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Topic: Epistemology

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Theory of justification

Problem of the criterion

Gettier problem

Regress argument

Reliabilism

KnowLedge

Philosophical scepticism

Propositional knowledge

Social epistemology

Coherentism

Foundationalism

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	[No title]
		Epistemology is the study of the valid forms of knowledge.
		Epistemology is one of the core areas of philosophy.
		Epistemology has been primarily concerned with propositional knowledge, that is, knowledge that such-and-such is true, rather than other forms of knowledge, for example, knowledge how to such-and-such.
	www.lycos.com /info/epistemology.html (532 words)

	Epistemology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Epistemology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature and scope of knowledge.
		In this article, and in epistemology in general, the kind of knowledge usually discussed is propositional knowledge, also known as "knowledge-that" as opposed to "know-how".
		This area of epistemology covers what is called "the regress problem", issues concerning epistemic distinctions such as that between experience and aprioricity as means of creating knowledge and that between analysis and synthesis as means of proof, and debates such as the one between empiricists and rationalists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Epistemology (3527 words)

	Epistemology - LoveToKnow 1911
		Epistemology is concerned rather with the possibility of knowledge in the abstract (sub specie aeternitatis, Ward, ibid.).
		In the evolution of thought epistemological inquiry succeeded the speculations of the early thinkers, who concerned themselves primarily with attempts to explain existence.
		Some thinkers have identified the two, while others regard Epistemology as a subdivision of logic; others demarcate their relative spheres by confining logic to the science of the laws of thought, i.e.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Epistemology (309 words)

	The Epistemology of Religion (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Since the topic of this article is the epistemology of religion not general epistemology I shall simplify matters by assuming that what is being evaluated is something related to faith, namely individual religious beliefs, and that the way of evaluating religious beliefs is as justified or unjustified.
		One difference between reformed epistemology and fideism is that the former requires defence against known objections, such as the Argument from Evil, whereas the latter might dismiss such objections as either irrelevant or, worse, intellectual temptations.
		One way of comparing reformed epistemology with Wittgensteinian fideism is to note that the former proposes a universal relaxation of the stringent conditions of evidentialism while the latter only proposes a relaxation for the case of religious beliefs.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /entries/religion-epistemology (3926 words)

	Epistemology - CreationWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with knowing and the methods of obtaining knowledge.
		Biblical epistemology is the study of knowledge that is obtained from the Bible.
		Epistemology is at the heart of Biblical apologetics.
	www.creationwiki.net /index.php?title=Epistemology (399 words)

	20th WCP: Two Points Against Naturalized Epistemology
		Epistemology in its new setting, conversely, is contained in natural science, as a chapter of psychology.
		Epistemology, for Maffie, continues to address pre-scientific questions such as "Can humans acquire knowledge of themselves and their environment?" and "Do we really know what we claim to know?" as well as extra-scientific questions such as., "Does science yield knowledge?".
		Second, Quine’s conception of epistemology as a study of the input-output relation led him and others to some epistemological questions that, I doubt, they are within the scientists domain of research, but form a distinctive province of inquiry.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/TKno/TKnoDarw.htm (4698 words)

	Epistemology Summary
		Epistemology, Religious [addendum] The most significant development in religious epistemology at the beginning of the new millennium was the completion of Alvin Plantinga's trilogy on warrant and religious knowledge.
		Epistemology, History Of Epistemology, or the theory of knowledge, is that branch of philosophy which is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, its presuppositions and basis, and the general reliability of claims to knowledge.
		Epistemology is the branch of philosophy which studies the nature and scope of knowledge.
	www.bookrags.com /Epistemology (494 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the origin, nature, justifications, and limits of truth and human knowledge, so that all other beliefs may be evaluated.
		Another contemporary approach to epistemology divides the approaches into two categories: foundationalism and coherentism.
		See also: Self-evidence, theory of justification, the regress argument in epistemology, a priori and a posterior knowledge, knowledge, scepticism, Common sense and the Diallelus, social epistemology, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics, philosophy, ontology, reason, philosophy of science, science education.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/e/ep/epistemology_1.html (1617 words)

	math lessons - Epistemology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge.
		In the 1960s, Edmund Gettier criticised the Theaetetus definition of knowledge by pointing out situations in which a believer has a true belief justified to a reasonable degree, but not to a certainty, and yet in the situations in question, everyone would agree that the believer does not have knowledge.
		Much of the history of epistemology is the story of conflicting philosophical doctrines claiming that this or that type of knowledge statement has special status.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Epistemology (2212 words)

	20th WCP: Normalizing Naturalized Epistemology
		Naturalized epistemologies challenge the tradition in arguing that the description of cognitive processes is a more central epistemological concern than the search for foundations and principles of justification.
		Descriptive epistemology (either a narrowly construed evolutionary epistemology or a more broadly construed naturalized epistemology) supplements this account with a psychological account or a genetic account of the origin of human knowledge.
		The second option, endorsed by Quine in "Epistemology Naturalized" is to abandon the pretence of classical epistemology to be the foundation of knowledge and employ all available means to produce a construction of what we know, using psychology and whatever.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/TKno/TKnoBrad.htm (2837 words)

