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	Equitable Building (Manhattan) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The building is in the neoclassical style, rising 538 ft (164 m) with total floor area of 1,206,501 square feet (112,000 m²), giving a floor area ratio of 30.
		The white marble of the building is Yule marble, quarried in Marble, Colorado and also source used for the Tomb of the Unknowns and the Lincoln Memorial.
		The building occupies the entire block, and is bordered by Broadway to the West, Cedar Street to the North, Nassau Street to the East, and Pine Street to the South.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equitable_Building_(Manhattan) (801 words)

	Equitable Building
		The Equitable Building in Atlanta, Georgia, built by Joel Hurt in 1893 and housed the Trust Company of Georgia was that city's first skyscraper.
		The Equitable Building in Manhattan, built in 1915, which prompted the adoption of modern height and setback controls.
		The Equitable Building in Des Moines, Iowa, a neo-gothic high-rise built in 1924 that was for many years the tallest building in Iowa.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Equitable_Building (176 words)

	NEW YORK SCRAPERS - EARLY CENTURY II
		The outrage subsequently led to the restriction of continuous vertical growth of tall buildings by the introduction of the 1916 zoning regulations by city authorities.
		An indication of the bulk of the building was the fact that it remained the largest office building (by internal volume) in the world until the Empire State Building of 1931.
		The building site is only 15 m wide and 27.5 m deep, and the architects remarked that they wanted to make the building "a model for the tall, narrow building in the center of a city block." And it was regarded as such for the next decade of feverish urban construction.
	www.greatgridlock.net /NYC/nyc1a.html (2599 words)

	Office Buildings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The incentive to build taller buildings is that taller buildings use less land per square foot of office space.
		One disincentive to building higher office buildings is that the cost of construction per floor increases with the height of the building because the entire building structure, including foundations and vertical supports, must be stronger.
		The building was described on the 1904 postcard to the left as the "largest office building in the world." It is the tallest building in the world that is supported primarily by brick load bearing walls.
	www.netangola.com /EarlyOfficeMuseum/office_buildings.htm (1919 words)

	NEW YORK SCRAPERS - INTERNATIONAL STYLE I
		And because the building preceded the legislation of plaza bonuses (only coming to force as a law in December 1961), its bulk was made possible by using only a quarter of the plot for the tower footprint, thus giving it unlimited height as per the 1916 zoning.
		The building is at 247.5 m one of the tallest in Downtown and its facade consists of glass and anodized aluminium plating between the large supporting columns.
		The buildings employ a similar style of fl steel spandrels and soaring white mullions framing the dark-tinted glass -- although here the vertical mullions alternate with narrower fl ones, as opposed to their more "dominating" presence on the neighbouring building's facade -- and the building is at 209.5 m of approximately the same size.
	www.greatgridlock.net /NYC/nyc3.html (8620 words)

	Offices - Great Buildings Online
		Anker Building, by Otto Wagner, at Vienna, Austria, 1895.
		Equitable Building, by Pietro Belluschi, at Portland, Oregon, 1944 to 1948.
		Turun Sanomat Building, by Alvar Aalto, at Turku, Finland, 1927 to 1929.
	www.greatbuildings.com /types/types/office.html (1180 words)

	What We Learned About Tall Buildings from the World Trade Center Collapse - - science news articles online technology ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Building codes require that a layer of noncombustible material insulate the steel from the fire's heat for a given period, preserving its structural integrity long enough so that the building can be evacuated.
		Once a building reaches a hundred stories, the weight of construction materials becomes a crucial factor, and there is a tendency to make the building as light as possible.
		A 60-story office building does not have six times as much rentable space as a 10-story building—the core is larger and greater setbacks are required than for a lower building, but the taller building probably has four times as much space.
	www.discover.com /issues/oct-02/features/featbuildings (3814 words)

