive conditionals account of knowledge or on the relevant alternatives theory of knowledge that is associated with Fred Dretske and Alvin Goldman.
		His arguments for contextualism also count as arguments against epistemological realism, which is the view that even independently of contextual factors, there is a fact of the matter as to what kind of justification a belief requires.
		Williams argues that epistemological realism in general and DEP in particular are "contentious and possibly dispensable theoretical ideas about knowledge and justification" (Williams 1999b, p.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/c/contextu.htm (9878 words)

	Search Results for realism - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances.
		Realism is both an epistemological and a metaphysical doctrine.
		In its epistemological aspect, realism claims that at least some of the objects apprehended through perception are “public” rather than...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=realism&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (558 words)

	Three levels of interaction between science and philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I will argue that the method of science presupposes a basic gnoseological realism and that this realism is refined and enlarged by the progress of science, so that scientific truth provides a first clue for understanding the intelligibility of science.
		All this can be expressed as 'methodological realism', because it expresses "the reasoning involved in research, theoretical and experimental", and "does not rest on intentions or beliefs of the researcher", as does a realism that limits itself to assert that theories must have a referential interpretation.
		He argues in favour of "any form of realism (be it critical, scientific, convergent or hypothetical realism)" and against positivism, relativism and instrumentalism, and he uses his argument to show the "advantages" of ontological realism, so that realism "is to be preferred" to the other interpretations: cf Vollmer (1987), p.
	www.unav.es /cryf/threelevelsinteraction.html (7499 words)

	The Torch: Observational Dependence and the Construction of Theories
		Objectivity is simply one of the rules for formulating theories in classical physics, and even though an epistemological realism seems to be assumed, in practice it is not.
		This can be realized without discussion of the mathematical formalism, by studying a Gedankenexperiment which analyses the consequences of the indeterminacy relation for the measurement of the complementary variables position and momentum.
		The ‘real’ phenomenon of this interpretation therefore is the wave function of the universe, whereas the observer and the measurement itself are only parts of the systems described by the wave function.
	www.faklen.dk /en/the_torch/physpap.shtml (3359 words)

	[No title]
		Realism is speculative, hence fallible, as it provides hypotheses (or maps and plans) for locating ourselves in our natural and social surround.
		Realism chooses to exceed the (immediate) data: Fearing solipsism or the delusions of a self-certifying method, we prefer the uncertainty (fallibility) of hypothetical realism to the certain, though restricted (because anti-metaphysical) scope of its rival.
		Realism, therefore, claims to "deliver the (objective) goods." Yet the speculative nature of these reality-testing behaviors is undeniable, as our every factual claim and perceptual judgment is a hypothesis addressing a possible state of affairs.
	www.chss.montclair.edu /inquiry/fall95/johnson.html (2002 words)

	[No title]
		This obligation, however, is extremely demanding, so most writers evade it by taking ready-made rhetorics of political and epistemological realism from the storeroom of scholarly scripts as the right presentation of an objective presence for their theoretical embodiments of politics, reality, and the present.
		Epistemological realism, in turn, assumes that there are constant tendencies embedded in what is regarded as objective reality, and human observation can identify these stable patterns with fixed concepts as a means of reasoning through propositions about how this world works or what aspects of its structure mean.
		For political realism, territories are geographical areas that belong to, or are under the jurisdiction of, a specific political authority.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /tim/tims/Tim382.htm (9757 words)

	Contingent Scientific Realism and Instrumentalism
		One of them is to define physical reality to be composed of a set of all objects that are, in principle, within reach of man's experimental knowledge (directly or through the medium of theories).
		A conception according to which it is intrinsically impossible to describe independent reality as it really is even by making use of nonfamiliar concepts such as concepts derived from mathematical algorithms.
		By "near realism" Espagnat means any vision of the world in which all the elements of reality are supposed to be adequately descibed by notions such as Democritus' atoms or the objects around us.
	www.ditext.com /lashchyk/noa-c.html (5074 words)

