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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Equestrian (Roman)
		The social position of medieval knights and Roman equestrians, however, was extremely alike, equestrians being the nearest Roman equivalent to Medieval nobility, the Roman tax farming system shared many similarities with medieval feudalism without actually being identical, due to inherent differences in the social structure and the level of central government.
		The equites were the Roman middle class between the upper class of patricians and the lower class of plebs.
		The distinguishing mark of the equestrian class was a gold ring (that of the patrician was of iron) and narrow fl band on the tunic.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Equites (1368 words)

	Equestrian (Roman) Information
		An Equestrian (Latin eques, plural equites) was a member of one of the two upper social classes in the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire.
		The social position of knights and equestrians, however, was extremely similar, equestrians being the nearest Roman equivalent to Medieval nobility, the Roman tax farming system shared many similarities with medieval feudalism without actually being identical due to inherent differences in the social structure and the level of central government.
		Besides, an Equestrian who obtained a political office (e.g., the quaestorship) would become a Senator, whereas the son of a Senator who failed to obtain office, still was an Equestrian.
	www.bookrags.com /Equestrian_%28Roman%29 (1268 words)

	The Roman Empire: in the First Century. The Roman Empire. Social Order. Equestrians \| PBS
		Now Roman citizens of any social level could become equestrians, as long as they were of good reputation, in good health and owned at least 400,000 sesterces (Roman coins).
		Equestrians could rise to the rank of senator.
		Because equestrians did not have to be Roman or Italian by birth, this opened up the ranks of senators to non-Italians.
	www.pbs.org /empires/romans/empire/equestrians.html (388 words)

	LIFE IN THE ROMAN WORLD OF NERO AND ST. PAUL : BASILICA AEMILIA.]
		We know that several of the Roman temples--such as those of Concord in the Forum and of Apollo on the Palatine--were veritable galleries of masterpieces; and that the rich Romans adorned both their town houses and country villas with dozens of statues, colossal, life-size, or miniature, by distinguished masters.
		The Roman public buildings and private houses were enriched with a host of such copies, or, when not exact copies, with modifications which, though not improvements, were at least such as could not offend by displaying a lack of technical mastery.
		When an amphitheatre or aqueduct of the Roman kind was to be found in the graecized half of the empire, it was constructed under Roman influence.
	www.annourbis.com /Roman-World-of-Nero/12875-8_basilica_aemilia.html (2587 words)

	Roman Empire - MSN Encarta
		The empress Julia Domna, wife of emperor Lucius Septimius Severus (193-211), was a patron of learning and served as the primary advisor of her son, Caracalla (211-217), throughout much of his reign as emperor.
		Senators and equestrians whom the emperor appointed as governors, generals, and prefects held substantial power in the provinces, although provincial administration was initially restricted to issues of taxation and law and order.
		The Romans built huge waterways called aqueducts to bring water to the cities and imported large jugs of wine and oil from Spain, Gaul, and Africa to fulfill the necessities of the Roman table.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_1741502785_7/Roman_Empire.html (2826 words)

	Equestrian (Roman)
		An Equestrian (Latin eques, plural equites) was a member of one of the two upper social classes in the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire.
		The reforms of the Gracchi brothers in the 2nd century BC made an official distinction between equestrians and senatorss.
		Equestrians could rarely move to the senatorial class, by being elected to a magistracy.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/e/eq/equestrian__roman_.html (143 words)

	Ancient Roman Law - Crystalinks
		The Romans never had a written constitution, but their form of their government, especially from the time of the passage of the lex Hortensia (287 B.C.), roughly parallels the modern American division of executive, legislative, and judicial branches, although the senate doesn't neatly fit any of these categories.
		The Roman Republic was a form of government that worked well with a city-state or even a group of powerful city-states in control of a region.
		The Roman Senate survived even after the fall of the Roman Empire in the West when Rome had sunk to the status of a medium sized Italian city.
	www.crystalinks.com /romelaw.html (2425 words)