	The Skyscraper Museum
		Of the dozen buildings city-wide that qualified (in purple on the maps), only four were downtown where large sites were difficult to assemble in the prime area of the historic financial district.
		From 1967-1973, the average area for a new building in Lower Manhattan, was an astonishing 1,448,000 ft2, while in midtown, it was 985,000 ft2.
		The buildings in beige are those built after 1950 that contain between 1-2 million ft2.
	www.skyscraper.org /EXHIBITIONS/BIG_BUILDINGS/CONTENT/bb_05.htm (224 words)

	Equitable - Press Room - History - Equitable Milestones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Equitable sells its first known policy outside of North America on the life of a missionary outbound to Siam.
		The building, characterized by one reporter as "an indescribable impression of splendor," is located at 120 Broadway in Manhattan and serves as a vivid image of the Equitable's global strength and scope.
		Equitable becomes the largest insurance company in the world as measured in surplus.
	www.equitable.com /pressroom/milestones.html (526 words)

	Equitable Building - Wired New York Forum
		The neo-Renaissance building occupies the whole block, and rising in two masses above the base and connected by a wing for the building's whole height, forms a giant letter "H" when viewed from above.
		The height of the building was decided upon after consulting with elevator engineer Charles Knox, who determined the optimum number of floors for effective elevator service in the building.
		This was one of the first buildings where the number of floors in a skyscraper was determined by such calculations.
	www.wirednewyork.com /forum/showthread.php?p=35223 (483 words)

	New York Architecture Images- EQUITABLE BUILDING
		After this building was completed, the public complained about it and feared that an entire city of these types of skyscrapers would limit the amount of light that reached the street causing the city to feel dark and gloomy.
		The new Equitable Building soared 40 stories, offered 40 acres of office space and boasted the most elevators – and was in fact the largest skyscraper of the time.
		Built to replace the first Equitable Building which burned down in 1912, this structure was the last skyscraper to be constructed before building regulations were instituted in New York.
	www.nyc-architecture.com /LM/LM059.htm (498 words)

	Project Rebirth: Architecture, Manhattan Skyscrapers (Early History)
		Tall buildings – including the 700-foot Metropolitan Life Insurance Tower completed in 1909, and the Singer Tower (since demolished), which at 670 feet was the first occupied building taller than the Washington Monument – had been completed before the Equitable Life Assurance building rose over New York City’s skyline in 1916.
		In 1916 the construction of the Equitable Building capped off what historians consider the early, heady period of skyscraper development.
		Shortly before the monolithic 450-foot-tall skyscraper was finished, the Banker’s Trust building of 1910 and the Woolworth Building of 1913 (still standing to this day), were completed, adding an element of iconic majesty to the skyscraper’s stark beauty.
	www.projectrebirth.org /rebuild/architecture/ManhattanSkyscrapers (276 words)

	The New York City Empire State Building information page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Two years after it opened for rentals in1931, the building's location and the nation's poor economic state was evident in the building's three-quarters or 56 floors of vacant space.
		Planning the tallest building in the world was only half the battle; they still had to build the towering structure and the quicker the better.
		While the outside of the building was being constructed, electricians and plumbers began installing the internal necessities of the building.
	www.fiddlersgreen.net /buildings/new-england/empire-state/info/info.htm (3269 words)

	1999 Pulitzer Prizes-CRITICISM, Works
		First, the building is a good neighbor; it is set well back from the property line to preserve a view of the neo-Gothic Tribune Tower from the Michigan Avenue Bridge.
		Third, the rectangular panels beneath the Equitable's windows are made of fl granite, a departure from the steel and glass norm that represents a subtle nod to the Beaux-Arts masonry facades of North Michigan Avenue.
		Buildings by Miesians also have stood the test of time for more practical reasons, such as durability, a quality you experience as you walk through Stanislav Gladych's high-ceilinged, column-free buildings (Terminals 2 and 3) at O'Hare.
	www.pulitzer.org /year/1999/criticism/works/day8/page1.html (1660 words)

