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Topic: Epithelial

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	Epithelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Other epithelial cells line the insides of the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive and urinary tracts, and make up the exocrine and endocrine glands.
		Epithelial cells sit on a basal lamina (formerly called a basement membrane).
		Glands are formed from the invagination / infolding of epithelial cells and subsequent growth in the underlying connective tissue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Epithelial_cell (615 words)

	Epithelial tissue
		Epithelial tissue that occurs on surfaces on the interior of the body is known as endothelium.
		Epithelial tissue, regardless of the type, is usually separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue; basement membrane.
		Columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells often become specialised as gland cells which are capable of synthesising and secreting certain substances such as enzymes, hormones, milk, mucus, sweat, wax and saliva.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /sci_ed/grade10/mammal/Epithelial.htm (838 words)

	SIU SOM Histology INTRO
		Even when an epithelial surface seems to be penetrated by a hole (such as a the pore of a gland) that hole is really just an invagination of the epithelium (i.e., the glandular duct is itself lined by epithelium, and the secretory portion of the gland is also epithelial tissue).
		Polarization of epithelial cell structure is particularly evident in secretory and absorptive cells where the arrangement of intracellular organelles reflects the directional transport of material.
		In contrast, because many epithelial cells are actively manufacturing, secreting, absorbing or dividing, epithelial cells usually have conspicuous cytoplasm and large, relatively euchromatic nuclei (with finely granular chromatin) and with prominent nucleoli.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/intro/epith.htm (2143 words)

	Generation of a complete thymic microenvironment by MTS24+ thymic epithelial cells - Nature Immunology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The epithelial component of the thymic microenvironment is indispensable for the generation of T lymphocytes.
		E15.5 thymic epithelial cells were chosen for this study because we considered this developmental stage to be the first point at which epithelial differentiation into cortical or medullary epithelium had occurred, providing a clear demarcation between potential precursor and committed epithelial cells.
		epithelial progenitor cells have the capacity to differentiate sufficiently to regenerate an intact thymic epithelial compartment.
	www.nature.com /ni/journal/v3/n7/full/ni812.html (5660 words)

	D'Eyealogues - Fixing Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy
		Corneal epithelial adhesion was assessed immediately preoperatively using a cellulose surgical sponge (adhesion test), and the incidence, extent, and location of epithelial defects occurring during the microkeratome incision of the corneal flap were recorded.
		Transmission electron microscopy of all epithelial debridement specimens disclosed consistent abnormality of the basement membrane adhesion complex, as thickened and multilaminated basement membrane remained adherent to the intact epithelial sheet.
		Corneal epithelial dysadhesion and defects occurring in the course of LASIK surgery may be associated with an intrinsic compromise of the basement membrane adhesion complex, as evidenced clinically by the adhesion test and demonstrated pathologically by duplicated basement membrane
	www.lasermyeye.org /forums/printthread.php?t=219 (1261 words)

	Epithelial-Fibroblast Interactions in Bleomycin-induced Lung Injury and Repair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Epithelial cells were cultured alone, on a permeable filter over fibroblasts, and in co-culture with fibroblasts.
		Evidence of epithelial control of fibroblast growth has also been found in organ culture studies in which fibroblast growth is promoted in the absence of epithelium and is controlled as the epithelial surface is restored (23,24).
		The existence of a fibroblast-derived growth factor for epithelial cells could be important in providing a stimulus to lung repair after type I cell necrosis, when rapid regeneration of the epithelial surface by type 2 cell proliferation is a key event in the restoration of normal lung structure (23,28).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1993/101-1/young-full.html (4322 words)

	Animal Tissues
		Epithelial tissue is made of closely-packed cells arranged in flat sheets.
		The apical surface of epithelial cells is exposed to the "external environment", the lumen of the organ or the air.
		The entire sheet of epithelial cells is attached to a layer of extracellular matrix that is called the basement membrane or, better (because it is not a membrane in the biological sense), the basal lamina.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalTissues.html (892 words)

	2740 EPITHELIAL TISSUES
		All epithelial tissues are found on a surface.
		These cells come off the stratified squamous epithelial tissue on the inner surface of the cheek.
		These cells show the irregular, flat shape characteristic of typical "squamous cells." The nucleus (A) is centrally located, the cell membrane (C) is very thin, and the cell is filled with cytoplasm (B).
	www.unomaha.edu /hpa/2740epithelium.html (553 words)

