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Topic: Epistemology of religion

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	Reformed epistemology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reformed epistemology is the title given to a broad body of epistemological viewpoints relating to God's existence that have been offered by a group of Protestant Christian philosophers that includes Alvin Plantinga, William Alston, and Nicholas Wolterstorff among others.
		Reformed epistemology aims to demonstrate the failure of objections that theistic Christian belief is unjustified, unreasonable, intellectually sub-par or otherwise epistemically-challenged in some way.
		Reformed epistemology seeks to defend faith as rational by demonstrating that epistemic propositions of theistic belief are properly basic and hence justified; as opposed to the truth of theistic belief.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reformed_epistemology (625 words)

	John Hick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Professor John Hick (born 1922) is an important and influential philosopher of religion and theologian.
		In philosophical theology, he has made major contributions to theodicy, eschatology, and christology, while in the philosophy of religion he has had great influence on epistemology of religion and religious pluralism.
		The inclusivists believe that some other religions should be seen as partly included in the overall scheme of salvation that is more perfectly represented by their own religion; exclusivists believe that salvation (or liberation) cannot be had in any religious tradition besides their own.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Hick (1723 words)

	Philosophy of Religion
		Religion and Science: Arguably, in the course of Western intellectual history, the rise of Christian theology and the development of modern science stand alone as the most influential and widespread among all the different ideas, theories, and developments since the beginning of recorded history.
		Analytic philosophy of religion is a predominantly English‑speaking enterprise and, hence, a predominantly Western enterprise.
		Religion is assumed as personal, as responsibilty before God, as a concrete living relation with Christ as the paradox of the finite and of the infinite.
	www.wordtrade.com /religion/philosophyreligion2R.htm (8976 words)

	Epistemology
		According to a moderate version of naturalistic epistemology, one primary task of epistemology is to identify how knowledge and justification are anchored in the natural world, just as it is the purpose of physics to explain phenomena like heat and cold, or thunder and lightning in terms of properties of the natural world.
		When construed in a non-controversial way, the subject matter of feminist epistemology consists of issues having to do with fair and equal access of women to, and their participation in, the institutions and processes through which knowledge is generated and transmitted.
		"Non-Foundationalist Epistemology: Holism, Coherence, and Tenability." In: Steup and Sosa 2005, pp.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/epistemology (17319 words)

	The Epistemology of Religion
		Contemporary epistemology of religion may conveniently be treated as a debate over whether evidentialism applies to the belief-component of religious faith, or whether we should instead adopt a more permissive epistemology.
		Since the topic of this article is the epistemology of religion not general epistemology I shall simplify matters by assuming that what is being evaluated is something related to faith, namely individual religious beliefs, and that the way of evaluating religious beliefs is as justified or unjustified.
		One way of comparing reformed epistemology with Wittgensteinian fideism is to note that the former proposes a universal relaxation of the stringent conditions of evidentialism while the latter only proposes a relaxation for the case of religious beliefs.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/religion-epistemology (3921 words)

	The Epistemology of Religion
		Since the topic of this article is the epistemology of religion not general epistemology I shall simplify matters by assuming that what is being evaluated is something related to faith, namely individual religious beliefs, and that the way of evaluating religious beliefs is as warranted or unwarranted.
		One difference between Reformed Epistemology and Fideism is that the former requires defence against known objections, such as the Argument from Evil, which the latter might dismiss such objections as either irrelevant or, worse, intellectual temptations.
		Reformed Epistemology may be thought of as a modification of Evidentialism in which the permissible kinds of evidence are expanded.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/spr2002/entries/religion-epistemology (3540 words)

	The Ayn Rand Institute: Religion vs. America
		Religion means orienting one's existence around faith, God, and a life of service--and correspondingly downgrading or condemning four key elements: reason, nature, the self, and man. Religion cannot be equated with values or morality or even philosophy as such; it represents a specific approach to philosophic issues, including a specific code of morality.
		The consequence of the epistemology of religion is the politics of tyranny.
		The threat to divine religion, he says, is the "indifference which prevails" and the "ridicule." Mankind, he warns, is in "great danger of being laughed out of religion." (11) This was true; these preachers were not alarmists; their description of the Enlightenment atmosphere is correct.
	www.aynrand.org /site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5360 (6853 words)

	Capitalism and Religion - Isn't Capitalism opposed to freedom of religion?
		Religion is hierarchically below than socialism; religion is a complete outlook of the world (it deals with more fundamental issues); socialism (as conventionally used) is concerned with politics/economics.
		Religion -- a pre-philosophical outlook -- is a perfect philosophical base for socialism.
		Religion is a primitive form of philosophy, because it attempts to provide a theory of the nature of man, man's place in the universe, and a guide to human action.
	www.capitalism.org /faq/religion.htm (500 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Metaphysics and Epistemology :: Science and Religion: Equal Perspectives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Religion: A set of beliefs, values, and practices based on the teachings of a spiritual leader.
		Religion and science are two perspectives on reality and life and neither are more valid then the other in uncovering truth and both are nessecary tools for comtemplating philsophers to form their own perpective.
		Religion and science should not at war nor should there be a connection between them they should both be understood as being two fair outlooks searching for the same conclusion.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-3245.html (2198 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		'Epistemology' is the philosopher’s term for the study of knowledge, belief, etc. Much of it focuses on grounding for what we believe or say we know.
		The first one looks at epistemology in general, whether we should trust our senses, whether science is any better than using crystal balls to figure out anything about the nature of things, and so on.
		Some of it is just standard reliabilism in epistemology, the view that we can know things simply by having some reliable process by which we believe it (even if we can’t know or show that the process is reliable).
	web.syr.edu /~jrpierce/apologetics.htm (891 words)