	Logic: Theories of Knowledge
		Perceptions and things known are one (epistemological monism) and can only be known as ideas in the mind of the knower (epistemological idealism).
		Critical or representative realism (epistemological dualism) ascribes a critical role to mind in the formulation of knowledge.
		Realism separates object and knower; idealism holds that all objects belong to some knower; mysticism (intuitionism) holds that the objects and the knower belong to each other; they are one.
	www.theology.edu /logic/logic16.htm (1019 words)

	FQS 4(2) Weber: There Is No Objective Subjectivity in the Study of Social Interaction
		Scholars recognized a reality that was of a different kind than the recognizers' consciousness, knowledge, believes, etc. and they declared it the goal of science to gain knowledge of both ontological realms.
		A response to this crisis and to objections against realism was the methodologist approach to epistemology and science.
		Methodologist realism in the social sciences is generally ill-designed because there is no conceivable method that would allow an analyst to establish clearly and distinctly the aspects of an observation that are due to his/her way of looking at the data and the terms of these data in their own right.
	qualitative-research.net /fqs-texte/2-03/2-03weber-e.htm (6930 words)

	INPC #2: Abstract for "Epistemological Realism as an Intuitive Doctrine" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thus, at its deepest level, epistemological realism is the view that "empirical knowledge," by virtue of its singular and unified objectificatory structure, has "theoretical integrity" as a subject matter, constituting a genuine kind of thing which is properly subject to investigation at the very general level characteristic of traditional epistemological study.
		And this makes skepticism implausible, on his account, because epistemological realism is "a false -- or at least completely unsupported -- thesis," dependent upon a great deal of contentious philosophical doctrine.
		It is this last claim regarding the plausibility of epistemological realism with which I take issue with in this paper.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /inpc/2nd-1999/Abstracts/wilburn.htm (229 words)

	Critical Thinking and the Realism/Anti-realism Debate
		Much has been discussed about the virtues of epistemological realism and anti-realism, and their roles in defining and teaching critical thinking.
		On the other hand, Robert Sutton, an anti-realist, argues that "realism is in serious danger of falling into the pile of irrelevant Western ideas."[3] For, he maintains, the facts just do not stack up for realism.
		[4] According to the latter, objectivism and presumably realism is untenable since it overlooks the role of communities in essentially shaping the standards by which claims to knowledge are ultimately judged.
	pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th /~hsoraj/web/CT.html (4545 words)

	Jacques Maritain Center: Mariano Artigas
		Indeed, Popper's main concern when working on epistemological problems was to show that we should adopt a rational or humanist attitude which necessarily includes the recognition of the limits of our knowledge and the need of using the «trial and error elimination» method.
		It is most important, therefore, to realize that Popper's rationalism does not coincide with the meaning usually associated with this term as a philosophical position opposed to empiricism (52).
		There Popper strongly argues in favor of a metaphysical realism which recognizes the reality of a world independent of our will and also of an epistemological realism which considers the pursuit of a true knowledge of that world as the main objective of science.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/ti/artigas.htm (14463 words)

	KENNETH R. WESTPHAL - Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
		Strong evidence of Hegel's epistemological realism is interlaced throughout Harris's magnificent reconstruction of Hegel's early metaphysics, logic, and philosophy of nature.
		Reconciling epistemological realism with a socially grounded theory of knowledge is a large project.
		Hegel derives his epistemological desiderata from reflection on earlier theories of knowledge and on the skepticism of Sextus Empiricus.
	www.uea.ac.uk /~j018/HER-BLb.htm (3174 words)

	[No title]
		Perhaps the most general is this: we are realists with respect to objects of a kind K if we admit its existence independently of the existence of the object of a kind K. I will speak about relations between epistemological realism and semantic realism.
		Both formulas should be strengthened to equivalences if realism and anti-realism are to be fully comparable.
		My conclusion is that semantic realism as sound, but sematic antirelism is not.
	www.uvt.nl /faculteiten/fww/images/wolenski.doc (159 words)

