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Topic: Equality of outcome

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Equal opportunity

Social equality

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	Equality of outcome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Equality of outcome is a basic form of egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences between individuals or households in a society.
		Proponents of equality of outcome argue equality of opportunity for children cannot be achieved without greater equality of outcome for parents because inequalities can be passed from one generation to another through substantial gifts and wealth inheritance.
		Greater equality of outcome is thought to reduce relative poverty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equality_of_outcome (479 words)

	Equality
		There is controversy concerning the precise notion of equality, the relation of justice and equality (the principles of equality), the material requirements and measure of the ideal of equality (equality of what?), the extension of equality (equality among whom?), and its status within a comprehensive (liberal) theory of justice (the value of equality).
		Equal distribution is therefore not merely one among many alternatives, but rather the inevitable starting point that must be assumed insofar as one takes the justificatory claims of all to be of equal weight.
		Equality is thus merely a byproduct of the general fulfillment of actually non-comparative standards of justice: something obscured through the unnecessary inserting of an expression of equality (Raz 1986, p.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/equality (13525 words)

	Boston Review: Equality and Responsibility by John E. Roemer
		An advocate of equality of outcome must stipulate what that outcome should be: among the candidates are income, satisfaction, life expectancy, welfare, or the probability of leading a life deemed successful.
		I say that equality of opportunity has been achieved among a group of people if society indemnifies persons in the group against bad consequences due to circumstances and brute luck, but does not indemnify them against the consequences of their autonomous choices.
		Thus an equal-opportunity policy must equalize outcomes in so far as they are the consequences of causes beyond a person's control, but allow differential outcomes in so far as they result from autonomous choice.
	bostonreview.net /BR20.2/roemer.html (4730 words)

	Abortion as Equality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The pursuit of equality of outcomes has led many to cry out against differences in average wages between groups—notably men and women—though there are existing differences between the groups accounting for outcome differences.
		But, if equality, and not justice (in the meaningful sense), is the goal, existing differences innate to groups must be accommodated by government intervention to ensure equal outcomes.
		Seeing abortion as primarily a means of attempting to impose equality of outcome at the expense of the rights of unborn children explains its real rational to the Left.
	right-magazine.com /print.php?id=47 (747 words)

	Equality Of Opportunity And Equality Of Outcome; The Australian Achievement:
		Equality of opportunity requires that no individual should be arbitrarily prohibited from marriage but it does not demand that the object of his matrimonial hopes should be compelled to afford him an equal chance of taking her hand.
		Equal opportunity departs from the orientation upon personal freedoms which is inherent in the liberal concept of equality of opportunity.
		It will be seen that equal opportunity is actually inimical to the liberal concept of equality of opportunity because it interferes with the freedom of others to pursue their vocations or private interests as they see fit.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /cooray/btof/chap20.htm (1073 words)

	Guardian \| Real equality isn't uniform mediocrity
		It may be ignorance rather than misplaced cunning that impels the prime minister constantly to make the same mistake about the differences between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome.
		The prime minister still seems to imagine that "equality of outcome" is designed to make us all identical to each other.
		The equal start is only possible in a society in which equality of outcome eliminates the worst differences between rich and poor.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4506472-103390,00.html (820 words)

	The Noble Pundit: Equality
		Equality of opportunity is one of the key characteristics of a capitalist society.
		Equality of outcome is the trademark of a communist society.
		The other, equality of outcome, is viewed as the sign of a utopian society.
	noble.cbnoble.com /archives/000302.html (862 words)

	Equality Is Not the Goal CL9906.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Mahoney is using "equality" in both definitions to mean material equality, or what economist Milton Friedman calls "equality of outcome", then it’s pretty obvious that equal treatment under the law will fail in the task she assigns to it.
		Mahoney’s definitions seem to inject into the debate: namely, that equality of outcome is or should be the ultimate goal towards which the law strives.
		Equality under the law is not a value that supersedes all others.
	www.karenselick.com /CL9906.html (777 words)

	Social Inequality - Notions of Equality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Equality of outcome means that everyone should end up equal regardless of their particular circumstances.
		While equality of outcome has not been pursued by governments in capitalist countries, attempts have been made to achieve equality of opportunity and to a lesser extent equality of condition.
		Governments do not seek to achieve a result where there are no inequalities of wealth, income, power or status but only to try and ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve success through equal access to resources such as health care, housing, education and employment.
	hsc.csu.edu.au /pta/scansw/notions.html (734 words)

	The Equality Rationale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But, if substantive equality, and not (traditional) justice, is the goal, existing differences innate to groups must be accommodated by government intervention to ensure equal outcomes.
		Substantive equality as a “right” is nonsense, from this understanding, because those “rights” could easily involve violating the property rights of others.
		But equality of outcome is at odds with a free society and also inherently anti-survival.
	right-magazine.com /print.php?id=74 (1763 words)