	Religion, philosophy of : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		Philosophy of religion is philosophical reflection on religion.
		Philosophy of religion is sometimes divided into philosophy of religion proper and philosophical theology.
		This distinction reflects the unease of an earlier period in analytic philosophy, during which philosophers felt that reflection on religion was philosophically respectable only if it confined itself to mere theism and abstracted from all particular religions; anything else was taken to be theology, not philosophy.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/K113 (1430 words)

	hfhfhf
		PHI 3700 is an introductory course in the philosophy of religion, designed to explore major philosophical issues in religion and using the Western theistic religions as a focus.
		However, Eastern religions will be included in some issues of the course as well.
		The course does not presuppose any particular background in religion but does assume that the student at least has an active interest in matters concerning religion.
	www.cas.usf.edu /philosophy/syllabi/F2004syllabi/phi3700phireligionf04matusek.htm (1086 words)

	Teaching Minds, Changing Hearts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The final result for John Hick’s adaptation of Kant’s epistemology is that all religions are best understood "as different phenomenal experiences of the one divine noumenon."7 Thus, the religious Ultimate is never directly encountered by experience, but is an inference from religious experience.
		Hick provides a soteriological criterion for grading all religions which is "the gradual transformation of human existence from self-centredness to Reality-centredness."20 When this criterion is offered, it comes dangerously close to the absolute claims Hick is so eager to avoid.
		Accordingly, any effort to develop a tenable Christian epistemology of religion, ought to insist that human experience and reason comports with a logically consistent, historically responsible, and biblically faithful position as an adequate basis from which to begin.
	www.tmch.net /onreligplural.htm (5148 words)

	Philosophy of Religion
		Truth in Religion: The Plurality of Religions and the Unity of Truth (1990).
		Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion (Macmillan, 1969).
		Philosophy of Religion: An Introduction (Wadsworth, 1978; 2nd ed., 1993).
	www.ditext.com /philof/pr.html (1687 words)

	George I. Mavrodes: Revelation in Religious Belief - Print (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Locating the topic of revelation within the broader field of the epistemology of religion, he discusses the possibilities of divine action in the world in terms of three categories: the Causation Model, the Manifestation Model, and the Communication Model.
		Addressing the content of revealed theology, Mavrodes acknowledges that these categories fail to be mutually exclusive, and admits that some of what he describes as revelation does not fit easily into that definition.
		George I. Mavrodes is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Michigan and author of Belief in God: A Study in the Epistemology of Religion.
	www.temple.edu /tempress/titles/562_reg_print.html (301 words)

	[No title]
		RELIGION: hundreds of different definitions of religion exist each reflecting either a scholarly or a DOGMATIC bias depending in the last resort on the PRESUPPOSITIONS of the person making the definition.
		In the study of RELIGION it means "traditional religious behavior or actions." The ritual element in religion cannot easily be separated from FAITH and BELIEF.
		The impact of romanticism on RELIGION and THEOLOGY is immense.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~nurelweb/books/concise/WORDS-R.html (4725 words)

	Apollos.ws - Miscellaneous Religious Epistemology
		Religious Epistemology: Epistemology is the study of knowledge.
		One of the most rapidly developing areas of Philosophy of Religion has been the exploration of the epistemic status of religious truth claims, their rationality, and warrant.
		There is an important relationship, then, between natural theology and the branch of philosophy known as the theory of knowledge or epistemology, which is concerned with the nature, origin, and extent of knowledge, as well as related concepts such as truth, rationality, justification, and belief formation.
	www.apollos.ws /miscellaneous-religious-episte (2242 words)

	Epistemology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		But epistemology has a role to play for the rest of us as well.
		One of the clearest examples of what we mean by epistemology that I can think of is the difference between fundamentalist Christians, devote Roman Catholics, and those of a more liberal religious persuasion.
		This could be done by clicking on one of the links those sites point to, but would better be done by doing a search under words like "millennium," or "epistemology," or "women and knowing." The results of that work will form part of the basis for class on Thursday.
	www.uvm.edu /~dhowell/lies4thedition/Classfolder/Epistemology/ClassNotes10-12.html (1992 words)

