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Topic: Equine coat color genetics

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Dun gene

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	Coat Color Genetics
		A scheme of coat color classification based on recognition of the effects of the alleles of seven genes provides the necessary rigor, and with training can be uniformly applied by anyone to define most of the common colors encountered in horses.
		For homozygous recessive colors, both alleles are written in the notation for color assignment, since a horse showing a color or pattern produced by recessives is by definition homozygous for the recessive alleles.
		Adelsteinsson Stefan: Inheritance of the Palomino Color in Icelandic Horses.
	vgl.ucdavis.edu /~lvmillon/coatcolor/coatclr3.html (3980 words)

	Horse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its genetic line is lost, but its phenotype has been recreated by a "breeding back" process, in which living domesticated horses with primitive features were repeatedly interbred.
		However, in a given closed ecosystem such as the isolated refuges in which most wild horses live today, to maintain genetic diversity the minimum size for a sustainable wild horse or burro population is 150-200 animals.
		In spite of human mythology that portrays the dominant stallion as the ruler of his "harem" of females, the actual leader of the herd is the alpha or dominant mare, popularly known as the "boss mare" or "lead mare." This mare is usually one of the more mature animals in the herd.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Horse (10138 words)

	Equine coat color genetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Regarding references to melanin (pigment or coloring): There are two chemically distinct types of melanin, the red–yellow phaeomelanin and the brown–fl eumelanin.
		A champagne horse is born with a darker foal coat that lightens with maturity.
		A recent genetic study of roans by Dr. Bowling [1] refuted Hintz and VanVleck’s inferences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equine_coat_color_genetics (1189 words)

	Equine Color - Horse & Pony Color Genetics Information
		With conformation and temperament being equal, a person is more likely to pay a bit more for a horse with a color he or she favors than for one who's color they're not fond of.
		Scientific research into horse colors has made it possible for breeders to have the advantage of knowing what makes a person's favorite or not so favorite color.
		Because a horse's true genetic color can sometimes be hidden by the physical appearance, this site also includes how these colors are made genetically, all in easy to understand language.
	www.equinecolor.com (291 words)

	Bay (color) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bay is a color of the hair coats of horses, characterized by a body color of bright red (sometimes called blood bay) to deep brown, with fl points (mane, tail, lower legs, and sometimes the muzzle and tip of the ears.
		Bay is a favorite color among ranchers and horse enthusiasts, and is one of the most common coat colors in many horse breeds.
		If a horse carrying the extension and agouti genes additionally has a heterozygous creme gene, it will have the buckskin color, which is similar to bay except that red or brown areas are lightened to a yellow or gold color.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bay_(color) (547 words)

	Lyons'Den Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Thus, when mutations for coat color variants are identified, caution should be used with genetic testing and all color variants across breeds and associations should be confirmed to be identical.
		Genetic testing will allow breeders to correctly identify the color of their cats, preventing misassignment of color class and reducing the need for test crossing.
		Cats that are cbcs are intermediate between cbcb and cscs in color and difines the mink Tonkinese.
	faculty.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /faculty/lalyons/Sites/color.htm (1759 words)

	Equine Color Genetics
		The gene that codes for coat color is usually represented by the letter E (because it is located at the extension locus on the chromosomes) - fl is is noted as "E" and chestnut as "e".
		Because chestnut is recessive, the color is only expressed in horses that are homozygous for the recessive allele (if a dominant allele were present, it would override the chestnut and the horse would be fl).
		Both of these colors are caused by the cream gene, generally denoted by the letter C ("Cc" for heterozygotes / single dilutes and "CC" for homozygotes / double dilutes).
	sheepasylum.cherrytaco.com /equinecolor/main.html (4160 words)

	Equine Coat Colors
		This page is for horse breeders interested in color genetics Horse Color Guide It is very important to understand that there is...
		Horse Registry of America's definitions of coat colors and markings on the purebred Arabian horse...
		Equine Coat Colors Courtney T. Shumpert, DVM (Source: The American Quarter Horse Association) There are many possibilities when it comes to a horse's color.
	www.horse-threads.com /equinecoatcolors.html (195 words)

	CHBOA Genetics Primer
		Equine coat color genetics can be tricky, but this primer will hopefully give you a good foundation for learning.
		Color modifiers include Grey (progressive modifier that mixes white hairs with the coat color), Roan (modifier that mixes white hairs with the body color – true roans have solid heads and legs), and the most prevalent of the modifiers: the agouti.
		The pattern genes are the tobiano gene, the overo gene, and the sabino gene.
	www.chboa.com /geneticsprimer.html (670 words)