	The Social Affairs Unit - Web Review: Why equality of opportunity is impossible to achieve - but intellectual elitism ...
		Almost nobody has a bad word to say for equality of opportunity, though as a concept it seems to me to be more confused, and certainly more dictatorial in its implications, than equality of outcome.
		The first, and lesser reason, is that the notion of equality of opportunity has given rise to a substantial bureaucracy, whose ostensible purpose is to bring it about, and that depends upon the notion for its livelihood.
		While it is pointless, short of instituting a horrible dictatorship, even to think of equality of opportunity, it is certainly not pointless to think about giving everyone at least minimal opportunity, by — for example — teaching them properly to read and write, and by trying to educate them to the best of their ability.
	www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk /blog/archives/000524.php (1415 words)

	onegoodmove: Unequal Opportunity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Have you ever heard the phrase "America is about equality of opportunity, not equality of outcome." I want to suggest to you that this is an absolute pipe dream.
		Equality of opportunity would mean that everyone has exactly the same chances when they are born.
		This "equal outcomes" argument is exactly the same as saying that certain "true needs" are required to be supplied to everyone by the "government".
	onegoodmove.org /1gm/1gmarchive/001304.html (1616 words)

	DOLHENTY ARCHIVE: Equality and Liberty
		Eventually the concept of equality expanded even further to include "equality of opportunity." What this meant was that an individual should not be prevented by arbitrary obstacles from using his capacities, talents, and so forth, to pursue his own objectives and goals.
		The new meaning of the concept of equality became "equality of outcome." The goal of equality under this meaning is "fairness," a radical departure from the traditional concept of equality.
		This irrational concept of equality of outcome is the foundation for all the policies of the Welfare State.
	radicalacademy.com /equalityliberty.htm (2223 words)

	GENDER ROLES AND MALE CONTRACEPTION
		When I say equality of outcome I refer to equality of situation between persons after a distribution of some benefit, such as property or freedom.
		An inequality of outcome where women are forced to bear the burden of contraceptive responsibility is created, at least in part, because of an inequality of opportunity where men lack the options to share that responsibility.
		Until the inequality of outcome which assigns women the sole responsibility for providing contraception is replaced, many of the other more destructive behaviors of gender roles will remain entrenched.
	www.lib.utah.edu /epubs/undergrad/vol6/peterson.html (3181 words)

	Canned Platypus » Blog Archive » Fibbertarian Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Even as he claims to be using “equality” to mean equal outcomes, he’s clearly arguing against equal opportunity.
		When people insist on equality of outcome, they are not enforcing established rules, but “meddling” with the rules.
		More-equal opportunity would probably lead to more-equal outcomes, that should be obvious, but it does not mean that equal outcomes are the goal.
	pl.atyp.us /wordpress?p=367 (8280 words)

	equality of opportunity
		The equalization of life chances for all individuals in society, regardless of economic position.
		Equality of Opportunity : a similar intangibility lies at the heart of the notion of ‘opportunity’ which in turn defines one of the most important...
		The University is committed to a policy of equality of opportunity and aims to provide a working, learning and social environment that is free from unfair...
	www.jointctr.org /?Category=equality+of+opportunity (476 words)

	Central Values
		Nozick argues that equality cannot be established on the basis of the actual distribution of goods but whether or not people have established a \legitimate right to the things that they own.
		Nozick is arguing that the existence of inequalities is irrelevant to considerations of social; justice.
		Equality and liberty are incompatible objectives, to have more of one we have to sacrifice some of the other.
	www.rouncefield.homestead.com /files/socialpolicyvalues.htm (1886 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Instead of creating equal pay for unequal work, women must gain a better understanding of history and make active changes so that they may work in equal jobs, and thus be compensated fairly.
		Where equal work is concerned, women should of course be compensated fairly, however, comparable worth compares unequal work and demands equal pay.
		Equal pay was introduced under the Equal Pay Act, 1963, and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, 1964.
	www.du.edu /~aroter/comparableworthpaper.doc (2451 words)

	John Quiggin: Against equality of outcome? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Since I've argued previously that there's a lot of confusion in discussions about equality of opportunities and of outcomes, I was interested by this story that UK Home Secretary David Blunkett has hired as special advisor on race someone named...
		I also am against equality of opportunity and I also believe people should be permitted to engage in racial discrimination.
		Equality of opportunity, as it has come to be understood (and not how was intended by types such as Milton Friedman) effectively implies a commitment to equality of outcome preceeding each decision.
	www.johnquiggin.com /archives/001596.html (461 words)