	HERS Output
		An examination of the cultural history of the study of religion from early modernity to the present, in the university as a new academic discipline and in other venues, including missions, colonial engagements, museums, and exhibitions.
		Religion is viewed not simply as abstract ideas but in relation to social context and the lived religious practices of Catholics around the world.
		Topics include religions of immigrants and migrants; religion and race; new religious idioms (such as Pentecostalism) and the reinvention of traditions in response to the challenges of modern culture; religious constructions of social and moral issues (e.g., abortion and workers’ rights), the religious response to urbanization and suburbanization, religion and gender.
	www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu /Courses/TheStudyofReligion.html (12026 words)

	PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
		Investigation of philosophical relationships between religion and science from the Renaissance to the present day, emphasizing methodological and conceptual issues.
		Southern religion and its cultural, racial, and political impact from the Great Awakening to the present.
		Selected problems in religion in the American South; e.g., biblical defenses of racial practices, the slave religion controversy, interrelation of evangelical theology and political involvement.
	www.olemiss.edu /course_cat_index/course_catalog2000/html/Courses_of_instruction/sections/Phil_and_Rel.htm (895 words)

	Philosophy of Religion
		Religion page, and the following list covers a much wider range of publications than simply the philosophical.
		The objective is to provide a systematic bibliography of journal articles which contribute in various ways to the the academic study of religions.
		Philosophy of Religion page, offering introductory discussions of some of the main questions in the area in an "attempt to demystify the philosophy of religion".
	users.ox.ac.uk /~worc0337/phil_topics_religion.html (1332 words)

	GLOBAL PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION:
		Since that symbolic world [that is ingredient to traditional Christianity] is crumbling or has crumbled the times call for a wholly secular account for the Christian faith, not just for the sake of its appeal to the third world, but primarily for the sake of those who inhabit, the contemporary, scientifically minded Western world.
		There are global issues in the philosophy of religion, and a number of those are addressed here.
		Those who are in the country, but have their backs turned towards the king's palace, are those who possess religion, belief, and thought, but happen to hold false doctrines...These are worse than the first class...
	www.oneworld-publications.com /books/texts/global-philosophy-of-religion-intro.htm (4019 words)

	Graduating from Cult to Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A religion is a social organisation, and the sociology of religion is about social organisation, not about the beliefs or rituals of its members, except in so much as they illustrate social variables, or have functional and causal relationships.
		As a religion, it will not be seen so much as a deviation but as a mainstream organisation.
		Sitharta was charismatic, and originated the cult, but for the religion to survive, it had to develop mechanisms of succession of leadership.
	www.scn.org /cmp/modules/soc-cult.htm (467 words)

	Science and the Sacred Lecture Series
		She is the author, with sociologist of science Dorothy Nelkin, of "The DNA Mystique: The gene as a cultural icon" (1995 W.H. Freeman) and also of a study of post-war radiation genetics, "Suffering Made Real: American Science and the Survivors at Hiroshima" 1994 Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
		Description: An attempt at a definition of religion is presented both from an historical perspective and from a transdisciplinary one involving philosophy, anthropology, and especially neuropsychology.
		Two major components of religion are then so analyzed: first, the aspect of religion aimed at control of the environment is examined as a neuropsychological system of self-maintenance, and secondly, the production of altered state of consciousness is considered as a a neuropsychological system of self-transcendence.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~grassie/8Lectures.html (2169 words)

	Philosophy, Religion and Classical Studies - Faculty
		He specializes in the study of applied ethics and epistemology and teaches courses in logic.
		Assistant Professor of Religion Thomas W. Martin received is D. Phil at Oxford University.
		He specializes in contemporary philosophy of religion and epistemology, Wittgenstein, and American pragmatism.
	www.susqu.edu /prcs/faculty.htm (436 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In Defence of a Naturalised Epistemology: Hilary Kornblith (University of Vermont).
		Social Epistemology: Frederick Schmitt (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).
		Procedural Epistemology - At the Interface of Philosophy and AI: John L. Pollock (University of Arizona).
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /bookxml.asp?isbn=0631202919 (125 words)

	Philosophy, Photography and Religion at Cloud
		Acquaints the student with five major areas of philosophy: logic, epistemology, ethics, religion and contemporary thinking.
		Consideration will be given to the more traditional denominational bodies along with nontraditional that have become a part of the religious scene in America in recent history.
		The course will focus upon the basic teachings of each of the major religions of the world, their founders, geographic distribution and importance in the theological world.
	www.cloud.edu /courses/phil_trv.htm (332 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: God and Other Spirits
		Various objections are examined against the thesis of the book, including the view that the concepts of religion are mythopoeic, the claim that naturalism as it is presently known is adequate to explain all phenomena, and the position that Christian theism is incoherent.
		The plausibility of contextual realism is defended according to which separate domains of critical inquiry have epistemic independence from one another, so that ontological reduction is neither routinely imposed on religious claims nor deemed to be impossible.
		The author calls for “naturalizing epistemology” of religion, following W. Quine, which requires paying more attention than classical empiricism has given to the circumstances in which educated and articulate adults adopt beliefs, including beliefs that accommodate God and other spirits.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/religion/0195140125/toc.html (308 words)

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