	Equine Color Genetics Tutorial from Everafter Ranch
		The body color is diluted to a lighter red, resulting in a red horse with darker red points and dorsal stripe.
		The body color is diluted to an unusual mousy color (ranging from light silver to a very dark slate), with fl points, face, and dorsal stripe.
		As fl is the rarest of the base coat colors, grullo is naturally the rarest of these dilutes.
	www.everafterranch.com /color02.htm (154 words)

	Dun Factor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Many foal colors are confusing because good 'ole mother-nature gets involved and designs foal coats to blend in with the rest of the world.
		The second foal has a sorrel dam and a grullo tobiano sire and clearly shows dun factor characteristics, the ear bars, face mask and shoulder stripe (around the white) are pretty obvious, the leg bars are also present but harder to see on this particular foal.
		He will darken to a gold/red color, will be sure to get more pics later as he was only 3 days old when these were taken.
	www.geocities.com /Baja/Outback/2936/DunFactor.html (359 words)

	LESSON 1: The True Color of Genes
		For every color there is a group of people who feel that their color is the most beautiful expression of the body of the horse.
		Perhaps it is because of our human preferences that coat color genetics is one of the few areas of equine genetics that scientists have been able to develop sophisticated theories on how specific genes determine the color of a horse's hair.
		There are also coat colors that appear to be identical, but are under the influence of different genes.
	www.donblazer.com /college/genetics/sample_ccg.html (1065 words)

	Equine Coat Colors - Color in Horses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Also, she classifies red as occuring at the "B" locus as "b" (as was thought by earlier authorities on coat color) and gives her rationale for this, whereas more recent authorities have red occuring at the "E" locus as "e".
		Limited colors (since Thoroughbreds have limited colors in the breed), and keep in mind what they call roan is different than what other breeds call roan (in thoroughbreds, gray is reserved for gray on fl only, so they use the word "roan" for gray on any other color, such as bay or chestnut).
		We use the old Appaloosa color names to describe the various patterns, and the name Tiger comes from the Spanish, they were never used to hunt Tigers in Siberia.
	members.aol.com /battyatty/breed.htm (1444 words)

	Equine Coat Colors
		It is sometimes a dark, dappled gray color with a white mane and tail.
		True grays are born another color (bay, fl, sorrel, etc.) and only show themselves to be grays when they shed their baby coat.
		They appear basically the same color as a cremello, except that their mane and tail (and sometimes lower legs) are slightly darker than their bodies.
	members.fortunecity.com /rosaroca/equinecoatcolor.htm (1018 words)

	Canine Genetics Resources
		In the first installment of that series, The Genetic Cul-de-Sac, the genetics task force addresses the origin of the domestic dog with an emphasis on the fundamentals of DNA and gene mutations, and their relationship to vigorous genetic diversity.
		Michigan University presents Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Canine Genetics, "using the powerful new tools of molecular genetics to understand, improve diagnosis and treatment of, and ultimately prevent the hereditary diseases that affect dogs and (B) to educate and train veterinary professionals and scientists in molecular genetics and medicine."
		The Control of Genetic Disease is discussed in a summary of information presented at seminars by Dr. George A. Padgett, DVM, a veterinary pathologist specializing in canine genetics.
	www.workingdogs.com /genetics.htm (1098 words)

	Equine Color Genetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Equine Color Genetics Links - Hevosten värigenetiikkaa englanniksi This is a collection of links to sites which which might interest a color genetics hobbyist.
		Articles on equine reproduction, care of the pregnant mare, the foaling process, equine color genetics and more.
		Equine Color Genetics unfolds the mystery of horse and donkey color...
	www.horse-threads.com /equinecolorgenetics.html (251 words)

	Learn Online Course - Equine Coat Color Genetics - Expert Instruction
		She teaches the science behind each color and reveals how a color/pattern is transmitted from parents to offspring.
		You will also learn to predict the base coat colors of offspring from known parents starting with the chestnut coat color.
		Genetic Grays and Roans - This lesson describes the genetic principles that govern the many shades and variation of gray and roan horses.
	universalclass.com /i/crn/2594.htm (1589 words)

	CHW \| Curly Horses on the Web \| DIRECTORIES \| HORSE COLORS
		The alternative allele a does not restrict the distribution of fl hair and thus in the presence of the allele E of the E gene a uniformly fl horse is produced.
		The term brown can be used for several genetic combinations (various reds, bays and dark bays, as well as some fls).
		It was thought in the past that seal browns were just fl horses with the Pangaré (mealy) gene, but in 2001 when the "a" allele was isolated and researched in France, none of the seal browns tested were "aa" -- showing that seal brown IS caused by an Agouti allele, and not by Pangaré.
	www.curlyhorseweb.com /colors.html (912 words)