	Roman army rank structure
		The centurions were either equestrians or curiales directly commissioned from civilian life or had started out as buck privates and earned their position by serving in NCO postings in the legion or the imperial praetorian guard.
		The equestrians were generally career officers with previous commands over auxiliary foot regiments, for senatorial youths this was often their first post.
		Of equestrian status, he was third in the chain of command, except in Egypt and later also in special circumstances when this officer acted as praefectus legionis, sometimes with the additional designation agens in vice legati, acting in place of a legate.
	members.tripod.com /~S_van_Dorst/Ancient_Warfare/Rome/hierarchy.html (1550 words)

	Roman Empire 1 - Crystalinks
		The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of Europe from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the present day.
		Some Romans complained that the loss of liberty was too great a price to pay for peace, but most recognized that under the so-called liberty of the Roman Republic, a few hundred men had divided the spoils of empire while the workers and the provincials suffered.
		The Romans were hardworking and frugal, self-reliant and cautious, serious about their responsibilities and steadfast in the face of adversity.
	www.crystalinks.com /romanempire.html (3007 words)

	ROMAN MILITARY GLOSSARY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The importance the Romans placed on this building is backed-up by field-evidence, for in many modern excavations the sacellum has proved to be the only internal building constructed of stone, or at least, the first to be rebuilt in stone.
		Within a Roman military camp, this was where the camp commander would stand to address his men, issue orders, hear complaints, conduct court-martial proceedings, also to perform the necessary military ceremonial and religious duties.
		hospital The hospital in a Roman camp was placed by Hyginus in the praetentura alongside the Scholae and the veterinarium, though in many forts the valetudinarium occurs in the latera praetorii alongside the granaries and the principia in the centre of the camp.
	www.roman-britain.org /glossary_m.htm (7214 words)

	BBC - History - Social Pecking Order in the Roman World
		The senate was the traditional ruling body of Rome, and under the emperors the senate continued to represent the citizen upper crust.
		The equestrian order was traditionally limited to those who were entitled to a public horse.
		Senators were recognised by a toga with a broad purple stripe, while the equestrian wore a toga with a narrow purple stripe and a gold finger ring.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/ancient/romans/social_structure_02.shtml (291 words)

	Roman Social Class and Public Display
		Roman slavery was not racially based, and slaves had no special distinction of dress, though slaves who had run away were sometimes made to wear metal collars with inscriptions such as the following: “I have run away.
		If the parents were Roman citizens and had contracted a legal Roman marriage, the children followed the social status of their father (i.e., they were Roman citizens).
		For example, Maecenas, a wealthy and influential equestrian associated with the court of Augustus, was the patron of the poets Horace and Vergil.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/socialclass.html (2156 words)

	The Heroic Age: Lucius Artorius Castus
		Given the known date for the Armorica campaign and the fact that the Artorii were of the equestrian class, it becomes possible to reconstruct the life of this obscure individual in rather surprising detail.
		A male equestrian needed to maintain a net wealth of 400,000 sesterces and be of exemplary moral character in order to keep his rank (Nagle 1979:285).
		Roman army careers were divided into "tours." The group of tours frequently cited as the "equestrian cursus" (that is, the path taken by equestrians in a military career) consisted of the ranks of praefectus cohortis,
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/1/halac.htm (4499 words)

	Equestrian (Roman) - Definition, explanation
		However, this translation is a bit misleading, since medieval knights relied on the physical power of their horse and armor to support their position, while the connection of Roman equestrians to horses was more symbolic.
		Under Augustus, commoners were permitted to become equestrians by obtaining a fixed amount of wealth (400,000 sesterces).
		Equestrians could rarely move to the senatorial class, by being elected to a magistracy.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/e/eq/equestrian__roman_.php (248 words)