	Michael's Architecture Page: New York: Chrysler Building
		Downtown, the Bank of Manhattan was building what they believed to be the tallest building in the world.
		When the Chrysler Building appeared to be just about complete, the "perfume bottle top," as it is sometimes called, was assembled inside the building and then hoisted up on top.
		The result was a building taller than the Bank of Manhattan's and the tallest building in the world.
	www.michael.leland.name /newyork/chrysler.html (433 words)

	Project Rebirth: Architecture, Manhattan Skyscrapers (1916 zoning)
		In 1916 the city passed a zoning law that required skyscrapers to stagger their setbacks from the street, in no small part related to the mass hysteria provoked by the Equitable Building’s construction.
		Tenants of neighboring buildings fled, as their sunlight and open sky exposure had been diminished by the overwhelming structure.
		The zoning amendments required that a building have maximum three-dimensional limits, with the walls progressively receding back from the street in proportion to the building’s height in order to “open up” the sky.
	projectrebirth.org /rebuild/architecture/ManhattanSkyscrapers/zone.html (148 words)

	Equitable Building renovation seeks retro '60s look - Atlanta Business Chronicle: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An interior refurbishment under way at the Equitable Building is slated to both upgrade the interior of this downtown Atlanta landmark and position it for the eventual rebound of the metro area's office market.
		The last in a string of three downtown Atlanta office buildings developed by The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States in the late 1800s and the 1900s, it was purchased by a partnership made up of Lincoln Property Co. and ING Real Estate in November 2000 for a reported $50 million.
		In the building lobbies, "classic modern furnishings in fl leather will be added, as well as custom-polished granite containers that hold plantings, such as bamboo, that are typical to the original era of the building," Macri said.
	atlanta.bizjournals.com /atlanta/stories/2003/01/06/focus4.html (889 words)

	Session XXI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		century skyscraper, particularly changes related to the environment of the building: its sustainability, the idea of building as organism, and the living environment that the building creates.
		New technologies are emerging to address the energy consumption and inefficiencies of many buildings, such as advanced glazing, computer-aided energy analysis, bio-technology, and new materials.
		Contemporary tall buildings are now being designed with sky gardens, windows that open on the inside.
	www.arlisna.org /news/conferences/2004/proceedings/panel_21.html (2262 words)


		After the Equitable Insurance Company’s office building burned down in 1912, the company commissioned architects Ernest R. Graham and Associates to design a replacement.
		The new Equitable Building, which opened at 120 Broadway in lower Manhattan in 1915, was the world’s largest in terms of both height and square footage.
		The pioneering law, which also separated commercial structures from residential neighborhoods, was the first of its type in the nation and served as a model for other American cities.
	newsday.com /other/special/ny-ihny0806story,0,7332074.htmlstory?... (131 words)

	NYART - Technology in the City Web Exhibit - Medicine and Scientific Research
		Plans for a subaqueous tunnel are first developed, but the technology necessary to build tunnels through the mud and silt of riverbeds is not perfected until the late 1860s.
		One of the most notable skyscrapers to hit the City was the Flatiron building, whose distinctive triangular shape gave a name to the entire area.
		Dominating the skyline of Manhattan, this 1,250-foot tall, 102-story layer-cake shaped skyscraper breaks records for height and speed of construction, and remains the world’s tallest building until the 1970s.
	www.nycarchivists.org /exhibit/engtime.html (1335 words)

	Books: Manhattan Skyscrapers by Eric P. Nash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Despite the use of "Manhattan" in the book’s title, it includes a chapter on the former Williamsburgh Bank tower in Brooklyn, a fine building but geographically astray.
		He does report, interestingly, however, that a drawing of the building by the architect, Pierre L. LeBrun of Napoleon LeBrun and Sons, is in a "14.5-foot-tall frame" in one of the building’s entrances.
		In his notes on the 1913 Woolworth Building, designed by Cass Gilbert, at 233 Broadway, he notes that the "lobby is ahistorically designed in a Romanesque style featuring barrel-vaulted ceilings with glass mosaics patterned after the early Christian mausoleum Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy." Romanesque perhaps, but to modern eyes much more Byzantine.
	www.thecityreview.com /mansky.html (1698 words)