	Equine Color Genetics
		Will have a dorsal marking of a darker color down the back, as well as striping on the legs.
		Equine Color Genetics: Cremello and Perlino Education Association
		Coat Colors: Equine Color Genetics Behind the Hide
	www.artbycrane.com /horsearticles/equinecolorgenetics.html (564 words)

	Articles - Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In fact, one will often refer to a horse in the field by his or her coat color rather than by breed or by gender.
		As their foal coat begins to shed out, their fl color will show through,but jet fl foals are born jet fl.
		All equines (this includes colts, fillies, mares, geldings, stallions, rigs, donkeys, mules) in the EU also require a passport by law, so this may be an additional cost if the animal isn´t sold with one.
	www.1-ace.com /articles/Horse (9925 words)

	Equine Color Genetics II by Phil Sponenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Touches on folklore associated with horse colors.D. Phillip Sponenberg is professor of Pathology and Genetics at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg.
		In addition to working on coat color, he also is active in efforts to conserve rare breeds of livestock through the programs of the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy.
		The book discusses and shows color pictures of rare colors, including palomino, buckskin, grulla, dun, Paint Horse, pinto, sabino, roan, cremelo as seen on many breeds such as Andalusians, Lusitanos, Peruvian Pasos, Paso Finos and Spanish Mustangs (North American Colonial Spanish Horse).
	www.equibooks.com /colgenetics.html (213 words)

	horsecoursesonline.com - Coat Color Genetics
		This course provides the information and tools needed to make statistical predictions of the coat colors of foals based on genetic makeup of the sire and dam.
		Students are instructed in the use of the Punnett Square to predict gene combinations.
		Tobiano and Overo genes are examined to determine range of color patterns.
	www.equinedegreeonline.com /bsu_coat_color_course_description.html (87 words)

	Buying a Horse
		If the base chestnut color is light with a blond mane and tail the roaned version is called "strawberry roan".
		This indicates a solid color animal with mottled skin & striped hooves.) The horse has many small spots over its body, skin that is mottled dark and light, and striped hooves.
		These color tables are based on a simplification of the real incidence of horse color genetics** as currently understood by science.
	www.gameroom.com /traykon/extras/horsebuying.htm (2924 words)

	Amazon.com: Equine Color Genetics: Books: D. Phillip Sponenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Color of Horses: The Scientific and Authoritative Identification of the Color of the Horse by Ben K. Green
		For a more complete picture of color genetics I recommend, in addition, Equine Genetics and Selection Procedures, published by Equine Research, they are on the web if Amazon don't carry their books.
		If you are breeding for color, this book will give you the possibilities of getting certain coat colors from your particular dam and sire.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0813829054?v=glance (1276 words)

	Color Calculator
		This calculator will give you the possible offspring coat colors and their probabilities when given the parents coat color and pattern information.
		For gray sire or dams, you must enter what the color of the horse was before it went gray as well as check the box labeled gray to the right of your color selection.
		We have recently added some more colors and patterns to select from.
	www.animalgenetics.us /CCalculator1.asp (103 words)

	Horse Color, Genetics, Color Genes
		Black, brown, bay and chestnut are called the base colors because they make up the foundation for every other color.
		In actual fact, the two main colors are chestnut and fl, the only two pigments existing in the horse.
		All other colors, including bay and brown, are created when one of these base colors has additional diluting or modifying genes.
	ultimatehorsesite.com /colors (185 words)

	Equine Coat Colors - Color in Horses
		Here are pictures of some common dun foal coat colors, and the final color they turn out to be.
		These foal coat colors are often confused with the dun factor dilution colors above, and produce surprises for people as the horses mature and shed out their foal coats.
		These colors demonstrate why it can be very difficult to predict a horse's final color from their foal coat color.
	members.aol.com /battyatty (1656 words)

	DSpace at Cornell University: Item 1813/2477 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The effects of the most important coat color genes in horses are reviewed.
		Teh emphasis is on basic coat colors and patterns and not on the inheritance of markings.
		White, grey, fl, bay, brown, chestnut, palomino, cremello, perlino, buckskin, dun, red dun, grullo, roan, tobiano, overo and silver dapple coat colors are discussed.
	hdl.handle.net /1813/2477 (94 words)

	Equine Breeding
		Explanation of the genes required for each of these coat colors and what crosses will produce.
		Explanation of the different color genetics and their crossings.
		Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) is something that Quarter Horse breeders know all about.
	www.horsechitchat.com /equinearticles/categories/Equine-Breeding (132 words)

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