	CHEST: Is asthma an epithelial disease? - The Thomas L. Petty 37th Aspen Lung Conference: Asthma - Structure and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Neutrophil chemotactic activity is released by airway epithelial cells in response to a number of stimuli.[12-16] This activity appears to include several chemotactic factors, including both chemokines[17,18] and eicosanoids.[19,20] In addition to recruiting neutrophils, airway epithelial cells in vitro can release factors that can direct the recruitment of monocytes,[21] lympbocytes,[22-24] eosinophils,[25] and basophils.
		Whether subsets of helper T cells are specifically recruited by airway epithelial cells under various conditions remains to be determined, but this mechanism may be important in the control of immune responses in the asthmatic airway.
		Thus, it seems reasonable that airway epithelial cells will be able to release mediators driving the recruitment of inflammatory cells and to release mediators that can regulate the activity of these cells after their recruitment.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n3_v107/ai_16741246 (998 words)

	Potential Role for a Carbohydrate Moiety in Anti-Candida Activity of Human Oral Epithelial Cells -- Steele et al. 69 ...
		Epithelial cell viability was not affected by this level of radiation.
		Enriched epithelial cells were pretreated with various concentrations of proteinase K in the presence or absence of cycloheximide.
		Enriched epithelial cells were pretreated with periodic acid and then washed and examined for adherence to oral epithelial cells by using a standard adherence assay.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/11/7091 (5730 words)

	Epithelial Ingrowth
		Epithelial ingrowth describes when the outer corneal layer grows underneath the flap.
		This condition is common, occurring to some degree in 10 to 30% of cases.
		However, in approximately 1% of cases with epithelial ingrowth, it is necessary for the surgeon to lift up the flap and remove the ingrown cells.
	www.refractivesource.com /patients/complications/epithelial.htm (85 words)

	Research Page: Regulation of epithelial cell polarity and lung disease
		This layer of epithelial cells forms the crucial barrier between the outside world (that is the air we breath), and the interior of the organism.
		The epithelial cells are directly exposed to the harmful and carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke.
		These glands are also lined by a single layer of polarized epithelial cells, and so understanding their polarity and proliferation is important to understanding chronic bronchitis.
	www.trdrp.org /research/PageGrant.asp?grant_id=3722 (409 words)

	Airway Epithelial Cell Responses to Ozone Injury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The airway epithelial cell is an important target in ozone injury.
		Additional elevations of cytokine concentrations, demonstrated to be derived from airway epithelial cells, may also play an important role in orchestrating this early response to ozone.
		Ozone-induced acute tracheobronchial epithelial injury: relationship to granulocyte emigration in the lung.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1995/Suppl-2/leikauf-full.html (3659 words)

	e-Histology.net: Tissues, epithlial, connective, nervous, blood, extracellular matrix, cell junctions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Epithelial tissues are composed of closely aggregated cells with very little extracellular matirx.
		Epithelial cells range in shape from columnar to cuboidal to flattened squamous cells.
		Epithelial cells often have adaptations at their luminal surface to increase surface area for absorption or to help move substances over the epithelial surface.
	www.e-histology.net /tissues.html (1955 words)

	The Varied and Surprising Spectrum of Mutations in Epithelial Cells - DERT
		Background: Epithelial cells, such as skin cells, cells that line the intestinal and respiratory tracts, etc., comprise about 60% of the cells in the human body and are the source of about 85% of human cancers.
		Despite these numbers and the importance of epithelial cells in normal biology and physiology and disease development, very few studies have been performed on the frequency or breadth of mutations in epithelial cell lines.
		To better understand the rate of mutation and the different mutations that occur in epithelial cells as a function of age, these investigators used epithelial cell cloning and DNA sequencing experiments to characterize mutations of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene in kidney epithelial cells.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /dert/profiles/hilites/2002/epithel.htm (352 words)

	Morphological and Functional Changes in the Rat Cornea with an Ethanol-Mediated Epithelial Flap -- Song and Joo 45 (2): ...
		epithelial flap is attached to the stroma and undergoes wound
		Epithelial trephination is performed using a 2-mm diameter trephine.
		In the basal epithelial layer of the ethanol-mediated flap, surviving basal epithelial cells were seen migrating to the position of dead cells at day 1 (A, inset).
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/45/2/423 (3902 words)

