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Topic: Epithelial keratin

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Cytokeratin

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	Creating unique personal care products scientifically
		Given the heterogeneity of epidermal keratins and its effect on the appearance of the skin, it is not surprising that polymorphisms are also found to be associated with hair keratins.
		Heterogeneity in keratin proteins can have direct effects on the tensile strength, flexibility, and dynamics of the intermediate filaments, which means that even subtle heterogeneity in intermediate filament proteins can influence the external features of the hair or skin.
		Because the naturally occuring cross linked keratin fibers are insoluble in water, the keratin is solubilized using chemical and enzymatic methods that hydrolyze the protein from starting materials including animal and human hair, feathers, claws, horns, hooves and scales.
	www.dermaplusproducts.com /technology4.htm (765 words)

	Keratin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Keratin is a protein used by numerous groups of animals as a structural element, and is a classic example of a fibrous protein.
		Keratin is a tough, insoluble protein found in the outer layer of the skin of human beings and many other animals.
		In humans, the Keratin family of proteins is divided into the soft epithelial keratins or cytokeratins and the hard hair keratins.
	keratin.iqnaut.net (350 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In this laboratory we study the relationship between the keratin multigene family and the architecture and function of epithelial tissues in vivo.
		Keratins are the major structural proteins in epithelial cells, where they occur as a cytoplasmic network of intermediate-sized cytoskeletal filaments.
		A major role fulfilled by keratins is to act as a resilient yet adaptable scaffold that endow epithelial cells with the ability to sustain mechanical and non-mechanical stresses.
	www.mbg.jhmi.edu /FacultyDetails.asp?PersonID=667 (726 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Cells in ...
		PtK1 cells are positive for keratin by immunoperoxidase and fluorescence staining and are susceptible to vesicular stomatitis (Indiana strain).
		Epithelial cells are cells that exist in the body in sheets covering the organs and other internal and external surfaces that may come into contact with foreign materials.
		Tahr Ovary Epithelial Cells (HJ1.Ov) - The HJ1.Ov cell line was derived from the ovary tissue of a normal and healthy female Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), which is a relative of the wild goat specially adapted to life in the rugged, mountainous environment of the Himalayas.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/cells (4463 words)

	Periplakin-dependent re-organisation of keratin cytoskeleton and loss of collective migration in ...
		in the re-organisation of keratins in migrating cells.
		Keratin 18 blot of the same membrane shows that there is no difference in the total keratin expression between the cell clones or treatments.
		Downregulation of periplakin and keratin 8 expression by siRNA transfections.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/119/24/5147 (7850 words)

	Protein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Membrane-associated proteins include exchangers and ion channels, which move their substrates from place to place but do not change them; receptors, which do not modify their substrates but may simply shift shape upon binding them.
		Filamentous proteins make up the cytoskeleton of cells and some of the structure of animals: examples include tubulin, actin, collagen and keratin, all of which are important components of skin, hair, and cartilage.
		Some amino acids remain in the epithelial cells and are used for synthesis of new proteins, including some intestinal proteins, constantly being digested, recycled and absorbed from the small intestine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protein (3139 words)

	Cleavage of Host Keratin 8 by a Chlamydia-Secreted Protease -- Dong et al. 72 (7): 3863 -- Infection and Immunity
		The infection time-dependent cleavage of keratin 8 (Fig.
		Correlation of keratin 8 cleavage with degradation of RFX5 (as a measure of CPAF activity) and expression of CPAF during chlamydial infection.
		the degree of keratinization was inversely correlated with the
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/7/3863 (4827 words)

	CYST SURGERY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Often the cause of the cyst is an injury causing the nail matrix to inoculate deeper tissue.
		Myxoid cysts are described as a "nodular lesion usually overlying a distal interphalangeal joint in the dorsolateral or dorsomedial position, consisting of focal mucinous degeneration of the collagen of the dermis, is not a true cyst, lacking an epithelial wall, it does not communicate with the underlying synovial space" (Dorland's, 1995, pp.210).
		Leib (1995, pp.300) describes these cysts as "dome shaped, compressible, flesh coloured to translucent, round to oval, and soft to rubbery lesions that may be connected to the synovial space." They often appear suddenly, commonly distal to the interphalangeal joint, around the nail fold and become semitranslucent or blister like as they expand.
	www.podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/cyst (3467 words)

	Isolation, immortalization, and characterization of a human breast epithelial cell line with stem cell properties -- ...
		epithelial cells were cleared of sialomucin-positive cells and stained for sialomucin after 2 wk (a, arrows), and after further sorting of the newly formed sialomucin-positive cells (b).
		epithelial cells are a plausible candidate for multipotent progenitors in the human breast.
		Smith, G.H. Experimental mammary epithelial morphogenesis in an in vivo model: Evidence for distinct cellular progenitors of the ductal and lobular phenotype.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/16/6/693 (6610 words)