	Poke's Fifteen Decisive Battles
		Roman fleets also, sailing from the harbors of Gaul along the German coasts and up the estuaries, co-operated with the land-forces of the empire, and seemed to display, even more decisively than her armies, her overwhelming superiority over the rude Germanic tribes.
		The bulk of the Roman army fought steadily and stubbornly, frequently repelling the masses of the assailants, but gradually losing the compactness of their array, and becoming weaker and weaker beneath the incessant shower of darts and the reiterated assaults of the vigorous and unencumbered Germans.
		Roman fear disguised itself under the specious title of moderation, and the Rhine became the acknowledged boundary of the two nations until the fifth century of our era, when the Germans became the assailants, and carved with their conquering swords the provinces of imperial Rome into the kingdoms of modern Europe.
	www.standin.se /fifteen05a.htm (7298 words)

	Roman Equestrians
		In Roman antiquity, these were the wealthy, landed Plebeian merchant class granted a "Public Horse" by the State so they could act as the Republic's cavalry.
		Equestrians wore a slim (one inch width) purple stripe (clavus) down the right of their tunics (front and back) to signify their noble status.
		Optionally, Equestrians may wear a plain gold ring, which was another historical requisite of their rank.
	www.romanempire.net /romepage/PolCht/equestrians.htm (127 words)

	Equestrian (Roman) information - Search.com
		It is probably to this period, the late third and early second century, that a distinction within the eighteen equestrian centuries belongs: six centuries were reserved for the senators and their sons, and they cast the first votes, with the other twelve belonged to the equestrians.
		The empire needed a bureaucracy, but no freeborn Roman would serve another man. As a result, freedmen became very important during the reigns of Claudius (41-54 AD) and Nero (54-68 AD).
		From the reign of the Emperor Vitellius, who ruled in the year 69 AD, on, Equestrian procurators started to serve as heads of the great ministries of the Roman government.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Equestrian_(Roman) (1307 words)

	Equestrian :: Sports : RSS Feeds : Gourt
		Equestrian (Roman), a member of one of the upper classes in ancient Rome
		Equestrian sculpture, a statue of a leader on horseback
		Equestrian nomad, one of various nomadic or semi-nomadic ethnic groups whose culture places special emphasis on horse breeding and riding
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Fregional.gourt.com%2FEurope%2FUnited-Kingdom%2FRecreation-and-Sports%2FSports%2FEquestrian.html (416 words)

	equestrian - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Equestrian : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include equestrian: equestrian sport, adams equestrian center, alexander iii equestrian, equestrian dressage, equestrian nomad, more...
		Words similar to equestrian: horseman, horseback rider, rider, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=equestrian&ls=a (219 words)

	Alexander the Alabarch: summary / Katherine Evans
		I propose that Alexander was both a very prominent Roman citizen and a very prominent Jew with social ties that stretched from the Imperial family in Rome to the royal family and priesthood in Judea and that Philo to some extent shared this status.
		In all likelihood Roman citizenship was granted to Alexander's father or grandfather by Julius Caesar.
		Interestingly the possession of Roman citizenship appears to have opened doors among both Jews and Romans for the family of Alexander the alabarch and may have done so as well for Philo.
	www.fiu.edu /~evansk/alexsumm.html (954 words)

	Roman Senate at AllExperts
		The Roman Senate (Latin, Senatus) was the main House of Parliament of both the Roman Republic, which started in 510 BC, and the Roman Empire, which ended in the 6th century AD.
		The Roman population was divided into two classes: the Senate and the Roman People (as seen in the famous abbreviation SPQR).
		The Roman People consisted of all Roman citizens who were not members of the Senate, such as the plebeians and proletarians.
	en.allexperts.com /e/r/ro/roman_senate.htm (1446 words)

	Roman
		Roman formality in the Republican periods reflected many of the Greek costume.
		There was the difference of the construction of the garments for the Greek chiton formed its sleeves from the top of the doubled rectangles, where the tunica and stola opened their sleeves at the sides for armholes.
		There were many different types of togas for different occasions, from the Toga pura, the ordinary dress of citizens, to the Toga trabea, a parti-colored toga with a purple border which would be a king's toga or a augur's toga.
	www.cwu.edu /~robinsos/ppages/resources/Costume_History/roman.htm (896 words)