	Search Results for sense-datum - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The epistemological interests of analytic philosophers in the first half of the 20th century were largely focused on the relationship between knowledge and perception.
		In this respect, logicians' prospects have been enhanced by the development of a semantical theory of modal logic, both in the narrower sense of modal logic, which is restricted to logical necessity...
		Around the turn of the 20th century, a strong revolt against Kantian subjectivism and the dominant Idealisms appeared in such thinkers as William James, a psychologist and Pragmatist; Bertrand...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=sense-datum&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (504 words)

	Amazon.com: Unnatural Doubts: Books: Michael Williams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The burden carried is referred to as epistemological realism, which is identical to foundationalism (and internalism), according to Williams.
		Williams concludes that the skeptic is conditionally correct: if we assume foundationalism or epistemological realism, skepticism is right: as Hume, we are skeptics in our studies but regular chess players and pipe smokers otherwise.
		Real life is permeated with real common sense, real knowledge, and real effective activities.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/069101115X?v=glance (1600 words)

	Representationalism
		Representationalism is the philosophical position that the world we see in conscious experience is not the real world itself, but merely a miniature virtual-reality replica of that world in an internal representation.
		The Epistemological Fact: It is impossible to have experience beyond the sensory surface.
		The long and tortuous History of the Epistemological Debate clearly indicates the powerful human tendency to favor a naive realist explanation.
	cns-alumni.bu.edu /~slehar/Representationalism.html (1295 words)

	JTB: K. Talmont-Kaminski, Predictive Error and Realism (1/2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Perhaps the most basic objection attacks metaphysical realism and is that all of these memories of predictive failure could be explained by nothing more than the workings of our complex mind.
		The significance of metaphysical realism is that there are things to be discovered by us, that we are capable of error, that, essentially, we must be humble.
		It is a very different universe, one that runs counter to common-sense or scientific realism but, as I had previously observed, metaphysical realism is a much weaker claim, one that is perfectly consistent which any number of bizarre 'realities', even the kind of solipsist ones necessary to explain the scope of what appears to us.
	www.jtb-forum.pl /jtb/papers/kt_pear.html (1553 words)

	The Future of Postliberal Theology
		Green says epistemological questions can’t be avoided, but he has his own particular way of addressing them.
		Aquinas believed that a Christianized epistemological realism is viable as a theory of truth.
		But in most philosophical discussion, he observes, realism usually means a commitment to the correspondence theory of truth, the law of the excluded middle and a nonepistemic view of truth.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2115 (3967 words)

	Page 12
		In the first part of this text, the justification for the priority of the actual over the possible seems to be epistemological in that experience teaches us that we have no concepts in our intellect for which we do not have corresponding perceptions.
		Since by Maritain’s own admission, epistemological realism depends on the metaphysical principle, the priority of the actual over the possible, two questions surface, the answers to which are very important for the defensibility of his critical realism.
		If things were not possible, they could never be real.
	www.usfca.edu /philosophy/newpage110.htm (312 words)

	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The fact that it ends in the attainment of “Absolute Knowing,” the standpoint from which real philosophy gets done, seems to support the traditionalist reading in which a “triumphalist” narrative of the growth of western civilization is combined with the theological interpretation of God's self-manifestation and self-comprehension.
		Crucially, the contrasting pair “essence” and “appearance” allow the thought of some underlying reality which manifests itself through a different overlying appearance, a relation not able to be captured in the simpler “being” structures.
		To think that our inarticulate sensations or feelings give us a truer account of reality than that of which we are capable via the scientific exercise of conceptualised thought indicates a type of irrationalist potential within Kantian thought, a potential that Hegel thought was being realised by the approach of his romantic contemporaries.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/hegel (7685 words)

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