	Ex vivo preservation and expansion of human limbal epithelial stem cells on amniotic membrane cultures -- Meller et al. ...
		K3 keratin and K12 keratin were expressed by the suprabasal limbal epithelium (A, C) and the full thickness of the central corneal epithelium (B, D).
		K14 keratin was expressed strongly in basal and suprabasal limbal (E) and predominantly basal corneal epithelium (F).
		Amniotic membrane as a substrate for cultivating limbal corneal epithelial cells for autologous transplantation in rabbits.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/86/4/463 (6073 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Digital Video Gallery - Live Cell Imaging: Cell Motility
		The epithelial line is utilized in laboratories around the world for a variety of applications, but is perhaps most significant for its usage to grow attenuated viruses for vaccine production.
		The cells are susceptibled to bovine diarrhea virus, vesicular stomatitis (Indiana strain), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine parvovirus, bovine adenovirus I and III, and parainfluenza virus 3.
		Opossum Kidney Cortex Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (OK Line) - The OK cell line was initiated from the kidney of an adult female North American opossum (Didelphis marsupialis virginiana) and was originally intended for use as a source of X chromosomes for studies of X inactivation.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/livecellimaging (1236 words)

	Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Ex Vivo Tonsil Epithelial Cell Cultures of Asymptomatic Carriers -- Pegtel et al. 78 ...
		Epithelial cultures of 15 individual tonsils are shown; 12 were from EBV-positive donors (T), 9 of which were positive for LMP1, and 3 were from EBV-negative donors (T*), none of which were positive for LMP1.
		Epithelial cells were cultured as described in Materials and Methods and stained between days 7 and 10 with the anti-LMP1 monoclonal (S12) primary antibody for HC or IF.
		Keratins as molecular markers of epithelial differentiation: differential expression in crypt epithelium of human palatine tonsils.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/22/12613 (7067 words)

	New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins -- Schweizer et al. 174 (2): 169 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		Genes for intermediate filament proteins and the draft sequence of the human genome: novel keratin genes and a surprisingly high number of pseudogenes related to keratins 8 and 18.
		The type II epithelial keratin 6hf (K6hf) is expressed in the companion layer, matrix and medulla in anagen-stage hair follicles.
		Keratin 23 (K23), a novel acidic keratin, is highly induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors during differentiation of pancreatic cancer cells.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/174/2/169 (3016 words)

	Holistic Health Encyclopedia - S
		Epithelial cells secrete a half gallon daily of a neutral fluid which mixes with the chyme (a mixture of food and acidic secretions from the stomach) to aid in electrolyte and vitamin absorption through the villi of the small intestine.
		As a cell accumulates keratinohyalin granules, it is thought that rupture of lysosomal membranes release lysosomal enzymes that eventually cause cell death.
		The deeper cells of the stratum corneum retain their desmosomal junctions, but as they are pushed to the surface by newly forming cells of the stratum germinativum (SG), the dead cells gradually break apart and are lost, a process called desquamation.
	www.findhealer.com /glossary/S.php3 (8360 words)

	Keratin 20 Helps Maintain Intermediate Filament Organization in Intestinal Epithelia -- Zhou et al. 14 (7): 2959 -- ...
		The major type II enterocyte keratin is K8, with low levels of K7 that are present in goblet cells and the crypt base.
		Keratin organization in epithelial cells of the small intestine is illustrated by the two typical patterns: 1) normal-looking filaments; and 2) a mixture of dots, cables, and short filaments.
		Abe, M., and Oshima, R.G. A single human keratin 18 gene is expressed in diverse epithelial cells of transgenic mice.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/7/2959 (6017 words)

	Keratosis Pilaris Treatment - How to Treat Goose Bumps
		The ingredient in BIOSKINCARE™ is a complex biological compound with enzymes that "digest" or breakdown keratin plugs and dissolve abnormal tissues, releasing their amino acids for the rebuilding of healthy tissues.
		Keratosis pilaris tends to occur as excess keratin, a natural fibrous protein in the skin found normally in human hair, nails and callus, accumulates around hair follicles (process known as hyperkeratinization).
		It is also anti-inflammatory, regulates the production of keratin and while it helps to attract moisture when first applied it also restores the skin's capacity to hold in moisture by accelerating the production of collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans from within the deep layers of the skin.
	bioskincare.com /keratosis-pilaris (2638 words)

	Functional Analysis of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E1{wedge}E4 Protein Provides a Mechanism for In Vivo and In ...
		with keratins and cause the reorganization of the keratin intermediate-filament
		E4 associates with keratins through sequences at its N terminus and is able to form multimers (hexamers) through sequences at its C terminus.
		Keratin modifications and solubility properties in epithelial cells and in vitro.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/2/821 (6772 words)