	REGULATION OF EBV INFECTION IN EPITHELIAL CELLS
		EBV infection of normal epithelial cells in vivo occurs only in differentiated cells and is completely lytic.
		In contrast, EBV infection in the epithelial tumor, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), is primarily latent.
		We hypothesize that regulation of epithelial cell differentiation and cell cycle progression by EBV IE proteins is required for maximal efficiency of lytic replication in vivo.
	www.med.unc.edu /wrkunits/1dean/research/Kenney191.html (453 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Treatment
		Ovarian epithelial cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissue covering the ovary.
		Women who have a family history of ovarian cancer are at an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.
		Ovarian epithelial cancer is one type of cancer that affects the ovary.
	www.cancer.gov /cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/ovarianepithelial/patient (1034 words)

	Growth Factors Secreted by Bronchial Epithelial Cells Control Myofibroblast Proliferation: An In Vitro Co-culture Model ...
		The production of mediators by epithelial cells in close proximity to myofibroblasts during epithelial repair after repeated damage is one of the possible mechanisms for airway remodeling.
		The epithelial cells were chemically injured by exposure to poly-L-arginine as a surrogate for eosinophil granule cationic protein and the proliferative response of the fibroblasts was examined.
		This study demonstrates that epithelial cells are an important regulator of airway remodeling by means of paracrine control of bronchial myofibroblasts in response to cell damage and repair.
	info.med.yale.edu /labinvest/abstracts/99months/9904apr/9904_395.htm (298 words)

	Leaks in the epithelial barrier caused by spontaneous and TNF-{alpha}-induced single-cell apoptosis -- GITTER et al. 14 ...
		Leaks in the epithelial barrier caused by spontaneous and TNF-{alpha}-induced single-cell apoptosis -- GITTER et al.
		Current density peaked in the center of apoptotic rosettes and decreased, with lateral distance from the center, toward a constant reflecting the basic epithelial conductivity in nonapoptotic areas.
		Jones, B. A., Gores, G. (1997) Physiology and pathophysiology of apoptosis in epithelial cells of the liver, pancreas, and intestine.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/14/12/1749 (3070 words)

	Interleukin-18 and Gamma Interferon Production by Oral Epithelial Cells in Response to Exposure to Candida albicans or ...
		Ctrl-0 is oral epithelial cell culture medium, and Ctrl-24 is supernatant from unstimulated oral epithelial cells cultured for 24 h.
		epithelial cells, to immune surveillance remains to be investigated.
		Epithelial cell response to challenge of bacterial lipoteichoic acids and lipopolysaccharides in vitro.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/12/7073 (4985 words)

	Epithelial Tissue
		Epithelial tissues come in three basic types: squamous, cuboidal and columnar.
		In other words, they are each a different structure (here they are membranes), each of which is only one cell layer thick.
		One of the nuclei of a squamous cell is shown (arrows), which demonstrates how the nuclei can "bulge out" along the simple squamous epithelial layer.
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/epithelial1.html (939 words)

	Mammary Epithelial Proliferation and Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Expression in Prepubertal Heifers: Effects of ...
		B) Effect of ovariectomy on ER Positively labeled epithelial cells are expressed as percentage of total epithelial cells.
		B) Higher magnification of duct similar to that shown in A. is present primarily in the embedded layer of epithelial cells.
		B) Effect of growth hormone on ER Positively labeled epithelial cells are expressed as percent of total epithelial cells.
	jds.fass.org /cgi/content/full/86/6/2098 (4082 words)

	Mechanisms of HIV Transmission through Epithelial Cell Barriers
		Our objectives were to determine if primary epithelial cells have the ability to harbor and transmit HIV and to determine if primary epithelial cells can transcytose HIV.
		For HIV transcytosis, the epithelial cells were cultured on 0.4 mM transwell filters until confluent (day 7).
		For all epithelial cells, at least 5 [times] 105 activated PBMCs (2 PBMCs to 1 epithelial cell) were required for HIV recovery.
	www.cirp.org /library/disease/HIV/dezzutti (443 words)

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