	Youth Issues: Equality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Our understanding is that the concept of equality must not be equated only with equality of opportunity.
		Equality of outcome and benefit must also be included in any consideration of equality.
		NYCI believes that the equality legislation will make a fundamental difference to the lives of many young people throughout the country who are suffering from discrimination.
	www.youth.ie /issues/eq.html (314 words)

	PROPERTY RIGHTS
		Indeed, since equality of outcome is an entirely abnormal condition, it can only even be attempted through coercion and force.
		Not equally rich, or equally endowed with material goods - cars, yachts, summer homes, winter vacations - but equally free to pursue life to the maximum of their potential.
		Admittedly, there will never be perfect equality of opportunity, but striving for it is preferable to striving for equality of outcome.
	www.garrybreitkreuz.com /publications/Article76.htm (3434 words)

	Capital and Inequality \| TPMCafe
		Americans are very taken with the idea of "equality of opportunity" rather than "equality of outcome" even though, in practice, the two concepts are either extremely closely linked or else equality of opportunity is meant in a purely formal sense.
		Re the latter question, I strongly suspect that almost all parents feel that equality of outcome is a desirable goal in so far as they hope and expect that their children will do as well (or, ideally, better) than they have in life.
		Regarding equality of outcomes and equality of opportunity, I can't help but think that you are erecting a straw man. I could safely be called a progressive, but neither me nor anyone I know actually argues that we should strive for true equality of outcomes.
	www.tpmcafe.com /story/2005/7/5/163448/2516 (7019 words)

	ipedia.com: Egalitarianism Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Because "all men are created equal" the state is under an obligation to treat each person equally under the law.
		Economic egalitarianism, popular on the Left throughout much of the 20th Century, has given way to a concern not that everyone be strictly equal in material possession, but rather that everyone be equal in having enough material goods to successfully fulfill his or her native human capacities.
		Libertarianism can be understood as radical political egalitarianism, according to which everyone is equal (or nearly equal) in coercive political power, because no one has any (or those who have it have little and are strictly limited in their use of it).
	www.ipedia.com /egalitarianism.html (702 words)

	PBS Watch: Conservative Values (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Notice that a neutral position regarding the importance of liberty versus equality of outcome may well be at or near the center in American politics today but would be to the left of the founders.
		They viewed personal liberty and equality of opportunity, “the pursuit of happiness”, as fundamental, but they were well aware that liberty would not produce equality of outcome.
		Entitlement programs and affirmative action, both aimed toward equality of outcome, would have been inconceivable to the founders but are near the center of American politics today.
	pbswatch.blogspot.com /2005/02/conservative-values.html (696 words)

	Edited Hansard * 1540 * Number 181 (Official Version) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		I heard a member from the Reform Party say that the Reform Party is interested in seeing equality of opportunity and not equality of outcome.
		I would say that equality of opportunity to the Reform Party simply means that there should be an opportunity to attend post-secondary education somewhere in the country but equality of outcome which Reform is opposed to means that they are going to have to pay whatever it is the Reform Party decides to pass on.
		They must go together, otherwise we end up with disparities around the country where the rich will be able to afford to send their sons and daughters to universities and colleges, but the majority of Canadians will not.
	www.parl.gc.ca /36/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/181_1999-02-15/han181_1540-e.htm (634 words)

	The Challenge of Democracy \| Chap 16 ACE Self Test
		to equality of outcome more than equality of opportunity.
		equally to equality of outcome and equality of opportunity.
		neither to equality of outcome nor equality of opportunity.
	college.hmco.com /cgi-bin/SaCGI.cgi/ace1app.cgi?FNC=AcePresent__Apresent_html___polisci_janda_16 (195 words)

	... and ain't i a woman?: Equality of outcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Even the most “equal” workplace conditions, however, do not counteract the many facets of gender oppression that impact, from outside, on women's waged work.
		Equality of opportunity for all women in all workplaces is a fundamental demand of feminism -- one that we have still to win in most job sectors.
		But equality of opportunity is not the same as, and does not automatically result in, equality of outcome.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1998/316/316p12.htm (781 words)

	Left in the West » Blog Archive » Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome
		With diarists at RedState now calling prevailing wage law racist, it seems that it is time to revisit the notions of equality of opportunity and equality of outcome.
		If memory serves, it was also equality of outcome that John Mercer found so troubling during the MontPIRG fee dispute a couple years ago (he has displayed no such concerns with regards to low income students and higher education).
		It’s also an important distinction in public policy, which is one of the reasons it is so frustrating to see equality of outcome suddenly snatched up by conservatives who wish to rhetorically oppose policies that they really dislike for other reasons (i.e.
	leftinthewest.com /?p=1645 (884 words)

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