	Keratin Antibody Review
		Increased keratinocyte proliferation by JUN-dependent expression of PTN and SDF-1 in fibroblasts.
		Dako mouse monoclonal antibody directed against keratin 10 was used in western blot and immunohistochemistry to study the characterization of the EBBP protein and its role in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation.
		NEOMARKERS monoclonal anti-keratin 16 antibody was used in western blot to study induction of disease-associated keratin 16 gene expression by epidermal growth factor.
	www.exactantigen.com /review/Keratin.html (782 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Confocal Gallery - Male Rat Kangaroo Kidney Epithelial Cells
		PtK2 cells exhibit typical epithelial characteristics and stain positive for the keratin, an intermediate filament protein.
		A log phase culture of PtK2 epithelial cells was labeled with MitoTracker Red CMXRos to target the mitochondrial network and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to phalloidin, which binds to the filamentous actin cytoskeleton.
		Rat Kangaroo Kidney Epithelial Cells with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, BODIPY FL, and DRAQ5 - An adherent monolayer culture of male rat kangaroo kidney epithelial cells was treated with MitoTracker Red CMXRos in growth medium for one hour, washed, and fixed with 3.7-percent paraformaldehyde in medium containing serum.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /gallery/cells/ptk2/ptk2cells.html (616 words)

	Intermediate Filaments Interact with Dormant Ezrin in Intestinal Epithelial Cells -- Wald et al. 16 (9): 4096 -- ...
		Berryman, M., Franck, Z., and Bretscher, A. rin is concentrated in the apical microvilli of a wide variety of epithelial cells whereas moesin is found primarily in endothelial cells.
		Casanova, M. L., Bravo, A., Were, F., Ramirez, A., Jorcano, J. L., and Vidal, M. Tissue-specific and efficient expression of the human simple epithelial keratin 8 gene in transgenic mice.
		Saotome, I., Curto, M., and McClatchey, A. rin is essential for epithelial organization and villus morphogenesis in the developing intestine.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/9/4096 (8426 words)

	MOUSE, ANTI - EPITHELIAL KERATIN, AE 5 \| Online purchasing
		Studies on the expression of the 64K keratin in vivo and in cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells have led Schermer, et al,
		to suggest that corneal epithelial stem cells are located in the limbus, the transitional zone between the cornea and the conjunctiva.
		The AE5 was reactive with the 64K keratins in the cornea.
	www.mpbio.com /product_info.php?products_id=69143 (452 words)

	Exploiting the Keratin 17 Gene Promoter To Visualize Live Cells in Epithelial Appendages of Mice -- Bianchi et al. 25 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Keratin 16 expression defines a subset of epithelial cells during skin morphogenesis and the hair cycle.
		Keratin 17 expression in the hard epithelial context of the hair and nail, and its relevance for the pachyonychia congenita phenotype.
		Sequences 5' of the bovine keratin 5 gene direct tissue- and cell-type-specific expression of a lacZ gene in the adult and during development.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/25/16/7249 (6764 words)

	Glossary of dermatological terms. DermNet NZ
		The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the skin, and is mainly composed of keratinocytes.
		The nail plate is composed of horny cells containing keratin and is produced by nail matrix.
		Squamous cells are flat epithelial cells found on the skin surface.
	www.dermnetnz.org /glossary.html (2414 words)

	Cytokeratin TYPE II Epithelial Keratin antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		It has been used for studying the immuno-localization of epidermal keratins, tissue distribution of keratins, various diseases of epidermis, oral mucosa and other epithelia, and epithelia development.
		This lot showed reactivity with human epidermal cell keratin of 86 and 58K and skin at 58, 65 and 67K in immunoblot.
		Since each epithelium contains at least one basic keratin the antibody is broadly reactive and stains positively almost all epithelia and their neoplasms.
	www.researchd.com /rdiabs/cbl216.htm (363 words)

	Cytokeratin TYPE I Epithelial Keratin antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		Garin-Chesa P, Rettig J and Melamed R: Expression of cytokeratin in normal and neoplastic colonic epithelial cells: Implications for cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis.
		Nelson WG and Sun TT: The 50- and 58-kD keratin classes as molecular markers for stratified squamous epithelia: Cell culture studies.
		Weiss RA, Eichner R and Sun TT.: Monoclonal antibody analysis of keratin expression in epidermal diseases: A 48 kD and a 56 kD keratin as molecular markers for hyperproliferating keratinocytes.
	www.researchd.com /rdiabs/cbl215.htm (541 words)

	Mesothelioma Photos
		The strong brown staining of the mesothelioma tumor by the protein, calretinin, is characteristic of epithelial type mesothelioma and aids in its distinction from adenocarcinoma.
		The tumor cell nuclei are oval to spindle-shaped and pale blue, the cytoplasm light pink, and the cell borders indistinct.
		The strong brown staining for keratin proteins helps distinguish this tumor from other spindle cell malignancies.
	www.impmeso.org /mesothelioma_photos/c23_p12/About_Mesothelioma/Photos_of_Mesothelioma.html (85 words)

	Ladys Joy Cosmetic Line
		Active ingredients are rose water, keratin, d-panthenol, ceramides.
		Active ingredients: keratin, natural rose water, Vitamin A and pro-Vitamin B5.
		The active keratin complex enriched with Vitamins nourishes and restores the damaged hair structure, eases the combing and gives elasticity to the hair.
	www.biogenicstimulants.com /bulgarianrose/ladysjoy_cosmetic_line.phtml (723 words)

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