	Ancient Roman Coins in History Page 2
		Equestrian statues were raised in Rome in honor of individuals for some great military achievement.
		Liber was the god of wine and was worshipped by the Romans because he rescued the mind from the burden of everyday cares and responsibilities.
		According to Roman myth, Ascanius’ descendant known as Romulus was the founder of the city of Rome.
	www.ancient-roman-coins.com /history2.htm (3127 words)

	The Roman Constitution
		A native Italian town which lost its original dependence and was absorbed in the Roman state, ceased to be a separate civitas, and became a municipium; its citizens now possessed Roman citizenship as well as that of their own town.
		To be elected quaestor a man had to be at least 30 years old [in the time of the Gracchi the age was 27], and the lowest legal ages for the praetorship and the consulship were 40 and 43 respectively.
		In Civil Cases between individual citizens as well as foreign residents, the jurisdiction, originally belonging to the king, was, on the establishment of the Republic transferred to the consuls, but in the times with which we are especially concerned, it rested with the praetors.
	www.uah.edu /student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/misc/romancon.html (6247 words)

	The Roman Army Page
		The power of the Roman emperors rested on their control of massive armed forces, paid for out of the emperor's privy purse and bound to him by an oath of personal allegiance.
		With the spread of Roman citizenship among the population of the conquered territories the auxilia were increasingly recruiting citizens into the ranks, blurring the original division between peregrine auxiliaries and citizen legionaries.
		Redeployment of units and the Roman practice of local recruitment of replacements meant that the ethnic titles borne by formations did not reflect the actual origins of its soldiers.
	members.tripod.com /~S_van_Dorst/legio.html (4085 words)

	Roman Nose State Park, Watonga, Oklahoma
		Through funds raised by Friends of Roman Nose State Park Association via bake sales, grants and other fund raisers, the group camp facility has now updated electrical in the main building, electric hot water heater, two new heat and air units, new lights, and a new ceiling.
		Roman Nose discovered much had changed during the six years he had been away.
		The Roman Nose Golf Course was designed by Floyd Farley, and it makes use of the underlying gypsum rock and hilly terrain of Oklahoma's red rock canyon country.
	www.watonga.com /romannose (673 words)

	RedRampant.com
		The Roman navy was always considered inferior and was under the control of the army.
		Or it was driven close in and alongside the enemy, snapping the enemies oars in half as it went, thus deprive its movement.
		During the first Punic War, the logical Romans came up with the idea idea that a warship was little more than a floating platform on which the soldiers could fight.
	www.redrampant.com /roma/navy.html (958 words)

	-- Roman Nose State Park, Oklahoma - brought to you by LASR - Leisure And Sport Review
		Roman Nose State Park, OK Nestled in a magnificent canyon, embraced by crimson shale bluffs and milky gypsum hills, Roman Nose was once a favorite retreat of the Cheyenne Indians.
		Roman Nose Resort preserves the natural scenic wonders of the canyon, while hosting guests with all the luxuries of home and conveniences of a fine hotel.
		Roman Nose Resort Lodge preserves the natural scenic wonders of the canyon, while hosting guests with all the luxuries of home and conveniences of a f...
	www.lasr.net /pages/park.php?Park_ID=OK06sp006 (572 words)

	Your Title Here
		The Roman Navy was always considered an inferior arm and was strictly under army control.
		Rather unexpected success in battle was obtained by a logical Roman idea that a warship was little more than a floating platform on which the soldiers could be brought into close contact with the enemy.
		But generally it was the inept way the Romans handled their vessels as well as their ill fortune in running into several tempests.
	library.thinkquest.org /04oct/01723/R-Navy.htm (683 words)

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