	[No title]
		Here and there are a few of the more modest buildings still standing, sandwiched in between their huge neighbors and looking to the eyes of the present generation to be sadly out of place.
		It is one of the three buildings of a public, or semi-public, character, dating from pre-Revolutionary days that still stand upon the island of Manhattan*.
		In the course of time, the building was over-topped by its neighbors, and the bureau found lodgment in the tower of the Manhattan Life Insurance building at a height of three hundred and fifty-one feet above the street.
	www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com /Manhattan/Broadway/Wall.Commons.html (4101 words)

	Downtown NYC Fun Facts
		When built, 120 Broadway's Equitable Building cast a 7-acre shadow, leading to the creation of zoning setback laws.
		The Woolworth Building - the 'Cathedral of Commerce' - was the tallest building in the world from 1913 to 1929.
		The northern façade of City Hall was left unfinished when the building was erected in 1803 - no one foresaw that the city would expand beyond Downtown.
	www.nycvisit.com /content/index.cfm?pagepkey=634 (596 words)

	History of the City of New York W4712x - Field Trip 21
		Instead of the old way, using masonry to build the walls, steel girders were riveted into a giant frame which supported the entire weight of the building.
		After we finished touring the museum, we walked around the corner onto the street with the Equitable Building, which precipitated the zoning law of 1916 by blocking all of the light on the street beside it.
		Trinity was one of the largest landowners in NYC, an donated the land for the original Columbia University.
	www.columbia.edu /~ktj1/NYC/trip21.html (815 words)

	Commercial Architecture - Great Buildings Online
		Euram Building, by Hartman-Cox, at Washington, D.C., 1971.
		Hallidie Building, by Willis Polk, at San Francisco, California, 1918.
		Lloyds Building, by Richard Rogers, at London, England, 1979 to 1984.
	www.greatbuildings.com /types/types/commercial.html (790 words)

	Amazon.com: Manhattan Skyscrapers: Books: Eric Nash,Norman McGrath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Manhattan Skyscrapers offers the chance to leisurely peruse the stunning skyline, one building at a time, by compiling 75 of the most noteworthy towers in Manhattan (and one in Brooklyn).
		I was particularly enamored of the older buildings, especially the Flatiron Building (1902) with its one-of-a-kind design but the newer buildings, such as Citicorp Center, the W.R. Grace Building and the oddly suggestive Lipstick Building also warrant attention.
		Then continues to the towers of wall street, these are the big bold towers weve come to know in the financial district, from the equitable building that is the reason for new york zoning to 1 bankers trust and it's magnificant zuggarat roof.
	www.amazon.com /Manhattan-Skyscrapers-Eric-Nash/dp/1568981813 (1813 words)

	Puzz-3D NYC @ joshmadison.com
		The other is the Empire State Building district, which contains the Empire State Building, the Marine Midland bank, the Chrysler Building, the old Manhattan Bank, the American Standard Building, Morgan Bank, the Chase Manhattan Bank, the Equitable Building, and Standard Oil.
		There are about 20-30 building pieces that I either don't know what they are for, or that they can't be joined until a roof piece is in place.
		I have moved all of the buildings (with roof pieces) to the floor under the table to have room to start working on the base street pieces.
	joshmadison.net /misc/projects/puzzles/puzz3d_nyc (935 words)

	New York City Neighborhoods \| NYC \| Manhattan \| Greenwich Village \| Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Greenwich Village is a neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City.
		Located at the southern tip of Manhattan, the financial district has long been established as the economic center of the country.
		Rich in historic districts, gorgeous brownstones and numerous churches, its heritage is chronicled in The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, with an impressive archive of over 5 million documents, ephemera, and films relating to the African diaspora.
	www.abingdonguesthouse.com /nyc-manhattan-neighborhoods.shtml (1884 words)

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