	Plato: Phaedrus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that concerns itself with knowledge (episteme in Greek).
		Epistemology explores the question of how we are able to "know" anything and how we can be sure of that knowledge.
		It is interested in the makeup of the human mind, the mind's relationship with the phenomena of the external world, and the origin and nature of ideas.
	maven.english.hawaii.edu /criticalink/plato/terms/epistemology.html (62 words)

	Epistemology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		According to a moderate version of naturalistic epistemology, one primary task of epistemology is to identify how knowledge and justification are anchored in the natural world, just as it is the purpose of physics to explain phenomena like heat and cold, or thunder and lightning in terms of properties of the natural world.
		When construed in a non-controversial way, the subject matter of feminist epistemology consists of issues having to do with fair and equal access of women to, and their participation in, the institutions and processes through which knowledge is generated and transmitted.
		"Non-Foundationalist Epistemology: Holism, Coherence, and Tenability." In: Steup and Sosa 2005, pp.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/epistemology (17309 words)

	Virtue Epistemology [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Code argues that epistemology should be oriented on the notion of epistemic responsibility and that epistemic responsibility is the chief intellectual virtue; however, she makes no attempt to offer a definition of knowledge or justification based on these concepts.
		A firmer grasp of the field of virtue epistemology can be achieved by considering, for each branch of virtue epistemology, how some of its main proponents have conceived of the nature of an intellectual virtue and how they have employed virtue concepts in their theories.
		She believes that the scope of traditional epistemology is too narrow and that it overemphasizes the importance of analyzing abstract doxastic properties (e.g., knowledge and justification) (253-54).
	www.iep.utm.edu /v/VirtueEp.htm (6365 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - Evolutionary Epistemology
		If we are to take the variety of ways in which the evolutionary perspective has infused and been used in biology as a model, the directions in which EE has gone so far have exploited but a tiny fraction of the resources available to such a perspective.
		Evolutionary Epistemology is the attempt to explain animal and human cognition, including science, in a Darwinian fashion.
		• Derksen, The Promise of Evolutionary Epistemology, 1998
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Areas/EE.html (456 words)

	Epistemology
		Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge.
		With an incorrect epistemology, we would not be able to distinguish truth from error.
		The degree to which our epistemology is correct is the degree to which we could understand reality, and the degree to which we could use that knowledge to promote our lives and goals.
	www.importanceofphilosophy.com /Epistemology_Main.html (270 words)

	Genetic Epistemology
		GENETIC EPISTEMOLOGY attempts to explain knowledge, and in particular scientific knowledge, on the basis of its history, its sociogenesis, and especially the psychological origins of the notions and operations upon which it is based.
		For many philosophers and epistemologists, epistemology is the study of knowledge as it exists at the present moment; it is the analysis of knowledge for its own sake and within its own framework without regard for its development.
		The fundamental hypothesis of genetic epistemology is that there is a parallelism between the progress made in the logical and rational organisation of knowledge and the corresponding formative psychological processes.
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/piaget.htm (4839 words)

	Epistemology : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		The historically dominant tradition in epistemology answers that question by claiming that it is the quality of the reasons for our beliefs that converts true beliefs into knowledge (see Epistemology, history of).
		The second tradition in epistemology, the naturalistic tradition, does not focus on the quality of the reasons for beliefs but, rather, requires that the conditions in which beliefs are acquired typically produce true beliefs (see Internalism and externalism in epistemology; Naturalized epistemology).
		The contrast between normative and naturalized epistemology is apparent in the way in which each addresses one of the most crucial issues in epistemology, namely, scepticism (see Scepticism).
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/P059 (1992 words)

	epistemology - Encyclopedia.com
		epistemology [Gr.,=knowledge or science], the branch of philosophy that is directed toward theories of the sources, nature, and limits of knowledge.
		epistemology has been one of the fundamental themes of philosophers, who were necessarily obliged to coordinate the theory of knowledge with developing scientific thought.
		Réné Descartes and other philosophers (e.g., Baruch Spinoza, G. Leibniz, and Blaise Pascal) sought to retain the belief in the existence of innate (a priori) ideas together with an acceptance of the values of data and ideas derived from experience (a posteriori).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-epistemo.html (655 words)

	Stephen Hetherington (ed.) - Epistemology Futures - Reviewed by Bruce Russell, Wayne State University - Philosophical ...
		So perhaps in epistemology it can be permissible for one person to believe some proposition relative to some total body of evidence and for another to suspend judgment, or to disbelieve, relative to that same body of evidence.
		Further, neither the empirical nor the pragmatic approaches to epistemology seem promising because they both presuppose some conception of justification when they try to determine the essence of, say, knowledge, what the relevant pragmatic goals are, and whether those goals will likely be achieved by adopting particular epistemic rules.
		But this just means that epistemology should broaden its scope, not that it should adopt a new methodology or turn away from investigating knowledge and justification a priori.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=8963 (2621 words)

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